Ancient Egypt: The Rosetta Stone
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Ancient Egypt: The Rosetta Stone

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Questions and Answers

What was a major advance in the decoding of the Rosetta Stone in 1814?

  • Recognition that the stone offered three versions of the same text
  • Discovery of three other fragmentary copies of the same decree
  • That the hieroglyphic text did so as well, and had pervasive similarities to the Demotic (correct)
  • That the hieroglyphic text used phonetic characters to spell foreign names

    • What is the term 'Rosetta Stone' now used to refer to?

  • The last known hieroglyphic inscription
  • The essential clue to a new field of knowledge (correct)
  • A decree issued by Ptolemy IV
  • The essential clue to understanding Egyptian literature

    • What had not been understood since shortly before the fall of the Roman Empire?

  • The meaning of the Rosetta Stone
  • The ancient Egyptian language and script (correct)
  • The use of hieroglyphics in the Ptolemaic period
  • The significance of the Decree of Alexandria

    • What marked the end of monumental use of hieroglyphs?

    <p>The conversion of Egypt to Christianity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who wrote Hieroglyphica, an explanation of almost 200 glyphs?

    <p>The priest Horapollo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Greek text on the Rosetta Stone?

    <p>It was the starting point for deciphering hieroglyphics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who presented an English translation of the Greek text in 1802?

    <p>Stephen Weston</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where were two lithographic copies of the Rosetta Stone sent in 1801?

    <p>The Institut de France in Paris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Graffito of Esmet-Akhom?

    <p>The last known hieroglyphic inscription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who ultimately deciphered the hieroglyphics of the Rosetta Stone?

    <p>Jean-François Champollion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year was the decree on the Rosetta Stone issued?

    <p>196 BC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stone is the Rosetta Stone made of?

    <p>Granodiorite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where was the Rosetta Stone originally displayed?

    <p>A temple, possibly at Sais</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which language is the bottom text of the Rosetta Stone written?

    <p>Ancient Greek</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who announced the transliteration of the Egyptian scripts in Paris?

    <p>Jean-François Champollion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the Rosetta Stone currently on display?

    <p>The British Museum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was the Rosetta Stone significant in deciphering Ancient Egyptian scripts?

    <p>It had only minor differences across the three versions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who took the Rosetta Stone to London in 1801?

    <p>The British</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Christian Gottlob Heyne working on in 1803?

    <p>A new Latin translation of the Greek text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was working on a little-known script that came to be known as Demotic?

    <p>Johan David Åkerblad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Antoine-Isaac Silvestre de Sacy report to Chaptal in 1802?

    <p>He had successfully identified five Greek names</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Thomas Young discover in the hieroglyphic text?

    <p>The phonetic characters 'p t o l m e s'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Thomas Young contribute to the Encyclopædia Britannica in 1819?

    <p>An article on Egypt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who suggested to Thomas Young that he look for cartouches in the hieroglyphic text?

    <p>Antoine-Isaac Silvestre de Sacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Johan David Åkerblad's contribution to the study of the Rosetta Stone?

    <p>He published an alphabet of 29 letters from the Demotic script</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of Thomas Young's discovery of similarities between the hieroglyphic and Demotic scripts?

    <p>It revealed the Demotic script was partly phonetic and partly ideographic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the foreign secretary of the Royal Society of London?

    <p>Thomas Young</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was published by the Society of Antiquaries in a special issue of its journal Archaeologia in 1811?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Champollion identify in the Philae obelisk inscriptions?

    <p>The phonetic characters k l e o p a t r a</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the foreign names on the Rosetta Stone?

    <p>They helped in deciphering the hieroglyphic alphabet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On what date did Champollion complete his work on the hieroglyphic alphabet?

    <p>14 September 1822</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who sent the copies of the hieroglyphic inscriptions at Abu Simbel to Champollion?

    <p>Jean-Nicolas Huyot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Champollion note in the postscript of his 'Lettre à M.Dacier'?

