Anatomy & Physiology Saladin 9th Edition: Heart Valve Structure Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of arteries in the circulatory system?

  • Allow the heart to expand and contract
  • Carry blood from the heart to capillaries (correct)
  • Exchange materials with interstitial fluid
  • Carry blood from capillaries to the heart

    • Where is the location of the heart described in the text?

  • Below the diaphragm
  • Above the lungs (correct)
  • To the right side of the body
  • Between the kidneys

    • Which membrane lining forms the epicardium of the heart?

  • Visceral layer of serous pericardium (correct)
  • Pericardial cavity
  • Parietal layer of serous pericardium
  • Fibrous pericardium

    • What is the purpose of the pericardial fluid in the heart?

    <p>Reduces friction between layers when heart contracts and expands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the heart wall provides force for contraction?

    <p>Myocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of veins in the circulatory system?

    <p>Carry blood from capillaries to the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the broad base of the heart attached to?

    <p>Large blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the pericardium is described as a tough, unyielding membrane?

    <p>Outer fibrous pericardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of the presentation on the cardiovascular system?

    <p>To describe the protective coverings of the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blood do blue-colored blood vessels carry according to the text?

    <p>Deoxygenated blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the conducting system of the heart?

    <p>Regulate heart rate and contraction strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins, what is a major difference between arteries and veins?

    <p>Thickness of walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of capillaries in the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Exchange materials between blood and interstitial fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are systemic and pulmonary circuits compared in terms of blood oxygenation?

    <p><strong>Systemic</strong> circuit carries oxygenated blood, while <strong>pulmonary</strong> circuit carries deoxygenated blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the cardiovascular system is primarily responsible for regulating blood pressure?

    <p><strong>Arterioles</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant function of major systemic veins discussed in the text?

    <p><strong>Drain</strong> organs or body regions by returning deoxygenated blood to the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the AV valves close and the semilunar valves open?

    <p>Ventricular systole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the heart sounds described as 'lub' and 'dup'?

    <p>Closing of the AV valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which valve closes to prevent backflow from the arteries into the ventricles during the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Aortic valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of atrial systole in the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Forces blood into the ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event marks the beginning of ventricular diastole in the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Closing of the semilunar valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to blood pressure within a chamber during diastole in the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of atrial contraction during the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Forces blood into relaxed ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cardiac cycle involves an increase in blood pressure within the ventricles?

    <p>Ventricular systole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor determines the cardiac output?

    <p>Stroke volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which wave in an ECG represents ventricular repolarization?

    <p>T wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the repolarization of the atria not detected in an ECG?

    <p>It is masked by the stronger QRS complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to cardiac output during exercise?

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the cardiac cycle, at what point is the blood forced into the pulmonary trunk and aorta?

    <p>During ventricular depolarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is responsible for the greater size of the QRS complex in an ECG?

    <p>Greater muscle mass of the ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What instrument is used to record the electrical current generated by the heart's conducting system?

    <p>Electrocardiograph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating cardiac output?

    <p>$CO = SV x HR$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of heart valve is located at the base of the large arteries that carry blood from the ventricles?

    <p>Semilunar valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of tendinous cords in the heart valve structure?

    <p>Prevent inversion of valve cusps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vessel returns blood from the head, neck, shoulders, upper limbs, and thoracic and lumbar regions to the right atrium?

    <p>Superior vena cava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of semilunar valves in the heart?

    <p>Prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the aortic valve located in the heart?

    <p>Between left ventricle and aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What purpose do thin strands of dense regular connective tissue serve in heart valves?

    <p>Support valve cusps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which valve controls the opening from the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk?

    <p>Pulmonary valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is there a need for electrical insulation between the atria and ventricles in the heart?

    <p>To enable independent contraction of atria and ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

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