Antero-Medial Aspect of Thigh.pdf

Antero-Medial Aspect of Thigh Compartments of Thigh Anterior → flexor of the hip, extansor of the knee  medial→ adduct the thigh  posterior → hamstring muscles, extansor of the thigh, flexor of the leg especially during walking  Compartments of Thigh ❑ ❑ ❑ 1. 2. 3. ▪ anterior → flexor of the hip,...

Antero-Medial Aspect of Thigh Compartments of Thigh Anterior → flexor of the hip, extansor of the knee  medial→ adduct the thigh  posterior → hamstring muscles, extansor of the thigh, flexor of the leg especially during walking  Compartments of Thigh ❑ ❑ ❑ 1. 2. 3. ▪ anterior → flexor of the hip, extansor of the knee medial→ adduct the thigh posterior → hamstring muscles Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Long head of biceps femoris extansor of the thigh, flexor of the leg especially during walking Anterior Thigh Muscles ❖ Pectineus ❖ Iliopsoas ❖ Tensor of fascia lata ❖ Sartorius ❖ Quadriceps femoris Quadriceps femoris   great extansor of the leg at knee during climbing, running, jumping,rising from the sitting position, and walking up and down stairs Quadriceps femoris Vastus medialis  Vastus lateralis  Vastus intermedius  Rectus femoris   Articular muscle of knee Quadriceps Femoris    Rectus femoris: This ‘kicking muscle’ received its name because it runs straight down the thigh O: Anterior inferior iliac spine I: Base of the patella Quadriceps Femoris Vastus medialis ❑ O: Intertrochanteric line & medial lip of linea aspera  Quadriceps Femoris   Vastus Lateralis: O: Greater trochanter & lateral lip of linea aspera Quadriceps Femoris   Vastus intermedius O: anterior & lateral surfaces of body Articular muscle of the knee (articularis genus) ❑ ❑ ❑ derived from the vastus intermedius attach superiorly anterior aspect of the femur & inferiorly suprapatellar bursa pulls the synovial capsule superiorly during the extension of leg Pectineus muscle located in the anterior part of the superomedial aspect of thigh ❖ O: superior ramus ❖ I: pectineal line of femur ❖ Function of the Pectineus  flexes, adducts & medially rotates the thigh  usually femoral nerve (obturator n) Tensor of Fascia Lata  fusiform muscle is enclosed with two layers of fascia lata  O:ASIS, iliac crest  I: iliotibial tract  N: superior gluteal n Tensor of Fascia Lata Flexes medially rotated tigh  Abduct thigh  helps the extension of leg  Sartorius muscle    ❖ ❖ tailor’s muscle lateral to medial across two joints O: ASIS, ant part of iliac crest I: Medial surface of tibia Function of the Sartorius muscle I: pes anserinus: gracilissemitendinosussartorius F: Flexion, abduction & lateral rotation of thigh; flexes and medially rotates the leg Function of the Sartorius muscle  The actions of both sartorius muscle bring the lower limbs into the cross-legged sitting position Medial thigh muscles adductor group ❖ adductor longus ❖ adductor brevis ❖ adductor magnus ❖ gracilis ❖ obturator externus ❑ Anterior View Anterior View Posterior View Posterior View Anterior View Adductor longus fan-shaped m is the most anteriorly placed of the adductor group ▪ O: body of the pubis inferior to the pubic crest ▪ I: linea aspera ▪ N: obturator n ▪ F: adducts the thigh ▪ Adductor brevis deep to the pectineus & adductor longus  O: body & inferior ramus of the pubis  I: linea aspera  N: obturator n  Adductor magnus  Adductor magnus is the largest muscle in the adductor group  adductor & hamstring parts  adductor part: inf ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium I: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera N: obturator n F: adduct the thigh; flexes the thigh    Adductor magnus Hamstring part  O: ischial tuberosity  I: adductor tubercle  N: tibial n  adducts & extends thigh  Adductor hiatus is the opening located on the tendon of the abductor magnus  transmit the femoral artery & vein from the adductor canal in the thigh to the popliteal fossa post to the knee  Gracilis       most superficial one only this muscle cross the knee joint O: body & inf ramus of pubis I: superior part of medial surf of tibia N: obt n F: adducts thigh, flexes and medially rotates the leg Obturator externus     lies superomedial part of the thigh O: obturator memdrane I:trochanteric fossa F: laterally rotate the thigh Femoral Triangle is the region between the trunk & lower limb it appears as a triangular depression inferior to the inguinal lig Femoral Triangle  Floor: Iliopsoas & pectineus (From lat to med)  Roof: fascia lata& cribriform fascia, subcutaneous tissue & skin Femoral Triangle Contents of the triangle Femoral n. & its branches Femoral sheath & its contents Femoral a. & its branches Femoral v. & its branches (great saphenous v. & deep femoral v.) ❑ Femoral sheath is a fascial tube, extending from 3 or 4 cm inferior to the inguinal lig  encloses the proximal parts of the femoral vessels  formed by the inferior prolongation of transversalis & iliopsoas fascia from the abdomen  Femoral sheath  is divided into three compartments by the vertical septum compartments of the femoral sheath are: Lateral → for the femoral a. Intermediate→ for the femoral v. Medial→ is the femoral canal Femoral canal    smallest compartment lies between the medial border of femoral sheath & femoral v the base of the canal looks superiorly (abdominal end)→femoral ring Clinical importance of femoral canal ❑ permits the femoral v to expand when venous return from the lower limb is increased ❑ contains loose connective tissue, fat, lymphatic vessels & sometimes deep inguinal lymph node (Cloquet’s node) Femoral ring      boundaries of the femoral ring are: laterally: septum which seperate the femoral vein from the femoral canal medially: lacunar lig posteriorly: superior ramus of pubis covered by the pectineus & its fascia anteriorly: inguinal lig Adductor canal (subsartorial canal; Hunter’s canal) 15 cm long  tunnel in the thigh running from the apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus in the tendon of adductor magnus  Boundaries of Adductor Canal Anteriorly & laterally: vastus medialis  Posteriorly: adductor longus & magnus  Medially : sartorius & vastoadductor membrane  Contents of the Adductor canal Femoral a, v  Saphenous n  Nerve to vastus medialis  Popliteal fossa Femoral Artery superficial epigastric a. superficial circumflex iliac a. superficial external pudental a. deep external pudental a Venous Drainage of the lower limb has superficial & deep veins  superficial v → subcutaneous tissue, deep v→accompany with the arteries  these veins have valves  Superficial veins of the lower limb  ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ Great saphenous v: formed by the union of dorsal vein of great toe & dorsal venous arch ascend ant to the medial malleolus passes posterior to the medial condyle of femur empty into femoral v Superficial veins of the lower limb small saphaneous v Deep veins of the lower limb Lympathetic drainage of the lower limb Superficial lympathetic vessels accompany the saphenous veins and their branches  Lymph v which accompany with the GSV → superficial inguinal lymph nodes  most of them→ External iliac lymph nodes (sometimes deep ing lymph nodes)  Lym v which accompany with the SSV → popliteal lymph nodes 