    <p>Similar phonetic characters in both Greek and Egyptian names</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was published after Champollion's death in 1832?

    <p>His Ancient Egyptian grammar and hieroglyphic dictionary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Rosetta Stone made of?

    <p>Granodiorite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which language is the bottom text of the Rosetta Stone written?

    <p>Ancient Greek</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where was the Rosetta Stone originally displayed?

    <p>Temple at Sais</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who announced the transliteration of the Egyptian scripts in Paris?

    <p>Jean-François Champollion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year was the decree on the Rosetta Stone issued?

    <p>196 BC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the Rosetta Stone currently on display?

    <p>The British Museum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who found the Rosetta Stone in 1799?

    <p>Pierre-François Bouchard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was the Rosetta Stone significant in deciphering Ancient Egyptian scripts?

    <p>It had a Greek translation of the decree</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Christian Gottlob Heyne working on in 1803?

    <p>A new Latin translation of the Greek text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was working on a little-known script that came to be known as Demotic?

    <p>Johan David Åkerblad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was published by the Society of Antiquaries in a special issue of its journal Archaeologia in 1811?

    <p>Weston's previously unpublished English translation, Colonel Turner's narrative, and other documents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who suggested to Thomas Young that he look for cartouches in the hieroglyphic text?

    <p>Antoine-Isaac Silvestre de Sacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Thomas Young discover in the hieroglyphic text?

    <p>The phonetic characters 'p t o l m e s'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of script was Johan David Åkerblad working with?

    <p>Demotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Thomas Young contribute to the Encyclopædia Britannica in 1819?

    <p>A long article on 'Egypt'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the foreign secretary of the Royal Society of London?

    <p>Thomas Young</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Antoine-Isaac Silvestre de Sacy's contribution to the study of the Rosetta Stone?

    <p>He suggested looking for phonetic characters in cartouches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of Thomas Young's discovery of similarities between the hieroglyphic and Demotic scripts?

    <p>It led to the realization that the Demotic script was partly phonetic and partly ideographic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What languages did William John Bankes note on the Philae obelisk inscriptions?

    <p>Hieroglyphic and Greek</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of Champollion's identification of the phonetic characters k l e o p a t r a?

    <p>It allowed him to construct an alphabet of phonetic hieroglyphic characters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who sent copies of the hieroglyphic inscriptions at Abu Simbel to Champollion?

    <p>Jean-Nicolas Huyot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was published after Champollion's death in 1832?

    <p>An Ancient Egyptian grammar and a hieroglyphic dictionary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the date of Champollion's lecture to the Académie royale des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres?

    <p>27 September 1822</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Champollion note in the postscript of his 'Lettre à M.Dacier'?

    <p>Similar phonetic characters in Greek and Egyptian names</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major advance in the decoding of the Rosetta Stone in 1799?

    <p>Recogition that the stone offered three versions of the same text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the last known inscription of hieroglyphs dated to?

    <p>24 August 394</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Demotic script?

    <p>It was used to spell foreign names</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the study of hieroglyphs by European scholars in the 16th and 17th centuries?

    <p>They made fruitless attempts at decipherment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the first to study hieroglyphs by comparing them to the contemporary Coptic language?

    <p>Dhul-Nun al-Misri</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the discovery of the Rosetta Stone?

    <p>It was a essential key to the modern understanding of ancient Egyptian literature and civilisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the work of Gabriel de La Porte du Theil on the Greek text?

    <p>He was dispatched elsewhere on Napoleon's orders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Ptolemaic decrees?

    <p>They were similar to the Rosetta Stone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the work of Hubert-Pascal Ameilhon on the Greek text?

    <p>He was able to translate the Greek text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the study of hieroglyphs by Arab historians in medieval Egypt?

