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Questions and Answers
Which structure encloses the proximal parts of the femoral vessels?
What divides the femoral sheath into three compartments?
Where is the femoral canal located in relation to the femoral sheath?
What structure permits the femoral vein to expand during increased venous return?
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Which muscle separates the anterior and lateral boundaries of the Adductor Canal?
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What covers the posterior boundary of the Adductor Canal?
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Which structure forms the medial boundary of the Adductor Canal?
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Which of the following is the most correct regarding the superficial veins of the lower limb?
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Which of the following is the correct description of the great saphenous vein?
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Which of the following is the correct description of the lymphatic drainage of the lower limb?
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Which of the following veins is considered a deep vein of the lower limb?
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Which of the following statements about the venous drainage of the lower limb is correct?
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Which of the following lymph nodes receives drainage from the lymphatic vessels accompanying the great saphenous vein?
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Which of the following veins is considered a superficial vein of the lower limb?
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Which of the following statements about the deep veins of the lower limb is correct?
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Which of the following lymph nodes receives drainage from the lymphatic vessels accompanying the small saphenous vein?
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Which of the following veins is considered a superficial vein of the lower limb?
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What is the primary function of the sartorius muscle?
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Which muscle is the largest in the adductor group?
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What is the function of the obturator externus muscle?
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Which muscle crosses the knee joint and is the most superficial of the adductor group?
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What is the function of the pectineus muscle?
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Which nerve innervates the tensor fasciae latae muscle?
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What is the function of the adductor hiatus?
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What is the floor of the femoral triangle?
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Which muscle of the quadriceps femoris group is considered an articular muscle of the knee?
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What is the primary function of the quadriceps femoris muscle group?
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Study Notes
Femoral Sheath and its Contents
- Femoral sheath is a fascial tube, extending from 3-4 cm inferior to the inguinal ligament
- It encloses the proximal parts of the femoral vessels
- Formed by the inferior prolongation of transversalis and iliopsoas fascia from the abdomen
Compartments of the Femoral Sheath
- Divided into three compartments by a vertical septum
- Lateral compartment: for the femoral artery
- Intermediate compartment: for the femoral vein
- Medial compartment: femoral canal
Femoral Canal
- Smallest compartment, lies between the medial border of the femoral sheath and femoral vein
- The base of the canal looks superiorly (abdominal end)
- Contains loose connective tissue, fat, lymphatic vessels, and sometimes deep inguinal lymph node (Cloquet’s node)
Femoral Ring
- Boundaries: laterally by a septum separating the femoral vein from the femoral canal
- Medially by lacunar ligament
- Posteriorly by the superior ramus of the pubis, covered by the pectineus and its fascia
- Anteriorly by the inguinal ligament
Adductor Canal (Subsartorial Canal; Hunter’s Canal)
- 15 cm long, tunnel in the thigh, running from the apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus in the tendon of the adductor magnus
- Boundaries:
- Anteriorly and laterally by vastus medialis
- Posteriorly by the adductor longus and magnus
- Medially by sartorius and vastoadductor membrane
- Contents: femoral artery, femoral vein, saphenous nerve, and nerve to vastus medialis
Femoral Artery and its Branches
- Superficial epigastric artery
- Superficial circumflex iliac artery
- Superficial external pudendal artery
- Deep external pudendal artery
Venous Drainage of the Lower Limb
- Superficial veins: great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein
- Deep veins: accompany the arteries
- Both superficial and deep veins have valves
Lymphatic Drainage of the Lower Limb
- Superficial lymphatic vessels accompany the saphenous veins and their branches
- Lymph vessels that accompany the great saphenous vein → superficial inguinal lymph nodes
- Lymph vessels that accompany the small saphenous vein → popliteal lymph nodes
Antero-Medial Aspect of Thigh
- Compartments of the thigh: anterior, medial, and posterior
- Functions of each compartment:
- Anterior: flexor of the hip, extensor of the knee
- Medial: adductor of the thigh
- Posterior: hamstring muscles, extensor of the thigh, and flexor of the leg
Quadriceps Femoris
- Great extensor of the leg at the knee during climbing, running, jumping, rising from a sitting position, and walking up and down stairs
- Consists of:
- Vastus medialis
- Vastus lateralis
- Vastus intermedius
- Rectus femoris
Adductor Group
- Adductor longus
- Adductor brevis
- Adductor magnus
- Gracilis
- Obturator externus
Adductor Longus
- Fan-shaped muscle, most anteriorly placed of the adductor group
- Origin: body of the pubis
- Insertion: linea aspera
- Nerve: obturator nerve
- Function: adducts the thigh
Adductor Brevis
- Deep to the pectineus and adductor longus
- Origin: body and inferior ramus of the pubis
- Insertion: linea aspera
- Nerve: obturator nerve
Adductor Magnus
- Largest muscle in the adductor group
- Adductor and hamstring parts
- Adductor part: origin from the inferior ramus of the pubis and ramus of the ischium
- Insertion: gluteal tuberosity and linea aspera
- Nerve: obturator nerve
- Function: adducts the thigh, flexes the thigh
Gracilis
- Most superficial of the adductor group
- Crosses the knee joint
- Origin: body and inferior ramus of the pubis
- Insertion: superior part of the medial surface of the tibia
- Nerve: obturator nerve
- Function: adducts the thigh, flexes and medially rotates the leg
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Description
Test your knowledge on the compartments and muscles of the thigh, including their functions and actions. This quiz covers the antero-medial, anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh, focusing on muscles like semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris.
