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Questions and Answers
What is the primary action of the soleus muscle?
What is the primary action of the soleus muscle?
- Knee flexion
- Hip extension
- Plantar Flexion only (correct)
- Dorsiflexion
Which nerve is responsible for innervating the soleus muscle?
Which nerve is responsible for innervating the soleus muscle?
- Sciatic nerve
- Femoral nerve
- Peroneal nerve
- Tibial nerve (correct)
During which position should the strength of the soleus be tested to isolate its action from the gastrocnemius?
During which position should the strength of the soleus be tested to isolate its action from the gastrocnemius?
- Knee extended and ankle plantar flexed
- Knee extended and ankle dorsiflexed
- Knee flexed and ankle dorsiflexed
- Knee flexed and ankle plantar flexed (correct)
What are the origins of the soleus muscle?
What are the origins of the soleus muscle?
Which of the following actions is NOT performed by the gastrocnemius muscle?
Which of the following actions is NOT performed by the gastrocnemius muscle?
What is the primary action of the semitendinosus muscle at the knee joint?
What is the primary action of the semitendinosus muscle at the knee joint?
Which nerve is responsible for supplying the semitendinosus muscle?
Which nerve is responsible for supplying the semitendinosus muscle?
Where does the semitendinosus muscle originate?
Where does the semitendinosus muscle originate?
Which statement accurately describes the iliopsoas muscle's role in hip flexion?
Which statement accurately describes the iliopsoas muscle's role in hip flexion?
Which structure does the iliopsoas muscle pass under to reach the hip joint?
Which structure does the iliopsoas muscle pass under to reach the hip joint?
What is the primary function of the gluteus maximus muscle?
What is the primary function of the gluteus maximus muscle?
Which nerve primarily innervates the gluteus maximus muscle?
Which nerve primarily innervates the gluteus maximus muscle?
Which of the following muscles is located in the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Which of the following muscles is located in the posterior compartment of the thigh?
How does the tensor fascia lata contribute to movement?
How does the tensor fascia lata contribute to movement?
Where does the gluteus maximus muscle originate?
Where does the gluteus maximus muscle originate?
Which action is associated with the iliotibial band?
Which action is associated with the iliotibial band?
The insertion point of the gluteus maximus muscle is at the:
The insertion point of the gluteus maximus muscle is at the:
Which muscle group is primarily responsible for extending the hip joint?
Which muscle group is primarily responsible for extending the hip joint?
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Study Notes
Posterior Compartment of the Leg
-
Gastrocnemius
- Action: Plantar Flexion
- Tiptoe test assesses gastrocnemius strength
- Knee flexion removes gastrocnemius action
- Soleus is seen during this test
-
Soleus
- Origin: Shafts of tibia and fibula
- Insertion: Tendo calcaneus into calcaneum
- Nerve Supply: Tibial nerve
- Nerve Roots: S1, S2
Posterior Compartment of the Thigh
- Semitendinosus
- Origin: Ischial tuberosity
- Insertion: Upper medial shaft of tibia
- Nerve Supply: Tibial portion of sciatic nerve
- Nerve Roots: L5; S1, S2
- Action: Flexes and medially rotates leg at knee, extends thigh at hip
- Most medial tendon among the three posterior thigh muscles
- Has a long, prominent tendon
Anterior Compartment of the Thigh
- Iliopsoas
- Prime hip flexor
- Active after 45 degrees of hip flexion
- Abdominals flex the hip before 45 degrees
- Composed of psoas major (medial) and iliacus (lateral) - collectively called iliopsoas
- Passes under the inguinal ligament
Muscles of the Lower Limb
-
Gluteus Maximus
- Thickest muscle in the body
- Mesomorphs have prominent gluteus maximus
- “Butt muscle”
- Forms the iliotibial band with the tensor fascia lata
- Gluteus Maximus blends into the Tensor Fascia Lata (TFL)
- Tightens the iliotibial band to lock the knee
- Shortening the muscle extends the hip
- Origin: Ilium, sacrum, coccyx, and sacrotuberous ligament
- Insertion: Iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity
-
Sartorius
- Located on the lateral surface of the thigh
- Thickest muscle in the body
- Responsible for the prominence of the buttocks
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