Ancient Artifacts: Rosetta Stone & Borobudur
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Questions and Answers

What significant role did the Rosetta Stone play in history?

  • It was the first Egyptian artifact to be discovered.
  • It detailed the construction of pyramids.
  • It provided the location of ancient Egyptian tombs.
  • It helped historians interpret hieroglyphics. (correct)

    • Who discovered the Rosetta Stone?

  • Pierre-François Bouchard (correct)
  • Dr. Kathleen Martinez
  • Howard Carter
  • Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles

    • What languages are inscribed on the Rosetta Stone?

  • Hieroglyphic and Arabic
  • Sanskrit and Hebrew
  • Demotic and Latin
  • Hieroglyphic, Demotic, and ancient Greek (correct)

    • What is the Taposiris Magna Stele known for?

    <p>Its relationship to Egyptian god Isis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year was the Borobudur temple constructed?

    <p>9th century</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to the abandonment of the Borobudur temple?

    <p>Decline of Hinduism and rise of Islam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles' role in the discovery of Borobudur?

    <p>He was the first to describe the temple to the public.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between the Rosetta Stone and the Taposiris Magna Stele?

    <p>The Taposiris Magna Stele only contains Egyptian hieroglyphs and Demotic script.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the Rosetta Stone currently displayed?

    <p>The British Museum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these artifacts is associated with deciphering ancient languages?

    <p>The Rosetta Stone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors contributed to Borobudur's fame as a tourist attraction?

    <p>Natural disasters and conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of visitors were domestic tourists in the mid-1990s?

    <p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What recent efforts have been made regarding Borobudur?

    <p>Major restorations by the Indonesian government and UNESCO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What historical events contributed to the looting of Borobudur?

    <p>Colonial consent for looting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major natural disaster damaged Borobudur in 2006?

    <p>Giant earthquake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much of the stone paths at Borobudur are severely worn out according to archaeologists?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initially concealed Borobudur for centuries?

    <p>Volcanic ash and jungle growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the negative consequences of Borobudur gaining fame?

    <p>Site of looting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group was responsible for a bombing at Borobudur in 1985?

    <p>Islamic fanatics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of local folklore contributed to Borobudur's significance?

    <p>Significant role</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the Rosetta Stone's inscriptions?

    <p>To issue a royal decree</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant discovery did the Taposiris Magna Stele share with the Rosetta Stone?

    <p>It provided insight into the history of Alexandria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the reason for the abandonment of Borobudur temple?

    <p>Cultural transition from Hinduism to Islam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been a significant effect of Borobudur's fame as a tourist attraction?

    <p>Severe wear on its stone paths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year was the Rosetta Stone discovered?

    <p>1799</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the Rosetta Stone particularly important for historians?

    <p>It was the first trilingual inscription found.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event primarily contributed to the looting of Borobudur?

    <p>Colonial consent during excavations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did Indonesian government and UNESCO play in relation to Borobudur?

    <p>They led major restorations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the location of Borobudur?

    <p>In Central Java, Indonesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the original display condition of the Rosetta Stone before 2004?

    <p>In an open metal case</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group was responsible for the bombing at Borobudur in 1985?

    <p>Islamic fanatics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was responsible for the discovery of Borobudur temple?

    <p>Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What natural disaster was Borobudur subjected to in 2006?

    <p>Earthquake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stone is primarily used in the construction of the Rosetta Stone?

    <p>Granite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many visitors did Borobudur attract annually in the mid-1990s?

    <p>2.5 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one negative aspect of Borobudur's increased fame?

    <p>Looting incidents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the cultural significance of the Taposiris Magna Stele?

    <p>It documented the relationship between Ptolemy V and the goddess Isis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What natural feature contributed to the concealment of Borobudur for centuries?

    <p>Volcanic ash and jungle growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the excavation projects affect the artifacts of Borobudur?

    <p>They were shipped to museums</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage approximately represented domestic tourists visiting Borobudur in the mid-1990s?

    <p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact did volcanic ash and jungle growth have on Borobudur for centuries?

    <p>It concealed the temple from discovery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did Dutch scholars play in the history of Borobudur?

    <p>They spearheaded excavation and restoration efforts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event demonstrated the vulnerabilities of Borobudur as a tourist attraction?

    <p>The 1985 bombing and damage from an earthquake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of visitors to Borobudur were international tourists in the mid-1990s?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been a consequence of the site's history of looting?

    <p>Loss of valuable artifacts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How have natural disasters affected Borobudur?

    <p>They have resulted in both physical damage and a decrease in tourism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current condition of approximately half of the stone paths at Borobudur?

    <p>They are severely worn out.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What facilitated the transformation of Borobudur into a site of looting?

    <p>Colonial consent and lack of enforcement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which year marked a significant restoration effort by the Indonesian government and UNESCO?

    <p>2006</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major factor contributed to Borobudur's involvement in local folklore?

    <p>The mystery surrounding its construction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact did the discovery of the Rosetta Stone have on the field of archaeology and history?

    <p>It significantly advanced the understanding of ancient Egyptian languages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the Taposiris Magna Stele from the Rosetta Stone?

    <p>It features only Egyptian hieroglyphs and Demotic script.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key reason for the abandonment of the Borobudur temple in the 14th century?

    <p>The rise of Islam led to a decline in Buddhist practice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of the Rosetta Stone is considered essential for its contribution to history?

