Questions and Answers
Which of the following are regions of the vertebral column? (Select all that apply)
The sacrum is part of the cervical region of the vertebral column.
False
What is the role of the intervertebral foramen?
It allows the passage of spinal nerves and blood vessels.
The ______ is the uppermost cervical vertebra.
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Which muscle is primarily responsible for the flexion of the elbow?
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Which of the following is NOT a carpal bone?
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What is the function of the trapezius muscle?
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The ______ process is found on the scapula and serves as a point for muscle attachment.
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Match the following muscles with their primary action:
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Study Notes
Vertebral Column
- Comprises cervical, thoracic, lumbar regions, sacrum, and coccyx.
- Intervertebral foramen provides passage for spinal nerves.
Parts of Typical Vertebra
- Body: weight-bearing part of the vertebra.
- Lamina: connects the spinous process to the transverse processes.
- Transverse process: projects laterally from the vertebra for muscle attachment.
- Inferior articular process/facet: connects with the superior articular process/facet of the next vertebra.
- Vertebral foramen: canal for the spinal cord.
- Spinous process: protrudes posteriorly for muscle and ligament attachment.
- Pedicle: connects the body of the vertebra to its processes.
Unique Cervical Vertebrae and Characteristics
- Bifid spinous process: characteristic of cervical vertebrae.
- Atlas: the first cervical vertebra, supports the skull.
- Dens: a projection on the axis (second cervical vertebra) allowing head rotation.
- Transverse foramen: unique to cervical vertebrae, allows passage of vertebral arteries.
Thoracic Cage
- Composed of the sternum and ribcage, protecting thoracic organs.
- Sternum: consists of three parts - manubrium, sternal body, xiphoid process.
Upper Extremity
- Clavicle connects the upper limb to the trunk; features acromial and sternal ends.
- Scapula: includes the glenoid cavity, coracoid process, acromion process, and various fossae for muscle attachment.
- Humerus is the upper arm bone with critical features like the head, various tubercles, epicondyles, and fossae for joint articulation.
Forearm Bones
- Ulna: has a trochlear notch for articulation with the humerus; features include olecranon and coronoid processes.
- Radius: features the radial tuberosity for muscle attachment and a styloid process for wrist articulation.
Hand and Wrist
- Carpals: eight bones (scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate) form the wrist.
- Metacarpals: five bones that form the hand; phalanges include proximal, middle, and distal segments.
Muscles of the Upper Extremity
- Deltoid: stabilizes glenohumeral joint, principal abductor of the arm.
- Triceps brachii: extends the elbow.
- Biceps brachii: flexes the elbow, supinates the forearm.
- Brachialis and Brachioradialis: both flex the elbow.
- Pronator teres: pronates the forearm.
- Extensor digitorum: extends the fingers.
- Flexor Carpi Ulnaris/Radialis: flex and adduct/abduct the wrist, respectively.
- Flexor Digitorum Superficialis: flexes digits 2-5 at specific joints.
Muscles of the Back and Chest
- Trapezius: elevates and depresses shoulders.
- Pectoralis Major: adducts and internally rotates the humerus.
- Pectoralis Minor: stabilizes scapula on thoracic wall.
- Serratus Anterior: facilitates anterolateral movement of the scapula.
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Description
This quiz covers the different regions and parts of the vertebral column, including the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions, as well as the unique characteristics of each vertebra. Learn about the different processes and foramen that make up the vertebral column.
