Anatomy & Physiology Saladin 9th Edition: Heart Valve Structure Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of arteries in the circulatory system?

  • Allow the heart to expand and contract
  • Carry blood from the heart to capillaries (correct)
  • Exchange materials with interstitial fluid
  • Carry blood from capillaries to the heart

Where is the location of the heart described in the text?

  • Below the diaphragm
  • Above the lungs (correct)
  • To the right side of the body
  • Between the kidneys

Which membrane lining forms the epicardium of the heart?

  • Visceral layer of serous pericardium (correct)
  • Pericardial cavity
  • Parietal layer of serous pericardium
  • Fibrous pericardium

What is the purpose of the pericardial fluid in the heart?

<p>Reduces friction between layers when heart contracts and expands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the heart wall provides force for contraction?

<p>Myocardium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of veins in the circulatory system?

<p>Carry blood from capillaries to the heart (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the broad base of the heart attached to?

<p>Large blood vessels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the pericardium is described as a tough, unyielding membrane?

<p>Outer fibrous pericardium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of the presentation on the cardiovascular system?

<p>To describe the protective coverings of the heart. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of blood do blue-colored blood vessels carry according to the text?

<p>Deoxygenated blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the conducting system of the heart?

<p>Regulate heart rate and contraction strength (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins, what is a major difference between arteries and veins?

<p>Thickness of walls (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of capillaries in the cardiovascular system?

<p>Exchange materials between blood and interstitial fluid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are systemic and pulmonary circuits compared in terms of blood oxygenation?

<p><strong>Systemic</strong> circuit carries oxygenated blood, while <strong>pulmonary</strong> circuit carries deoxygenated blood. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the cardiovascular system is primarily responsible for regulating blood pressure?

<p><strong>Arterioles</strong> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant function of major systemic veins discussed in the text?

<p><strong>Drain</strong> organs or body regions by returning deoxygenated blood to the heart. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the AV valves close and the semilunar valves open?

<p>Ventricular systole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the heart sounds described as 'lub' and 'dup'?

<p>Closing of the AV valves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which valve closes to prevent backflow from the arteries into the ventricles during the cardiac cycle?

<p>Aortic valve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of atrial systole in the cardiac cycle?

<p>Forces blood into the ventricles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event marks the beginning of ventricular diastole in the cardiac cycle?

<p>Closing of the semilunar valves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to blood pressure within a chamber during diastole in the cardiac cycle?

<p>Decreases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of atrial contraction during the cardiac cycle?

<p>Forces blood into relaxed ventricles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cardiac cycle involves an increase in blood pressure within the ventricles?

<p>Ventricular systole (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor determines the cardiac output?

<p>Stroke volume (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which wave in an ECG represents ventricular repolarization?

<p>T wave (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the repolarization of the atria not detected in an ECG?

<p>It is masked by the stronger QRS complex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to cardiac output during exercise?

<p>Increases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the cardiac cycle, at what point is the blood forced into the pulmonary trunk and aorta?

<p>During ventricular depolarization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is responsible for the greater size of the QRS complex in an ECG?

<p>Greater muscle mass of the ventricles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What instrument is used to record the electrical current generated by the heart's conducting system?

<p>Electrocardiograph (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating cardiac output?

<p>$CO = SV x HR$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of heart valve is located at the base of the large arteries that carry blood from the ventricles?

<p>Semilunar valve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of tendinous cords in the heart valve structure?

<p>Prevent inversion of valve cusps (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vessel returns blood from the head, neck, shoulders, upper limbs, and thoracic and lumbar regions to the right atrium?

<p>Superior vena cava (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of semilunar valves in the heart?

<p>Prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the aortic valve located in the heart?

<p>Between left ventricle and aorta (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What purpose do thin strands of dense regular connective tissue serve in heart valves?

<p>Support valve cusps (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which valve controls the opening from the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk?

<p>Pulmonary valve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is there a need for electrical insulation between the atria and ventricles in the heart?

<p>To enable independent contraction of atria and ventricles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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