Anatomy Summer Class Chapter 5

Which is a major function of the skeletal system?

The skeletal system participates in ________.

In addition to osseous tissue, a typical bone contains ________.

Which of the following is produced within red bone marrow?

Osseous tissue is classified as which of the following?

Organic components of the matrix of bone include ________.

Mature bone cells that maintain and monitor the protein and mineral content of the surrounding matrix are called ________.

Which type of cell divides to produce daughter cells that can differentiate readily after a bone is cracked or broken?

The function of an osteoclast in osseous tissue is ________.

A bone cell that secretes the organic components of bone matrix is ________.

Which of the following is a special characteristic of spongy bone?

In osseous tissue, which of the following is always removing matrix and releasing minerals?

The epiphyseal cartilage connects to the diaphysis by a narrow zone called the ________.

Layers of bone that occur at the external and internal surfaces of the bone are referred to as ________.

The two types of osseous tissue are ________.

Spongy bone is made up of a network of bony spicules arranged into parallel struts or thick, branching plates called ________.

Perforating canals ________.

Which of the following describes a central canal?

The endosteum is best described as ________.

The periosteum ________.

Roofing bones of the skull form via ________ ossification.

Which of the following statements is/are TRUE of the growth of the skeleton?

Endochondral ossification begins with ________.

Regarding long bone formation, bone development proceeds from the ________ in the shaft.

The deposit of calcium salts within a tissue is called ________.

Which of the following occurs during endochondral ossification?

During endochondral bone formation, ________.

A long bone increases in length until ________.

What is the fate of the chondrocytes that are present where bone is forming?

Bones have a vascular supply that is ________.

Which of the following describes how bones are innervated?

What is the mechanism of marrow cavity enlargement in a long bone?

If a long bone that was found at an archaeological dig contained functional epiphyseal plates, what inference is most accurate?

Increased levels of calcium in the blood of a pregnant woman would stimulate the secretion of ________, which would increase calcium loss in the urine.

How do hormones regulate the pattern of bone growth?

Which of the following acts on the intestine, requiring calcitriol production by the kidneys?

Which of the following is the active form of calcitriol?

Each year, approximately ________ of the adult skeleton is demolished and then rebuilt or replaced.

Bone mass reduction occurs initially between the ages of ________.

Which of the following is important as a stimulus that maintains normal bone structure, especially in growing children, postmenopausal women, and elderly men?

The degenerative effects of osteoporosis are most likely to affect ________.

A fracture of a bone that is the result of a twisting stress that spreads along the length of the bone is called a(n) ________.

Which of the following type of fracture produces new and abnormal bone arrangements?

A break in a bone is called ________.

Treating a compound fracture differs from other fractures most significantly due to ________.

During track and field practice one of the runners trips over a hurdle and falls forward. Fortunately, he is able to break his fall with his hands. However, he stands up holding his wrist in pain. What type of fracture might he have sustained?

An example of a pneumatized bone is the ________.

Which of the following is a classification of bone shape?

Which of the following is an example of an irregular bone?

Small, flat, oddly shaped bones that develop between the flat bones of the skull are called ________.

The scapula is an example of what type of bone?

A shallow depression on the surface of a bone is called a ________.

Processes that form where tendons or ligaments attach to a bone include ________.

Which of the following is most likely to have a nerve pass through it?

Which diagnostic procedure detects abnormalities in synovial fluid?

Calcium phosphate interacts with ________ to form hydroxyapatite.

The yellow marrow that fills the medullary cavities of many bones is dominated by ________.

Because they are strong and relatively inflexible, ________ enable bone to withstand the stress of compression.

Because they resist stretch, the ________ fibers provide the tensile strength of bone.

The walls of bones are composed of ________.

________ are struts or plates within spongy bone which assist in withstanding stresses in a specific direction.

The physical process of bone formation is called ________.

As a long bone develops, the point where osteoblasts first replace calcified cartilage with spongy bone becomes the ________, from which further development proceeds.

As cartilage enlarges in step 1 of endochondral ossification, ________ near the center of the shaft increase in size.

The vessels supplying blood to the inner (diaphyseal) surface of each epiphyseal plate, where bone is replacing cartilage, are called ________ vessels.

Blood vessels that supply the ends of long bones are called ________ vessels.

An individual with otherwise normal features, but having very short limbs, may have a condition known as ________, in which epiphyseal cartilages grow unusually slowly.

Differences in body size and proportions between males and females result from the different effects of ________, which affect(s) the growth of the bones.

The simultaneous process of adding new bone and removing previously formed bone is called ________.

After a fracture occurs, a(n) ________ forms as a network of spongy bone unites the inner edges.

A(n) ________ fracture occurs at the ankle and affects both leg bones.

Diploë is spongy bone found in ________ bones.

A prominent ridge on a bone is called a(n) ________.

A small, flat articular surface is a ________.

An extension of a bone that is set at an angle to the rest of the bone is usually called a ________.

A smooth, grooved articular process, shaped like a pulley, is a(n) ________.

A chamber within a bone, normally filled with air, is a(n) ________.

The expanded articular end of an epiphysis, separated from the shaft by a narrower neck, is a(n) ________.

An elongated cleft is a(n) ________.

A ________ is a smooth rounded articular process.

The perforating canals of osteons extend roughly perpendicular to the surface of a bone.

The central canal of an osteon usually runs parallel to the surface of a bone.

The lacuna contains osteoblasts and osteoclasts.

The central canals connect the lacunae to one another.

The endosteum is usually many layers thick.

The diaphysis is the region at each end of a long bone.

Periosteum lines the medullary cavity.

Periosteum covers the outer surface of a bone.

The metaphysis is the tubular shaft of a long bone.

A displaced fracture retains the normal alignment of the bone elements or fragments.

A compression fracture occurs particularly in vertebrae subjected to extreme stress, such as when landing on the sacrum after a fall.

A transverse fracture is produced by twisting stresses and spreads along the length of the bone.

Flat bones have a diaphysis, two metaphyses, two epiphyses, and a medullary cavity.

What kind of tissue(s) would most likely be found in a tissue sample taken from the interior of the epiphysis of the femur?

What is the significance of the orientation of the trabeculae in spongy bone? Provide a specific example, discussing how trabecular structure lends to its function(s).

How does an extensive exercise program affect the appearance of the skeleton? Why do these changes occur?

A boy returns to school to begin 7th grade after summer vacation only to find that he is at least four inches taller than several classmates that were the same height as him before the summer. Propose a reason for such a difference.