Questions and Answers
What is the goal of anemia therapy?
Correcting the cause of the anemia.
Which of the following are acute interventions for anemia management? (Select all that apply)
What are the primary causes of anemia?
What are some clinical manifestations of anemia?
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What findings may indicate chronic anemia?
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Fatigue is a nursing assessment finding associated with anemia.
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What is a nursing diagnosis related to anemia?
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What are some overall goals of anemia management?
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What dietary changes may help manage anemia?
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Anemia is a normal finding in older adults.
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What is iron deficiency anemia?
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Which diagnostic studies are used for iron deficiency anemia?
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What oral iron supplements are commonly used to treat anemia?
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What is a recommended practice for taking oral iron supplements?
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What happens to blood levels after acute blood loss due to trauma?
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What are the focuses of interprofessional care for acute blood loss?
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Study Notes
Anemia Management Overview
- Goal of anemia therapy focuses on correcting the underlying cause of the anemia.
- Effective management requires understanding acute interventions and possible therapeutic approaches.
Acute Interventions in Anemia Management
- Blood transfusions and RBC replacement are critical in emergency situations.
- Medications include erythropoietin and vitamin supplements to boost RBC production.
- Oxygen therapy stabilizes patients experiencing shortness of breath.
- Teaching includes dietary and lifestyle modifications to reverse some anemia types.
- Assess patient’s knowledge regarding nutrition and safety to prevent complications.
Causes of Anemia
- Anemia arises from blood loss, inadequate RBC production, or increased RBC destruction.
Clinical Manifestations of Anemia
- Symptoms indicate tissue hypoxia: fatigue, dyspnea, syncope, angina, and compensatory tachycardia.
- Severity correlates with hemoglobin levels:
- 10-12 g/dL indicates mild anemia with dyspnea and fatigue.
- 6-10 g/dL suggests moderate anemia, symptoms persist at rest.
- Below 6 g/dL indicates severe anemia, chronic signs may appear in multiple organs.
Nursing Assessment for Anemia
- Key indicators include fatigue, pallor, low hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, and poor nutritional intake.
- Chronic symptoms may involve tachycardia, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, nausea, and bone pain.
- Diagnostic findings typically involve ↓ RBC, ↓ Hgb, and possible abnormalities in iron and vitamin levels.
Nursing Diagnoses Related to Anemia
- Fatigue due to inadequate oxygenation.
- Imbalanced nutrition related to insufficient dietary intake.
- Ineffective health management attributed to lack of knowledge on nutrition and medication.
Planning Goals for Anemia Patients
- Aim for patients to perform normal daily activities.
- Ensure adequate nutrition and prevention of complications.
Nursing Implementation in Anemia Management
- Administer blood or blood products as required.
- Provide necessary drug therapies and volume replacements.
- Educate patients on dietary changes, lifestyle modifications, and the importance of compliance for safety.
Considerations for Older Adults
- Anemia is not a normal aspect of aging, though a slight decrease in hemoglobin levels may occur.
Iron Deficiency Anemia Key Facts
- Most prevalent form of anemia; leading nutritional deficiency globally.
- Causes include inadequate dietary intake, malabsorption, blood loss, and hemolysis.
Diagnostic Studies for Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Fecal occult blood test (FOBT) assesses for GI bleeding linked to iron deficiency.
- Imaging like endoscopy and colonoscopy may be necessary.
- Lab findings to expect: decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit, reduced serum iron, and ferritin levels.
Management of Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Identifying and treating the underlying cause is crucial.
- Drug therapy includes oral iron supplements (ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate) and IV iron preparations.
- Nutritional therapy and packed RBC transfusions serve as additional interventions.
Iron Sulfate Administration
- Monitor for allergic reactions with IV iron preparations.
- Oral iron should be taken before meals for optimal absorption; Vitamin C can enhance absorption.
Anemia Due to Blood Loss
- Acute blood loss results from sudden hemorrhage due to trauma, disease, or surgical interventions.
- Blood levels may remain low post-trauma, reflecting the degree of loss.
Interprofessional Care for Acute Blood Loss
- Focus on blood volume replacement to avert shock and identifying hemorrhage source to halt blood loss.
- IV fluids include solutions like dextran, hetastarch, albumin, and lactated Ringer's as emergent treatments.
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Description
These flashcards cover essential concepts in the nursing care management of anemia. Learn about the goals of anemia therapy and acute interventions, including transfusions and drug therapies. Perfect for nursing students and professionals preparing for exams or seeking to enhance their knowledge in anemia care.
