Anatomy of the Oral Cavity and Swallowing
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a boundary of the oral cavity proper?

  • Hard and Soft palate
  • Cheeks (correct)
  • Teeth and dental arches
  • Oropharynx

    • The tongue is innervated only by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).

    False

    What are the two main parts of the palate?

    Hard palate and soft palate

    The ______ orifice is the opening between the esophagus and the stomach.

    <p>cardiac</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following anatomical structures with their corresponding descriptions:

    <p>Palatine tonsils = Lymphoid tissue in the oropharynx Esophagus = Muscular tube connecting the pharynx to the stomach Stomach = J-shaped organ involved in digestion Cardiac orifice = Opening between the esophagus and the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a peritoneal attachment of the stomach?

    <p>Mesentery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The stomach mucosa is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two clinical correlations related to anatomical structures discussed in this content?

    <p>A common example is the difficulty someone might experience swallowing (dysphagia) if they have a tumor or stricture in the esophagus. Another example is the risk of heartburn or GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) if the cardiac sphincter is weak and allows stomach acid to reflux into the esophagus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The esophagus is a straight tube that runs vertically from the pharynx to the stomach.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ is the jagged line where the esophageal mucosa abruptly changes to gastric mucosa at the gastroesophageal junction.

    <p>Z line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the opening in the diaphragm that allows the esophagus to pass through?

    <p>Esophageal hiatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the esophagus?

    <p>It is composed of smooth muscle only.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms related to the esophagus with their descriptions:

    <p>Z line = Jagged line marking the transition between the esophageal and gastric mucosa Esophageal hiatus = Opening in the diaphragm through which the esophagus passes Physiological inferior esophageal sphincter = Functions as a sphincter at the gastroesophageal junction Esophageal body = The main portion of the esophagus that extends from the pharynx to the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures forms the boundary between the oral vestibule and the oral cavity proper?

    <p>Teeth and gingiva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proper anatomical name for the opening between the esophagus and the stomach?

    <p>Cardiac orifice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ____ is a slit-like space between the teeth, gingiva, and the lips and cheeks.

    <p>oral vestibule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ nerve travels down laterally and anteriorly, while the __________ nerve travels down laterally and posteriorly.

    <p>left vagus, right vagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The oral fissure is fully formed by the fourth week of gestation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the muscle that acts as a sphincter for the oral fissure?

    <p>Orbicularis oris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the jagged line where the esophageal mucosa abruptly changes to gastric mucosa at the gastroesophageal junction?

    <p>Z-line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles are responsible for dilating the oral fissure?

    <p>All of the above except A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the structures in the left retromolar region with their description.

    <p>Internal oblique ridge = Thin dotted line in the diagram External oblique ridge = Solid line in the diagram Buccal mucosa = Soft tissue lining the cheek Retromolar pad = Pad of tissue behind the last molar tooth Tongue = Muscular organ in the mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following esophageal structures with their descriptions:

    <p>Esophageal hiatus = Opening in the diaphragm for the esophagus Cardiac sphincter = Circular muscle at the gastroesophageal junction Z-line = Marked transition between the esophagus and stomach Left recurrent laryngeal nerve = Branch of the vagus nerve that innervates the larynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two stages of swallowing?

    <p>Oropharyngeal and esophageal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The swallowing center, which coordinates swallowing reflexes, is located in the brainstem.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the reflex mechanism that prevents food from entering the respiratory passageway during swallowing.

    <p>Activation of pharyngeal pressure receptors triggers reflexes that close the epiglottis and elevate the larynx, preventing food from entering the trachea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During swallowing, the ____ contracts to block the nasal passages from the pharynx.

    <p>uvula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible sign of pyloric stenosis?

    <p>Projectile vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pyloric sphincter is located at the lower end of the esophagus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary roles of the stomach in digestion?

    <p>The stomach primarily functions to digest food, store food temporarily, and mix it with gastric juices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ is the part of the stomach that connects to the small intestine.

    <p>pylorus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following parts of the stomach to their descriptions:

    <p>Fundus = Upper curved part of the stomach Body = Main central region of the stomach Pylorus = Connector to the small intestine Cardia = Region surrounding the esophageal opening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure prevents the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus?

    <p>Lower esophageal sphincter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The oral cavity includes the lips and palate but not the tongue.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of understanding esophageal constrictions?

    <p>Esophageal constrictions are significant because they can affect swallowing and may lead to conditions such as dysphagia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Clinical correlations with gastric issues often include ______ and ______.

    <p>ulcers, gastritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which portion of the GIT does the pyloric sphincter belong to?

    <p>Stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Oral Cavity

    • The oral cavity is the space between the upper and lower dental arches
    • It includes the oral vestibule and oral cavity proper
    • Boundaries of the oral cavity proper include the teeth and dental arches, posteriorly communicating with the oropharynx, and the hard and soft palate as the roof
    • The oral cavity is lined with mucous membrane
    • It is completely occupied by the tongue when the mouth is closed.

    Swallowing

    • Swallowing occurs in two stages: oropharyngeal and esophageal
    • In the oral stage of swallowing, a food bolus is pressed against the tongue and the roof of the mouth, and moved posteriorly towards the pharynx.
    • In the oropharyngeal stage, the swallowing center in the medulla reflex initiates, preventing food from entering the respiratory passageway. The uvula contracts blocking the nasal passages.
    • The esophageal stage begins with the esophageal sphincter opening and closing as the food travels through.

    Lips, Cheeks, and Gingivae

    • Lips are mobile, musculofibrous folds around the mouth, with orbicularis oris being the primary muscle for controlling the oral fissure
    • Lips have external skin and internal mucous membrane
    • Cheeks are the lateral walls of the oral cavity, lined with buccal mucosa
    • Gingivae (gums) are firmly attached to the alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible, covering the roots of the teeth, typically pink, firm, and keratinized
    • Gingivae are involved in the support and protection of teeth.

    Teeth

    • Teeth are composed of enamel, dentin, and a pulp cavity
    • Different types of teeth include incisors, canines, premolars, and molars, each having distinct shapes and roles
    • Deciduous (baby) teeth and permanent teeth have different eruption and shedding schedules
    • Understanding tooth structure and eruption order is crucial for several applications, and helps in diagnosing problems with teeth and bones.

    Esophagus

    • The esophagus is a muscular tube about 25cm long
    • The esophagus has three constrictions: cervical, thoracic (bronchoaortic), and diaphragmatic
    • The esophagus carries food from the pharynx to the stomach through peristaltic movements
    • The esophagus is lined with mucous membrane and has important neurovascular structures.

    Stomach

    • The stomach is a J-shaped organ
    • It has four main regions: cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus
    • The stomach is involved in food storage, mixing, and initial digestion
    • The stomach has a rich blood supply
    • The stomach has specific macroscopic variations and microscopic structures.

    Salivary Glands

    • Salivary glands produce saliva and secrete it in response to various stimuli
    • Major salivary glands include the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands
    • Saliva lubricates food, initiates carbohydrate digestion, and helps maintain oral health
    • Knowledge of salivary functions is important for diagnosing diseases of the mouth.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the anatomy of the oral cavity, including its boundaries, structures, and the process of swallowing. It details the stages of swallowing and the anatomical features involved. Test your understanding of how these components work together in the digestive process.

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