Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following bones is NOT considered a cranial bone of the skull?
How many total bones make up the human axial skeleton?
Which of the following lists contains only facial bones?
Which structure does NOT contribute to the axial skeleton?
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Which of the following bones is incorrectly paired with its type?
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Which of the following statements correctly describes the floating ribs?
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What is the primary function of the hyoid bone?
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Which region of the skeleton is primarily associated with the hip girdle?
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Which of the following bones is NOT part of the axial skeleton?
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Which joint connects the clavicle to the sternum?
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Study Notes
Skeletal System Overview
- The skeletal system is crucial for overall body function and physical performance
- It's crucial to understand how different parts of the body work together for improved physical performance
- This chapter covers human body anatomy and physiology
- Anatomy is the study of body parts and structures
- Physiology is the study of how parts and systems function normally
- Pathology is the study of abnormal functioning, the opposite of physiology
- Understanding anatomy and physiology is essential to improve or detect abnormal functioning (pathology) of the body and its parts
- The skeletal system, muscles, circulatory, respiratory, nervous, digestive, and reproductive systems are all part of the human body's complex network
Organization of the Human Body
- The human body is organized into systems
- Systems are made of organs
- Organs are made of tissues
- Tissues are made of cells
Human Body Systems
- Nervous System (brain, spinal cord, nerves)
- Cardiovascular System (heart, blood vessels, blood)
- Respiratory System (nose, windpipe, lungs, respiratory muscles)
- Muscular System (muscles, tendons)
- Skeletal System (bones, joints, ligaments, cartilage)
- Endocrine or Hormonal System (endocrine glands, hormones)
- Digestive or Gastrointestinal System (digestive tract, salivary glands, liver, pancreas)
- Urinary or Renal System (kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra)
- Integumentary System(Skin, hair, nails)
- Immune or Immunological System(White blood cells, lymphatic system)
- Reproductive System (male and female reproductive organs)
Skeletal System Organization
- The skeletal system is divided into two parts for organization:
- Axial skeleton (bones that form the central axis of the body)
- Appendicular skeleton (bones in the upper and lower limbs)
Axial Skeleton
- Skull (cranium)
- Vertebral column (spine)
- Sternum
- Rib cage
Appendicular Skeleton
- Bones of the upper limbs (clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges)
- Bones of the lower limbs (hip bones, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges)
- Bones of the skull: contains 8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones
- Parts of the vertebral column (cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx)
Classification of Bones
- Long bones (e.g., humerus, femur)
- Short bones (e.g., carpals, tarsals)
- Flat bones (e.g., skull bones, ribs)
- Irregular bones (e.g., vertebrae, hip bones)
- Sesamoid bones (e.g., patella)
Vertebral Column
- The vertebral column (spine) consists of multiple vertebrae that are connected by intervertebral discs
Joints or Articulations
- Joints are the connections between bones
- Classification of joints by structure (fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial) and function (immovable, slightly movable, freely movable)
- Fibrous joints (cranial sutures)
- Cartilaginous joints (intervertebral discs)
- Synovial joints (knees, elbows)
Types of Synovial/Diarthroidal Joints
- Hinge joints (e.g., elbow, knee)
- Pivot joints (e.g., neck, radioulnar)
- Condyloid joints (e.g., wrist)
- Saddle joints (e.g., thumb)
- Ball-and-socket joints (e.g., hip, shoulder)
- Gliding joints (e.g., between carpals, tarsals)
Lever Movement Types
- First class lever, E-F-R
- Second class lever, R-F-E
- Third class lever, F-R-E (most common in the human body)
Joint Movements
- Flexion, Extension, Hyperextension, Abduction, Adduction, Circumduction, Medial rotation, Lateral rotation, Inversion, Eversion, Plantar flexion, Dorsiflexion, Elevation, Depression, Pronation, and Supination.
Cartilage
- Cartilage is a type of connective tissue.
- Hyaline cartilage is a type of cartilage.
- Fibrocartilage is a type of cartilage.
- Elastic cartilage is a type of cartilage.
Connective Tissue
- Connective tissue fills the space between organs and structures. This includes tendons, ligaments and fasciae.
Functional Planes
- The human body moves in three imaginary planes: coronal, transverse, and sagittal
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Description
This quiz explores the skeletal system's role in body function and physical performance, alongside the organization of human body systems. It covers the essential concepts of anatomy, physiology, and pathology, emphasizing how different systems collaborate. Understanding the intricate structure and function of the body is key for identifying abnormalities and enhancing physical performance.
