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Questions and Answers
Who founded the settlement of Santa Marta in 1525?
Who founded the settlement of Santa Marta in 1525?
Which event sparked the formation of the first independent government in Colombia?
Which event sparked the formation of the first independent government in Colombia?
Who played a crucial role in Colombia's independence from Spain?
Who played a crucial role in Colombia's independence from Spain?
What period of Colombian history was marked by violence and division between the Liberal and Conservative parties?
What period of Colombian history was marked by violence and division between the Liberal and Conservative parties?
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What ideology fueled the emergence of guerrilla movements in Colombia in the 1960s?
What ideology fueled the emergence of guerrilla movements in Colombia in the 1960s?
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Who founded the city of Santa Fe (modern-day Bogotá)?
Who founded the city of Santa Fe (modern-day Bogotá)?
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What was the name of the governing body created by the Spanish Crown in 1564?
What was the name of the governing body created by the Spanish Crown in 1564?
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What was a major challenge faced by Colombia in the late 20th century?
What was a major challenge faced by Colombia in the late 20th century?
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Who translated the 'Rights of Man' into Spanish?
Who translated the 'Rights of Man' into Spanish?
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What was the outcome of the peace talks between the government and guerrilla groups in the 1990s?
What was the outcome of the peace talks between the government and guerrilla groups in the 1990s?
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Who succeeded Álvaro Uribe as president of Colombia?
Who succeeded Álvaro Uribe as president of Colombia?
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In what year did Colombia gain independence from Spain?
In what year did Colombia gain independence from Spain?
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Who is Colombia's first leftist president?
Who is Colombia's first leftist president?
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Study Notes
Ancient Colombia
- The country's history dates back over 20,000 years with indigenous tribes such as the Arawak, Caribes, and Chibchas populating the region.
- These tribes developed distinct settlements, which eventually became separate communities.
Spanish Colonization
- In 1499, Alonso de Ojeda arrived in the region, making him the first European to set foot in Colombia.
- The Spanish conquistador Rodrigo de Bastidas founded the settlement of Santa Marta in 1525, which is now the oldest European settlement in South America.
- In 1533, Pedro de Heredia founded Cartagena de Indias, which became a major commercial center on the Colombian coast.
Colonial Period
- Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada conquered a large area in the region, ultimately founding the city of Santa Fe (modern-day Bogotá).
- The Muisca people, divided into two clans, were defeated by Jiménez de Quesada, allowing the Spanish to establish control.
- In 1564, the Spanish Crown created the Royal Audience of the New Kingdom of Granada, a governing body that included present-day Colombia, Panama, and Venezuela.
Independence and 19th Century
- In 1781, a rebellion against Spanish rule, led by Manuela Beltrán, took place in Socorro, marking one of the first independence movements in Colombia.
- The French Revolution's ideas influenced the region, and Antonio Nariño translated the "Rights of Man" into Spanish.
- In 1810, a protest sparked by a dispute over a vase in Bogotá led to the formation of the first independent government.
- Simón Bolívar, known as the Liberator, played a crucial role in Colombia's independence from Spain, ultimately leading to the country's freedom in 1819.
20th Century Conflicts
- Colombia experienced various civil wars, including La Violencia (1948-1958), during which time the country was plagued by violence, and the Liberal and Conservative parties were bitterly divided.
- In the 1960s, guerrilla movements like the FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia) and ELN (National Liberation Army) emerged, fueled by Marxist ideologies.
- The country suffered from the rise of drug trafficking and organized crime, exemplified by Pablo Escobar's cartel.
Modern Colombia
- In the 1990s, the government attempted to negotiate peace with guerrilla groups, but these efforts ultimately failed.
- Álvaro Uribe, a hardline president, increased security in the country, but his presidency was marred by scandals.
- Juan Manuel Santos, who succeeded Uribe, pursued peace talks with the FARC, leading to a historic peace agreement in 2016.
- In recent years, Colombia has experienced social unrest, protests, and reforms, including the election of Gustavo Petro, the country's first leftist president.
Ancient Colombia
- Indigenous tribes, including the Arawak, Caribes, and Chibchas, inhabited the region over 20,000 years ago, developing distinct settlements that became separate communities.
Spanish Colonization
- Alonso de Ojeda arrived in the region in 1499, becoming the first European to set foot in Colombia.
- In 1525, Rodrigo de Bastidas founded the settlement of Santa Marta, now the oldest European settlement in South America.
- Pedro de Heredia founded Cartagena de Indias in 1533, which became a major commercial center on the Colombian coast.
Colonial Period
- Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada conquered a large area in the region, founding the city of Santa Fe (modern-day Bogotá).
- The Muisca people were defeated by Jiménez de Quesada, allowing the Spanish to establish control.
- The Royal Audience of the New Kingdom of Granada was created in 1564, governing present-day Colombia, Panama, and Venezuela.
Independence and 19th Century
- In 1781, a rebellion against Spanish rule, led by Manuela Beltrán, took place in Socorro, marking one of the first independence movements in Colombia.
- Antonio Nariño translated the "Rights of Man" into Spanish, influenced by the French Revolution's ideas.
- In 1810, a protest sparked by a dispute over a vase in Bogotá led to the formation of the first independent government.
- Simón Bolívar played a crucial role in Colombia's independence from Spain, achieving freedom in 1819.
20th Century Conflicts
- Colombia experienced various civil wars, including La Violencia (1948-1958), characterized by violence and bitter division between the Liberal and Conservative parties.
- Guerrilla movements like the FARC and ELN emerged in the 1960s, fueled by Marxist ideologies.
- The country suffered from the rise of drug trafficking and organized crime, exemplified by Pablo Escobar's cartel.
Modern Colombia
- In the 1990s, the government attempted to negotiate peace with guerrilla groups, but these efforts ultimately failed.
- Álvaro Uribe increased security in the country, but his presidency was marred by scandals.
- Juan Manuel Santos pursued peace talks with the FARC, leading to a historic peace agreement in 2016.
- Recent years have seen social unrest, protests, and reforms, including the election of Gustavo Petro, the country's first leftist president.
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Description
Learn about the history of Colombia, from its indigenous tribes to the arrival of Spanish colonizers and the founding of settlements.
