Anemia and White Blood Cells Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of total body weight does the whole blood volume represent?

7% to 9%

What is the main component of blood plasma?

Water

What is the liquid remaining after whole blood clots called?

Serum

Which blood type is considered the universal donor?

Type O Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for polycythemia characterized by increased blood viscosity?

Blood removal, irradiation, and chemotherapy Signup and view all the answers

Which type of RBC abnormality is characterized by a larger than normal cell size?

Macrocytic Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of red blood cells (RBCs)?

Transport respiratory gases Signup and view all the answers

What can result from low levels or defective types of hemoglobin?

Anemia Signup and view all the answers

What system can lead to erythroblastosis fetalis in Rh-negative mothers carrying Rh-positive fetuses?

Rh system Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique shape of red blood cells (RBCs)?

Biconcave disk with no nucleus or cytoplasmic organelles Signup and view all the answers

What can assist in diagnosing blood diseases?

Aspiration biopsy cytology (ABC) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main locations where blood cells are formed?

Red bone marrow and lymphoid tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate fate of platelets in the blood clotting process?

They become part of the clot itself Signup and view all the answers

Which factor converts prothrombin to thrombin in the clotting mechanism?

Calcium Signup and view all the answers

What does Coumadin do in the blood-clotting mechanism?

Delays clotting by inhibiting prothrombin synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Heparin in the blood-clotting mechanism?

Delays clotting by inhibiting conversion of prothrombin to thrombin Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Prothrombin Time Test?

Used to regulate dosage of anticoagulant drugs Signup and view all the answers

What is the most serious symptom of Hemophilia?

Repeated episodes of bleeding into joints causing pain and deformity Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of Thrombocytopenia?

Bleeding from small blood vessels, most visibly as purpura in the skin and mucous membranes Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of Thrombocytopenia?

Bone marrow destruction by drugs, chemicals, radiation, and diseases such as cancer, lupus, and HIV/AIDS Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Vitamin K in the blood clotting process?

Necessary to make several clotting factors Signup and view all the answers

What may cause Vitamin K deficiency in infants?

Lack of bacteria to produce enough vitamin K for normal clotting Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of tissue plasminogen activator (TPA or tPA)?

Used to dissolve clots that have already formed Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common form of hemophilia?

Hemophilia A Signup and view all the answers

Which type of anemia is caused by a lack of folate (vitamin B9)?

Pernicious anemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of iron deficiency anemia?

Microcytic and hypochromic RBCs Signup and view all the answers

Which group of people is thalassemia mainly found in?

People of Mediterranean descent Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of hemolytic disease of the newborn and erythroblastosis fetalis?

Blood incompatibility between the mother and developing baby Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of leukocytosis?

Abnormally high WBC count Signup and view all the answers

What are the clinical signs of anemia?

Fatigue, skin pallor, weakness Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of sickle cell anemia?

Genetic disease leading to abnormal hemoglobin formation Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of thalassemia?

Anemia, skeletal deformities, spleen and liver swelling Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of pernicious anemia?

Vitamin B12 deficiency Signup and view all the answers

What are WBCs categorized as?

Granulocytes or agranulocytes Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of hemolytic anemias?

Jaundice, spleen swelling Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of folate deficiency anemia?

Decreased RBC, WBC, and platelet numbers Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anemia and White Blood Cells Overview

Anemia clinical signs include fatigue, skin pallor, weakness, and increased heart and respiratory rates
Types of anemia include hemorrhagic, aplastic, pernicious, folate deficiency, iron deficiency, hemolytic, sickle cell, and thalassemia
Pernicious anemia is caused by vitamin B12 deficiency, leading to decreased RBC, WBC, and platelet numbers
Folate deficiency anemia is caused by a lack of folate (vitamin B9) and is common in alcoholism and malnutrition
Iron deficiency anemia results from inadequate iron supply for hemoglobin synthesis, leading to microcytic and hypochromic RBCs
Hemolytic anemias are caused by decreased RBC lifespan or increased RBC destruction, leading to symptoms like jaundice and spleen swelling
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease leading to abnormal hemoglobin formation, primarily found in African-Americans
Thalassemia is a group of inherited hemolytic anemias occurring mainly in people of Mediterranean descent
Thalassemia symptoms include anemia, skeletal deformities, and spleen and liver swelling, requiring marrow and stem cell transplantation for treatment
Hemolytic disease of newborn and erythroblastosis fetalis are caused by blood incompatibility between the mother and developing baby during pregnancy
WBCs are categorized as granulocytes or agranulocytes, with normal counts ranging from 5000 to 10,000/mm3 of blood
Leukocytosis is an abnormally high WBC count, often found in bacterial infections and blood cancers like leukemia

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