Gr 4 Social Studies- Early Societies
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Questions and Answers

Mesopotamia means land between three rivers

False

The village of Mesopotamia was formed in Africa

False

The fertile land in Mesopotamia had poor soil

False

The people of Mesopotamia settled between two rivers by accident

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The rivers in Mesopotamia provided water for drinking and bathing only

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The people of Mesopotamia used sprinklers to irrigate their farmland

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Irrigation was not important in Mesopotamia because they could control the rain

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Drought was not a serious problem in Mesopotamia

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Inca empire ruled over the east coast of South America from the early 1400s to 1532.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Inca believed that their ruler, the Inca Sapa, was fully human.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Incas built small, simple temples to honour their gods.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Inca society had only 2 social classes.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Inca people did not believe in an afterlife.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of hats did the Andean men wear?

<p>Brimmed hats</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was used for transportation in the Andes?

<p>Llamas only</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the rich and elite Andean people eat?

<p>Corn, meat, beans, and sweet potatoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the Andean houses and buildings made of?

<p>Adobe bricks</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a problem with the Andean houses and buildings?

<p>They were not very strong</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main food source of the Mayans?

<p>Corn</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Mayan men wear?

<p>Loincloths</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the favorite game of the Mayans?

<p>Ulama</p> Signup and view all the answers

What material were the huts of the poorer Mayans made of?

<p>Mud</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why were the Mayan shelters built on platforms?

<p>To protect from floods</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the Aztec clothing with its description:

<p>Loincloths = Worn by men Long capes = Worn by men Long skirts = Worn by women Blouses = Worn by women</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the Aztec food with its description:

<p>Maize (corn) = Grinded to make tortillas Beans = Eaten with maize Squash = Eaten as a vegetable Cocoa beans = Used to make chocolate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the Aztec shelter with its description:

<p>Adobe bricks = Used to build poorer homes Stone = Used to build nobles' homes Clay = Sun-dried to make adobe bricks Adobe = Used to build all Aztec homes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the Aztec entertainment with its description:

<p>Patolli = A board game played with dice Chess = A popular Aztec game Tennis = A sport played by the Aztecs Backgammon = A popular Aztec game</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the Aztec social class with its clothing privilege:

<p>Rich nobles = Could wear clothing decorated with feathers Poor commoners = Could wear turquoise-coloured cloaks Emperor = Could wear clothing decorated with feathers Rich merchants = Could wear colourful clothing</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the Inuit modes of transportation with their descriptions:

<p>Dog sleds = Used on land for hunting Kayaks = Used on water for hunting Umiaqs = Used on water for transportation Anoraks = Worn for warmth in cold weather</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the Inuit clothing with their descriptions:

<p>Anoraks = Jackets made from caribou and seal skin Pants = Made from animal furs for warmth Boots = Worn on the feet for protection Shirts = Made from animal furs for warmth</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the Inuit hunt with their prey:

<p>Harpoons = Used for hunting seals and walruses Bowhead whales = Hunted for food Wild berries = Eaten for nutrition Fish = Caught for food</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the Inuit government with their descriptions:

<p>Government leader = Works with the Canadian government Ministers = Chosen by the government leader 19 elected people = Choose the government leader and ministers Nunavut communities = Small and far apart</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the Inuit survival needs with their descriptions:

<p>Thick and warm clothing = Needed to survive cold temperatures Hunting = Needed for food and energy Dog sleds = Needed for transportation on land Boats = Needed for transportation on water</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the word 'Algonkin' mean?

<p>Our allies</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of shelters did most Algonkin live in?

<p>Wigwams</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the Algonkin men responsible for?

<p>Hunting, fishing, and protecting the community</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Algonkin use to hunt larger game like deer?

<p>Traps and fences</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a treat that the Algonkin enjoyed?

<p>Maple syrup</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the name 'Haudenosaunee Confederacy' mean?

<p>People of the long house</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the goal of the Peacemaker and Hiawatha?

<p>To stop the fighting between the 5 nations and promote peace</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many First Nations were originally part of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy?

<p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who sent the Peacemaker to spread the Kariwiio?

<p>The Creator</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the sixth nation that joined the Haudenosaunee Confederacy?

<p>Tuscarora</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mesopotamia

  • Mesopotamia is a region located between modern-day Iraq and Iran.
  • The name "Mesopotamia" means "land between two rivers", referring to the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
  • The fertile land in Mesopotamia had rich soil, allowing plants to grow.
  • The region's floodplain was created by the annual flooding of the rivers, which would pour water onto the flat land.
  • Farmers would plant on this flat land, and the water would seep into the soil.

