Questions and Answers
What was the pattern of communication among neighboring groups?
What was the result of the slow colonization or migration of agricultural peoples?
Where did the Indo-European languages originate from?
What was the result of the combination of diffusion and migration of the original agricultural package of Southwest Asia?
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What was the impact of the Chinese farming system on Southeast Asia?
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What was the result of the agricultural influences on India from the Middle East, Africa, and China?
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What was the geographical area where the Indo-European languages are widely spoken today?
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What was the time period during which the agricultural package of Southwest Asia spread widely into Europe, Central Asia, Egypt, and North Africa?
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What was the result of the slow colonization or migration of agricultural peoples on the gatherers and hunters?
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What was the geographical area where the agricultural package of Southwest Asia spread widely?
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Study Notes
Early Human Migration and Colonization
- Both men and women migrated, suggesting intentional colonization of new lands
- This led to the creation of highly stratified societies or chiefdoms, such as ancient Hawaiian society
- Elite classes of chiefs with political and military power ruled over commoners
Environmental Impact of Human Migration
- Quick extinction of many species of animals, especially large flightless birds, occurred after human arrival
- Example: the moa of New Zealand largely vanished within a century of human arrival
- Deforestation, famine, violent conflict, and population decline occurred on Rapa Nui (Easter Island)
Paleolithic Societies
- Paleolithic people created separate and distinct societies, each with its own history, culture, language, identity, stories, and rituals
- Gathering and hunting technology using stone tools imposed commonalities on these ancient people
- Scholars have identified common features of these early societies based on archeological records and modern gathering and hunting societies
The Agricultural Revolution
- The Agricultural Revolution took 3,500 years to unfold in Mesoamerica, compared to a faster transition in the Middle East
- The north/south orientation of the Americas required agricultural practices to adapt to distinct climatic and vegetation zones
- The east/west axis of North Africa/Eurasia allowed agricultural innovations to spread more rapidly
Spread of Agriculture
- Agriculture spread gradually to much of the earth, coexisting with gathering and hunting ways of life
- Spread occurred through two ways: diffusion (gradual spread of agricultural techniques) and colonization/migration of agricultural peoples
- Diffusion involved the exchange of ideas and products between neighboring groups
- Colonization/migration involved the slow movement of agricultural peoples, often resulting in conquest, absorption, or displacement of gatherers and hunters
Languages and Cultures Associated with Agriculture
- Languages originating in the core region of Southwest Asia accompanied the movement of people and farming practices
- Indo-European languages, originating in Turkey, reflect this movement of culture associated with the spread of agriculture
- The Chinese farming system moved into Southeast Asia, accompanied by related language families
- India received agricultural influences from the Middle East, Africa, and China
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Description
This quiz explores the colonization of new lands by early humans, and the subsequent development of stratified societies, such as the ancient Hawaiian chiefdoms.