    <p>They were the first to study hieroglyphs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Rosetta Stone

    • The Rosetta Stone is a stele of granodiorite inscribed with a decree issued in 196 BC during the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt.
    • The decree is inscribed in three versions: Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic script, Ancient Egyptian Demotic script, and Ancient Greek.
    • The stone was carved during the Hellenistic period and is believed to have originally been displayed within a temple, possibly at Sais.
    • The stone was found in 1799 by French officer Pierre-François Bouchard during the Napoleonic campaign in Egypt.

    Deciphering the Rosetta Stone

    • The decree was first translated into Greek in 1803, and the first complete translation of the Greek text was published.
    • Jean-François Champollion announced the transliteration of the Egyptian scripts in 1822.
    • The decoding of the hieroglyphic text was made possible by recognizing that:
      • The stone offered three versions of the same text (1799).
      • The Demotic text used phonetic characters to spell foreign names (1802).
      • The hieroglyphic text did so as well, and had pervasive similarities to the Demotic (1814).
      • Phonetic characters were also used to spell native Egyptian words (1822-1824).

    Historical Context

    • The ancient Egyptian language and script had not been understood since shortly before the fall of the Roman Empire.
    • Monumental use of hieroglyphs ceased as temple priesthoods died out and Egypt was converted to Christianity.
    • The last known inscription is dated to 24 August 394, found at Philae and known as the Graffito of Esmet-Akhom.
    • The last demotic text was written in 452.

    Scholars and Their Contributions

    • Johan David Åkerblad worked on the Demotic script and identified 29 letters (more than half of which were correct).
    • Antoine-Isaac Silvestre de Sacy identified five Greek names in the Demotic text and made other contributions to the decipherment.
    • Thomas Young discovered the phonetic characters "p t o l m e s" in the hieroglyphic text and noted similarities between the hieroglyphic and demotic texts.
    • Jean-François Champollion constructed an alphabet of phonetic hieroglyphic characters and publicly announced his discovery in 1822.

    The Rosetta Stone

    • The Rosetta Stone is a stele of granodiorite inscribed with a decree issued in 196 BC during the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt.
    • The decree is inscribed in three versions: Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic script, Ancient Egyptian Demotic script, and Ancient Greek.
    • The stone was carved during the Hellenistic period and is believed to have originally been displayed within a temple, possibly at Sais.
    • The stone was found in 1799 by French officer Pierre-François Bouchard during the Napoleonic campaign in Egypt.

    Deciphering the Rosetta Stone

    • The decree was first translated into Greek in 1803, and the first complete translation of the Greek text was published.
    • Jean-François Champollion announced the transliteration of the Egyptian scripts in 1822.
    • The decoding of the hieroglyphic text was made possible by recognizing that:
      • The stone offered three versions of the same text (1799).
      • The Demotic text used phonetic characters to spell foreign names (1802).
      • The hieroglyphic text did so as well, and had pervasive similarities to the Demotic (1814).
      • Phonetic characters were also used to spell native Egyptian words (1822-1824).

    Historical Context

    • The ancient Egyptian language and script had not been understood since shortly before the fall of the Roman Empire.
    • Monumental use of hieroglyphs ceased as temple priesthoods died out and Egypt was converted to Christianity.
    • The last known inscription is dated to 24 August 394, found at Philae and known as the Graffito of Esmet-Akhom.
    • The last demotic text was written in 452.

    Scholars and Their Contributions

    • Johan David Åkerblad worked on the Demotic script and identified 29 letters (more than half of which were correct).
    • Antoine-Isaac Silvestre de Sacy identified five Greek names in the Demotic text and made other contributions to the decipherment.
    • Thomas Young discovered the phonetic characters "p t o l m e s" in the hieroglyphic text and noted similarities between the hieroglyphic and demotic texts.
    • Jean-François Champollion constructed an alphabet of phonetic hieroglyphic characters and publicly announced his discovery in 1822.

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    Description

    The Rosetta Stone is a stele with inscriptions in Ancient Egyptian and Greek, key to deciphering Egyptian scripts. Learn about its significance and history.

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