Importance of Rivers

  • The people of Mesopotamia settled between the two rivers intentionally, as they provided three essential things: water for irrigation, transportation routes, and water for basic needs.
  • The rivers enabled transportation through boats, making it easier to get around and trade goods.
  • The water from the rivers was used for irrigation, helping farmers control their environment.

Irrigation

  • Irrigation was a crucial step in human history, as it allowed people to control their environment and no longer rely on rain.
  • The people of Mesopotamia developed a system of canals to irrigate their farmland, as they did not have the technology for modern sprinklers.
  • When a drought occurred, the water levels would stay low, making irrigation impossible.
  • Drought was a serious problem in Mesopotamia, as it was a long period of time with no rain.

The Inca Empire

  • Ruled the west coast of South America from the early 1400s to 1532
  • Known for complex government and system of roads

Inca Worldview

  • Believed the ruler, the Inca Sapa, was part god
  • Believed in 5 different gods and goddesses
  • Inti, the god of the sun, was the most important
  • Believed in an afterlife, and would embalm and mummify the dead before burial

Inca Arts

  • Expert weavers and embroiderers
  • Spun wool from alpacas and llamas to make colourful clothing for special occasions
  • Made pottery for religious ceremonies and everyday items
  • Decorated pots with colourful patterns
  • Made sculptures from precious stones like turquoise, used as jewelry

Inca Society

  • Had 3 social classes
  • People were born into a class and couldn't move classes, no matter how hard they worked
  • Noble class: rich and wealthy people
  • Public administrator class: below the noble class, worked for the government

Clothing

  • Andean women wore bright colored clothing, including shawls, capes, skirts, and hats.
  • Andean men wore lightweight twill and cotton pants and shirts due to the hot weather in the Andes.
  • Brimmed hats protected Andean people from the sun.

Transportation

  • The Andean people did not have access to wheeled vehicles or working animals.
  • They walked or rode llamas to get around.
  • Llamas were not strong enough to carry loads over 45kg.

Food

  • Rich and elite Andean people ate corn and meat from llamas and guinea pigs.
  • They also ate beans, sweet potatoes, quinoa, and chili peppers.
  • Poor Andean laborers received food from the government instead of money for their work.
  • Everyone was fed in the Andean community.

Shelter

  • Andean people made houses and buildings out of adobe bricks.
  • Adobe bricks are made from sand, clay, water, and straw.
  • The bricks are formed into rectangular shapes and dried in the sun.
  • Adobe shelters are simple to make but not very strong.
  • The Andes Mountains are prone to earthquakes, which makes these shelters a risk to live in.

Clothing

  • Rich Mayans wore colorful clothing made from animal skins
  • Poorer Mayans wore simple clothing
  • Men wore loincloths
  • Women wore long skirts
  • Both genders used a blanket called a manta to keep warm
  • Both genders often got tattoos after marriage

Hunting and Food

  • Mayans hunted peccary, deer, and smaller animals like dogs, rabbits, frogs, tadpoles, and grasshoppers
  • They used bows and arrows to hunt larger animals and nets to catch smaller ones
  • They also used harpoons, fishhooks, and bows and arrows to catch fish
  • Corn was the main food source, along with vegetables like beans and squash
  • Mayans would grind corn into cakes and flatten them into pancakes (tortillas)

Shelter

  • Rich kings and nobles lived in large stone palaces
  • Poorer commoners lived in small mud huts outside the city near their farms
  • Huts were sometimes made from stone
  • Mayan shelters were built on platforms to protect them from floods

Entertainment

  • The Mayans' favorite game was ulama, a ball game where two teams compete to get a rubber ball through a stone ring
  • Players had to keep the ball off the ground using any part of their body except their hands or feet
  • Sometimes prisoners of war were forced to play, with the losing team being put to death

Aztec Clothing

  • Aztec clothing was made by the wife of the family
  • Men wore loincloths and long capes, while women wore long skirts and blouses
  • Poor commoners had to weave their own cloth to make their clothing
  • Richer Aztecs could purchase clothing or cloth already made
  • There were laws dictating what colors certain people could wear
  • Only rich nobles could wear clothing decorated with feathers
  • Only the emperor could wear a turquoise-colored cloak

