Anatomy and Physiology of the Heart
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the fibrous skeleton of the heart?

  • To provide attachment for the heart valves and myocardium (correct)
  • To regulate the blood flow through the coronary arteries
  • To aid in the contraction of the myocardium
  • To separate the atria and ventricles electrically

Which structure separates the four chambers of the heart internally?

  • Atrioventricular sulcus
  • Interventricular septum (correct)
  • Interatrial septum
  • Atrioventricular septum

What is the functional significance of the different thicknesses of the myocardium in different heart chambers?

  • It facilitates oxygen exchange between the blood and myocardial tissue
  • It allows for rapid conduction of electrical signals through the heart
  • It supports efficient pumping of blood out of the heart chambers (correct)
  • It helps in maintaining blood pressure during systole

Which term is used to describe the twisting movement of blood within the heart chambers?

<p>Vortex flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of papillary muscles and tendinous cords in the heart?

<p>To support and stabilize the heart valves during contractions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is coronary artery blood flow greater when the heart relaxes than when it contracts?

<p>To maximize perfusion of myocardial tissue during diastole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vessels supplement the major veins draining the myocardium?

<p>Coronary sinus and smaller cardiac veins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the fibrous skeleton of the heart?

<p>To provide attachment for the heart valves and myocardium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which histological difference distinguishes the three layers of the heart wall?

<p>Arrangement of collagen fibers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structures separate the four chambers of the heart externally?

<p>Sulci (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used to describe the twisting movement of blood within the heart chambers?

<p>Vortex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the structural differences between the heart valves?

<p>To prevent backflow of blood between chambers during contraction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack?

<p>Blockage of coronary arteries by blood clots or plaques (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is coronary artery blood flow greater when the heart relaxes than when it contracts?

<p>To maximize nutrient and oxygen delivery to the myocardium during relaxation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the fibrous skeleton of the heart?

<p>To provide attachment for the heart valves and myocardium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional significance of the different thicknesses of the myocardium in different heart chambers?

<p>To withstand the high pressure generated during ventricular contraction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the names and synonyms for all four valves of the heart?

<p>Atrioventricular, pulmonary, semilunar, bicuspid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the vortex of the heart?

<p>It allows for the twisting movement of blood within the heart chambers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structural differences between the valves have anatomical and functional significance?

<p>Their shape and size (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes coronary artery blood flow to be greater when the heart relaxes than when it contracts?

<p>Relaxation of arterial walls during diastole (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the path of blood flow through the heart chambers and valves?

<p>Right atrium -&gt; right ventricle -&gt; pulmonary artery -&gt; lungs -&gt; pulmonary vein -&gt; left atrium -&gt; left ventricle -&gt; aorta -&gt; rest of body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the coronary arteries?

<p>To supply oxygenated blood to the myocardium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which histological difference distinguishes the three layers of the heart wall?

<p>Density of elastic fibers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional significance of the different thicknesses of the myocardium in different heart chambers?

<p>To adjust cardiac output based on demand (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack?

<p>Obstruction of blood flow in a coronary artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the vortex of the heart?

<p>It enhances mixing of blood within the heart chambers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vessels supplement the major veins draining the myocardium?

<p>Coronary sinus and small cardiac veins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the fibrous skeleton of the heart?

<p>To provide attachment points for cardiac muscle fibers and valves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional significance of the different thicknesses of the myocardium in different heart chambers?

<p>Assisting in the generation of pressure to pump blood to different parts of the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the structural differences between the heart valves?

<p>Preventing backflow of blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the vortex of the heart?

<p>Creating turbulence and aiding in mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack?

<p>Coronary artery blockage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is coronary artery blood flow greater when the heart relaxes than when it contracts?

<p>To allow for increased blood flow during relaxation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the papillary muscles and tendinous cords in the heart?

<p>Supporting and stabilizing the heart valves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the histological differences that distinguish the three layers of the heart wall?

<p>Presence of smooth muscle fibers, collagen, and elastin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional significance of the fibrous skeleton of the heart?

<p>It provides structural support to the heart and prevents overexpansion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which histological difference distinguishes the three layers of the heart wall?

<p>Density of collagen fibers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the vortex of the heart?

<p>It ensures unidirectional blood flow through the heart chambers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack?

<p>Blockage in one or more coronary arteries leading to reduced blood flow to the heart (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of papillary muscles and tendinous cords in the heart?

<p>To regulate the opening and closing of the atrioventricular valves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is coronary artery blood flow greater when the heart relaxes than when it contracts?

<p>Contraction of the heart compresses coronary arteries, reducing blood flow. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical and functional significance of the structural differences between the valves in the heart?

<p>They prevent backflow of blood and ensure unidirectional flow through the heart. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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