    <p>Its trilingual inscriptions, enabling decoding of hieroglyphics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method did Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles reportedly use to discover Borobudur?

    <p>Listening to local folklore about hidden temples.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique feature does the Taposiris Magna Stele share with the Rosetta Stone?

    <p>Both are considered monumental stelae of Ptolemaic history.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary reason for sealing the Rosetta Stone in a glass case since 2004?

    <p>To limit interaction due to damage from visitors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the discovery of Borobudur change perceptions of Indonesian cultural heritage?

    <p>It emphasized the importance of Buddhist influence in Indonesia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What archaeological strategy contributed to the uncovering of significant information about the history of Alexandria through the Taposiris Magna Stele?

    <p>Long-term missions dedicated to site exploration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes how the Rosetta Stone was initially acquired by the British?

    <p>It was taken as a spoil of war after a military defeat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Rosetta Stone

    • Discovered in 1799 near Rosetta, Egypt, by French officer Pierre-François Bouchard.
    • A trilingual stele inscribed with a royal decree in hieroglyphic, Demotic, and Ancient Greek.
    • Instrumental in deciphering hieroglyphics.
    • Currently housed in the British Museum, London.
    • Initially displayed in an open metal case, now sealed in glass due to preservation concerns.

    Taposiris Magna Stele

    • Discovered at Taposiris Magna near Alexandria, Egypt.
    • Described as "another Rosetta Stone," contains a decree in hieroglyphs and Demotic script.
    • Dated two years earlier than the Rosetta Stone.
    • Documents Ptolemy V's gift of a Nubian territory to Isis.
    • Part of ongoing archaeological work led by Dr. Kathleen Martinez.

    Borobudur

    • Massive 9th-century Mahayana Buddhist temple in Central Java, Indonesia.
    • Abandoned in the 14th century due to the decline of Hinduism and rise of Islam.
    • Rediscovered in 1814 by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles.
    • Lay hidden under volcanic ash and jungle growth for centuries.
    • Subject to looting and restoration efforts.
    • A major tourist attraction and religious site, but vulnerable to natural disasters and conflict (bombing, earthquake damage).
    • Experienced significant wear and tear on its stone paths due to high visitor numbers (2.5 million annually in the mid-1990s).

    Rosetta Stone

    • Granite stele inscribed with a royal decree (196 BC).
    • Trilingual inscription: Hieroglyphics, Demotic script, Ancient Greek.
    • Discovered in 1799 by Pierre-François Bouchard in Rosetta, Egypt.
    • Instrumental in deciphering hieroglyphs.
    • Currently housed at the British Museum, a highly visited artifact.
    • Now displayed in a protective glass case.

    Taposiris Magna Stele

    • Limestone stele discovered near Alexandria, Egypt.
    • Described as "another Rosetta Stone".
    • Contains a decree from Ptolemy V (dated two years earlier than the Rosetta Stone).
    • Inscribed in Hieroglyphics and Demotic.
    • Discovered by Dr. Kathleen Martinez's team.
    • Provides further insights into Ptolemaic history.

    Borobudur Temple

    • 9th-century Mahayana Buddhist temple in Central Java, Indonesia.
    • Abandoned in the 14th century.
    • Rediscovered in 1814 by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles.
    • Lay hidden under volcanic ash and jungle growth.
    • Subject to looting and damage throughout its history.
    • Restored over time, notable restorations by Indonesia and UNESCO.
    • Major tourist attraction and site of religious practice.
    • Significant wear and tear due to high visitor numbers.
    • Suffered damage from bombing and earthquakes.

    Rosetta Stone

    • A granite stele inscribed with a royal decree in three languages: hieroglyphics, Demotic script, and ancient Greek.
    • Discovered in 1799 near Rosetta, Egypt, by French officer Pierre-François Bouchard.
    • Instrumental in deciphering hieroglyphics.
    • Currently housed in the British Museum, where it's the most visited artifact.
    • Initially displayed in an open case, now protected in a sealed glass case due to excessive handling.

    Taposiris Magna Stele

    • Discovered at Taposiris Magna near Alexandria, Egypt.
    • Described as "another Rosetta Stone," containing a decree in hieroglyphics and Demotic script.
    • Dated two years earlier than the Rosetta Stone.
    • Documents Ptolemy V's gift of part of Nubia to the goddess Isis.
    • Unearthed by Dr. Kathleen Martinez's team during six years of excavation at the Taposiris Magna site.

    Borobudur

    • The world's largest Buddhist temple, located in Central Java, Indonesia.
    • Built in the 9th century, abandoned in the 14th century due to the rise of Islam.
    • Rediscovered in 1814 by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, following local accounts.
    • Hidden for centuries under volcanic ash and jungle growth.
    • Subject to excavation, looting, and several restorations.
    • Major tourist attraction and religious site, facing challenges from wear and tear, natural disasters (earthquakes, bombings), and conflict.
    • Attracted 2.5 million visitors annually in the mid-1990s (80% domestic).
    • Significant stone path deterioration documented.

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    Description

    Explore the significance of two pivotal ancient artifacts: the Rosetta Stone, a crucial key to deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphs, and Borobudur, an extraordinary Mahayana Buddhist temple in Indonesia. Learn about their discoveries, historical context, and the influence they have on our understanding of ancient cultures.

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