exam 2 application 1

Scapular Movers

• Rhomboids originate at the spinous processes of C7-T5.
• Rhomboids insert on the medial border of the scapula.
• Rhomboids cause adduction, elevation, and downward rotation of the scapula.
• Serratus Anterior originates on ribs 1-9.
• Serratus Anterior inserts on the anterior surface of the medial scapular border.
• Serratus Anterior causes abduction and upward rotation of the scapula.
• Pectoralis Minor originates on ribs 3-5.
• Pectoralis Minor inserts on the coracoid process of the scapula.
• Pectoralis Minor causes abduction, depression, and downward rotation of the scapula.

Glenohumeral Movers

• Supraspinatus originates in the supraspinous fossa of the scapula.
• Supraspinatus inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus.
• Supraspinatus causes abduction of the arm at the shoulder joint.
• Latissimus Dorsi originates on the spinous processes of T6-L5, iliac crest, and ribs 9-12 muscles
• Latissimus Dorsi inserts in the intertubercular groove of the humerus.
• Latissimus Dorsi causes extension, adduction, horizontal abduction, and internal rotation of the arm.
• Pectoralis Major originates on the clavicle, sternum, and ribs 1-6.
• Pectoralis Major inserts in the intertubercular groove of the humerus.
• Pectoralis Major causes flexion, adduction, internal rotation, horizontal adduction, abduction, and extension from a flexed position.
• Coracobrachialis originates on the coracoid process of the scapula.
• Coracobrachialis inserts on the medial mid-humerus.
• Coracobrachialis causes horizontal adduction of the arm.
• Subscapularis originates on the subscapular fossa of the scapula.
• Subscapularis inserts on the lesser tubercle of the humerus.
• Subscapularis causes internal rotation, adduction, and extension of the arm.

Elbow and Radioulnar Movers

• Brachialis originates on the distal anterior humerus.
• Brachialis inserts on the coronoid process of the ulna.
• Brachialis causes elbow flexion.
• Brachioradialis originates on the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus.
• Brachioradialis inserts on the styloid process of the radius.
• Brachioradialis causes elbow flexion and assists with supination/pronation.
• Pronator Teres originates on the medial epicondyle of the humerus and coronoid process of the ulna.
• Pronator Teres inserts on the lateral surface of the radius.
• Pronator Teres causes forearm pronation and weak elbow flexion.
• Supinator originates on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and ulna.
• Supinator inserts on the lateral surface of the radius.
• Supinator causes forearm supination.

Wrist Movers

• Flexor Carpi Radialis originates on the medial epicondyle of the humerus.
• Flexor Carpi Radialis inserts on the base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals.
• Flexor Carpi Radialis causes wrist flexion and radial deviation.
• Flexor Digitorum Superficialis originates on the medial epicondyle of the humerus.
• Flexor Digitorum Superficialis inserts on the middle phalanges of fingers 2-5.
• Flexor Digitorum Superficialis causes finger flexion and wrist flexion.
• Extensor Digitorum originates on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.
• Extensor Digitorum inserts on the distal phalanges of fingers 2-5.
• Extensor Digitorum causes finger extension and wrist extension.

Shoulder Girdle

• Scapular movements should be identified.
• The sternoclavicular (SC) joint is the primary joint responsible for motion in the shoulder girdle.
• Scapular movements should be recognized in video demonstrations.
• Shoulder girdle movers do not cause glenohumeral movement.
• Shoulder girdle movers stabilize the scapula for efficient arm movement.
• Glenohumeral movers do not cause shoulder girdle movement.
• Glenohumeral movement depends on scapular positioning.

Shoulder/Glenohumeral Joint

• Glenohumeral movements should be identified.
• Abduction of the shoulder joint corresponds with upward rotation of the shoulder girdle.
• Adduction of the shoulder joint corresponds with downward rotation of the shoulder girdle.
• Flexion of the shoulder joint corresponds with upward rotation of the shoulder girdle.
• Extension of the shoulder joint corresponds with downward rotation of the shoulder girdle.
• Horizontal abduction of the shoulder joint corresponds with protraction of the shoulder girdle.
• Horizontal adduction of the shoulder joint corresponds with retraction of the shoulder girdle.
• Supraspinatus causes shoulder abduction
• Infraspinatus causes external rotation.
• Teres Minor causes external rotation.
• Subscapularis causes internal rotation.

Elbow and Radioulnar Joints

• The elbow joint is a hinge joint and allows flexion/extension.
• The radioulnar joint is a pivot joint that allows pronation/supination.
• The most movable forearm bone is the radius.

Hand and Wrist

• The carpal tunnel is a passageway in the wrist where the median nerve and tendons pass through.
• Bones forming the wrist joint include the radius and proximal carpals (scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum).
• Wrist movements should be identified: flexion, extension, radial deviation, and ulnar deviation.
• Most wrist extensors originate at the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.
• Most wrist flexors originate at the medial epicondyle of the humerus.

General Movement Analysis Study Tips

• Concentric Phase: Muscle shortens
• Eccentric Phase: Muscle lengthens
• Recognizing shoulder movement when not in anatomical position
• Identifying joint movement when multiple joints are moving (e.g., shoulder + elbow)