Aztec Food

  • Aztecs mainly ate maize (corn)
  • They ground corn to make tortillas
  • They also ate beans, squash, insects, fish, honey, dogs, and snakes
  • As a treat, Aztecs made chocolate from cocoa beans

Aztec Shelter

  • Poorer commoners lived in shelters made from adobe bricks (made from sun-dried clay)
  • Average homes had four areas: sleeping area, family shrine, meal preparation area, and eating area
  • Nobles had similar homes made from stone, which were bigger and decorated with artwork

Aztec Entertainment

  • Aztecs played games for fun
  • One popular game was Patolli, a board game played with dice
  • The object of Patolli is to move your piece around the gameboard

Clothing

  • Inuit people wear thick and warm clothing to survive the cold temperatures.
  • They use animal furs to make jackets, pants, shirts, and boots.
  • Anoraks, a type of jacket, are made from caribou and seal skin.
  • The inside of anoraks are lined with fur from foxes, polar bears, and rabbits to make them even warmer.

Transportation

  • Inuit people use dog sleds called qamutiks to travel large distances on land.
  • Qamutiks are made from whale bones and wood.
  • They bred strong dogs from wolves and dogs that eventually became the husky dog breed.
  • Inuit people use two types of boats for transportation on water: kayaks for hunting and umiaqs (long boats similar to canoes) for getting around.

Hunting

  • Inuit people are unable to farm due to the cold temperatures, so they need to hunt for their food.
  • They use harpoons to hunt seals, walruses, and bowhead whales.
  • They also eat wild berries and fish.
  • Their high fat diet gives them the energy they need to survive the cold temperatures.

Governance

  • Inuit people live in small communities that are far apart from each other in Nunavut.
  • They elect 19 people, who then choose the government leader and ministers.
  • The government leader works with the Canadian government to ensure the Inuit people have a voice in Canada.

The Algonkin First Nation

  • The Algonkin people can also be referred to as Algonquin, meaning "our allies".
  • They lived in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence region, which spans across southern Ontario and Quebec.

Shelter

  • Most Algonkin lived in wigwams, which are small, domed-shaped shelters made of birch bark.
  • Each wigwam housed only one family.
  • Some Algonkin lived in longhouses, larger shelters made of birch bark, which were shared by multiple families.

Daily Life and Gender Roles

  • The daily life of an Algonkin member varied depending on their age and gender.
  • Children helped around the house, played outside, and accompanied their fathers on hunting and fishing trips.
  • Men were responsible for hunting, fishing, and protecting the community or family in war.
  • Women took care of the children, gathered plants, and managed the shelter and cooking.

Food

  • The Algonkin were a hunting-based society.
  • Their diet consisted of deer, moose, small game, fish, corn, squash, and berries.
  • They used bows and arrows, spears, and traps to hunt their food.
  • Maple syrup was a treat made from the sap of maple trees.

Tools and Weapons

  • Algonkin warriors used war clubs, spears, and tomahawks in battle.
  • Fishermen used spears to stab fish from their canoes or through holes in the ice.
  • To hunt larger game like deer, the Algonkin set up traps using fences to direct deer movement and then speared them as they approached.

The Haudenosaunee Confederacy

  • The Haudenosaunee Confederacy is also known as the Iroquois Confederacy by the French and the League of Five Nations by the English.
  • The name "Haudenosaunee" means "people of the long house" and refers to the peaceful uniting of five nations under one government.
  • The Confederacy was formed by five First Nations: the Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas, and the Senecas.

The Five Nations of the Haudenosaunee

  • The original five nations of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy were the Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas, and the Senecas.
  • Over time, the Tuscarora joined the confederacy, and it became known as the Six Nations.

Founding of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy

  • The exact date of the Confederacy's founding is unknown, but it is considered "immemorial".
  • The Confederacy was founded by the prophet known as the Peacemaker, who was sent by the Creator to spread the Kariwiio, or "good mind".
  • The Peacemaker worked with Hiawatha to teach the laws of peace to the Haudenosaunee and stop the fighting between the five nations.
  • The goal of the Peacemaker and Hiawatha was to promote peace and unity among the five nations.

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Related Documents

Gr 4 Mesopotamia PDF
Inca People - Culture PDF
Andean People Daily Life PDF
Mayan People Daily life PDF
Aztec People Daily Life PDF
Inuit Daily Life Gr 5 PDF
Algonquin First Nation PDF
Haudenosaunee Confederacy PDF

Description

Learn about the formation of Mesopotamia, its geographical location, and its fertile land. Explore the significance of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.

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