Anatomy LE 1: Upper Limb: Nerve Supply
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of cutaneous innervation?

  • To regulate body temperature
  • To control muscle movement
  • To provide sensation to the skin (correct)
  • To facilitate bone growth

    • What is the name of the nerve that supplies the muscle compartment of the arm?

  • Musculocutaneous Nerve
  • Radial Nerve
  • Ulnar Nerve
  • Axillary Nerve (correct)

    • What is the term for the areas of skin supplied by specific segments of the spinal cord?

  • Sclerotomes
  • Myotomes
  • Dermatomes (correct)
  • Osteotomes

    • What is the name of the classification system used to describe injuries to the brachial plexus?

    <p>Power Modification of Leffert Classification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the brachial plexus?

    <p>To control movement of the upper limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for supplying the muscle compartment of the forearm?

    <p>Musculocutaneous Nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the types of nerve fibers that control muscle movement?

    <p>Motor Innervation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of an injury to the long thoracic nerve?

    <p>Weakness of the shoulders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the serratus anterior muscle do?

    <p>Pulls the scapula forward and around the ribcage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sign of a winging of the right scapula?

    <p>Right scapula is prominent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnosis of Erb's Palsy?

    <p>When the baby's hand is in a waiter's tip position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Shoulder Dystocia?

    <p>Obstructive labor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the position of the baby's hand in Erb's Palsy?

    <p>Waiter's tip position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nerve affected in winging of the scapula?

    <p>Long thoracic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition that occurs when the anterior shoulder of the infant does not come out after the delivery of the head?

    <p>Shoulder dystocia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of excessive angulation between the neck and the shoulders?

    <p>Shoulder dystocia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition caused by injury to the lower brachial plexus, resulting in wrist drop or claw hand?

    <p>Klumpke's Palsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is affected in Honeymoon Palsy?

    <p>Radial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Klumpke's Palsy in obstetric cases?

    <p>Difficulty during vaginal delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inability to extend the wrist and fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joints?

    <p>Wrist drop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of palsy caused by compression of the radial nerve?

    <p>Klumpke's Palsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resulting position of the wrist in wrist drop due to gravity?

    <p>Partly flexed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve roots are affected in Klumpke's Palsy?

    <p>C8 and T1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Horner's Syndrome in Klumpke's Palsy?

    <p>Interruption of fibers to the cervical sympathetic trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Klumpke's Palsy?

    <p>Weak grasp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nerve that supplies the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle?

    <p>Ulnar nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the interosseous membrane in the forearm?

    <p>To separate the anterior and posterior compartments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the forearm?

    <p>Radial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Musculocutaneous nerve?

    <p>To provide sensory innervation to the lateral forearm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the ulnar half of the flexor digitorum profundus?

    <p>Ulnar nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Guyon's Canal?

    <p>To allow the ulnar nerve to pass through to the hand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nerve that supplies the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle?

    <p>Radial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cutaneous innervation of the lateral forearm?

    <p>Lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nerve that supplies the brachialis muscle?

    <p>Musculocutaneous nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of median nerve injury?

    <p>Numbness in the thumb, index, and middle fingers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sign of injury to the long thoracic nerve?

    <p>Winging of the scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is thenar atrophy caused by?

    <p>Carpal tunnel syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is claw hand deformity caused by?

    <p>Injury to the ulnar nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the nerve that supplies the thenar muscle?

    <p>Median nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common manifestation of median nerve injury?

    <p>Difficulty raising the arm to brush hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is atrophy of the deltoid muscle a sign of?

    <p>Injury to the axillary nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Musculocutaneous Nerve

    • The musculocutaneous nerve pierces the coracobrachialis muscle and then goes between the brachialis and biceps brachii muscles.
    • It gives cutaneous innervation to the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm.
    • Helpful mnemonic: MMR (Musculocutaneous, Median, Radial)

    Forearm Anatomy

    • The forearm is divided into anterior and posterior compartments by an interosseous membrane.
    • Anterior compartment: flexors, pronator, and nerve supply from the median nerve (except for Flexor Carpi Ulnaris and ulnar half of Flexor Digitorum Profundus).
    • Posterior compartment: extensors, supinator, and nerve supply from the radial nerve.

    Nerve Supply of the Upper Limb

    • Radial nerve supplies all muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm and serves motor and sensory functions in the arm and forearm.
    • Ulnar nerve innervates only one and a half muscles (Flexor Carpi Ulnaris and ulnar half of Flexor Digitorum Profundus).
    • Cutaneous innervation of the arm:
      • Lateral cutaneous nerve: a continuation of the musculocutaneous nerve.
      • Middle cutaneous nerve: an independent branch of the medial cord.
      • Posterior cutaneous nerve: from the radial nerve.

    Injuries to the Upper Trunk

    • Erb's Palsy (Erb-Duchenne's Palsy): a specific case of obstetric injury that occurs during delivery, where the shoulder fails to deliver shortly after the delivery of the head.
    • Injury to the long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, and C7) results in weakness of the shoulders and winging of the scapula.

    Median Nerve Injury

    • Characterized by:
      • Awakening with tingling and/or pain in the thumb, index, and middle fingers.
      • Gradual numbness of fingers while driving.
      • Difficulty raising the arm to brush hair.
      • Atrophy of thenar muscles.
    • Caused by:
      • Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.
      • High-velocity gunshot wounds.

    Ulnar Nerve Injury

    • Characterized by:
      • Claw hand deformity.
      • Atrophy of the hypothegar compartment.

    Brachial Plexus

    • Injuries to the brachial plexus can result in various types of palsy, such as:
      • Erb's Palsy.
      • Klumpke's Palsy.
      • Saturday Night Palsy (Honeymoon Palsy).
      • Crutches Palsy.

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