Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the recommended technique to stop a nosebleed?
What is the recommended technique to stop a nosebleed?
Why should individuals with an increased risk of epistaxis avoid lying down or tilting their head back during a nosebleed?
Why should individuals with an increased risk of epistaxis avoid lying down or tilting their head back during a nosebleed?
Why is it recommended not to blow your nose after a nosebleed?
Why is it recommended not to blow your nose after a nosebleed?
What is the purpose of using a cool-mist humidifier after a nosebleed?
What is the purpose of using a cool-mist humidifier after a nosebleed?
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Why are individuals encouraged to use saline nasal spray or drops regularly?
Why are individuals encouraged to use saline nasal spray or drops regularly?
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Which of the following is the recommended technique for proper sneezing?
Which of the following is the recommended technique for proper sneezing?
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What is the primary purpose of using saline nasal spray?
What is the primary purpose of using saline nasal spray?
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Which of the following actions should be avoided to prevent potential nasal injuries?
Which of the following actions should be avoided to prevent potential nasal injuries?
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What is the primary function of the paranasal sinuses?
What is the primary function of the paranasal sinuses?
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Which part of the nasal cavity is responsible for trapping dust and microorganisms from inhaled air?
Which part of the nasal cavity is responsible for trapping dust and microorganisms from inhaled air?
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What is the proper ratio of salt to water when making a saline solution at home?
What is the proper ratio of salt to water when making a saline solution at home?
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How long should you boil the water when making a saline solution at home?
How long should you boil the water when making a saline solution at home?
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What is the recommended technique for sneezing?
What is the recommended technique for sneezing?
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What should you avoid doing when you have a nasal congestion?
What should you avoid doing when you have a nasal congestion?
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Which of the following is NOT recommended to help manage nasal congestion?
Which of the following is NOT recommended to help manage nasal congestion?
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Which of the following is recommended for preventing epistaxis (nosebleeds) in palliative care patients?
Which of the following is recommended for preventing epistaxis (nosebleeds) in palliative care patients?
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What is the recommended technique for sneezing to minimize the risk of epistaxis?
What is the recommended technique for sneezing to minimize the risk of epistaxis?
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Which of the following actions should be avoided to prevent epistaxis in palliative care patients?
Which of the following actions should be avoided to prevent epistaxis in palliative care patients?
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In palliative care patients, which of the following is a potential cause of epistaxis?
In palliative care patients, which of the following is a potential cause of epistaxis?
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Which of the following statements about epistaxis in palliative care patients is correct?
Which of the following statements about epistaxis in palliative care patients is correct?
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To help prevent epistaxis (nosebleeds) during dry weather or when using home heating systems, what should be done?
To help prevent epistaxis (nosebleeds) during dry weather or when using home heating systems, what should be done?
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When sneezing, which technique should be avoided to reduce the risk of epistaxis?
When sneezing, which technique should be avoided to reduce the risk of epistaxis?
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What should be avoided to prevent potential injury or epistaxis?
What should be avoided to prevent potential injury or epistaxis?
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Which of the following is the most appropriate technique for managing epistaxis (nosebleeds)?
Which of the following is the most appropriate technique for managing epistaxis (nosebleeds)?
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Which of the following statements about the use of saline nasal sprays is true?
Which of the following statements about the use of saline nasal sprays is true?
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What is the recommended technique for sneezing to prevent nosebleeds?
What is the recommended technique for sneezing to prevent nosebleeds?
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Which of the following actions should be avoided to prevent nosebleeds?
Which of the following actions should be avoided to prevent nosebleeds?
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Which of the following statements about inserting objects into the nose is true?
Which of the following statements about inserting objects into the nose is true?
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The trachea branches into two primary ______, one entering each lung
The trachea branches into two primary ______, one entering each lung
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Bronchi are lined with ciliated epithelial cells and mucus-producing ______ cells
Bronchi are lined with ciliated epithelial cells and mucus-producing ______ cells
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Bronchioles are smaller branches of the bronchi that lack cartilage in their ______
Bronchioles are smaller branches of the bronchi that lack cartilage in their ______
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Smooth muscle surrounds bronchioles, allowing them to regulate airflow by constricting or dilating in response to signals from the ______ system
Smooth muscle surrounds bronchioles, allowing them to regulate airflow by constricting or dilating in response to signals from the ______ system
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Alveoli are tiny, grape-like air sacs at the end of the bronchioles where ______ exchange occurs
Alveoli are tiny, grape-like air sacs at the end of the bronchioles where ______ exchange occurs
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The walls of the alveoli are extremely thin to facilitate efficient gas ______
The walls of the alveoli are extremely thin to facilitate efficient gas ______
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Surfactant, a substance produced by alveolar cells, helps to reduce surface tension within the alveoli, preventing their collapse during ______
Surfactant, a substance produced by alveolar cells, helps to reduce surface tension within the alveoli, preventing their collapse during ______
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Alveoli are surrounded by a network of ______, allowing for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air in the alveoli and the blood in the capillaries
Alveoli are surrounded by a network of ______, allowing for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air in the alveoli and the blood in the capillaries
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Oral and parenteral opiates are widely accepted as providing good symptom relief, and the risk of significant respiratory depression appears to be negligible. Oral morphine is widely used to manage ______.
Oral and parenteral opiates are widely accepted as providing good symptom relief, and the risk of significant respiratory depression appears to be negligible. Oral morphine is widely used to manage ______.
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The anxiolytic and antitussive effects of diamorphine make it ideal for ______ cancer.
The anxiolytic and antitussive effects of diamorphine make it ideal for ______ cancer.
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Oral morphine can be used safely for the management of dyspnoea, even with COPD, if the patient is started on a low dose, and it is titrated according to response and side effects. Patients not already receiving morphine should start at doses of 5 mg 4 hourly/prn. For those already on morphine, whether for pain or dyspnoea, the overall dose may need to be increased by 30% to 50%. When the oral route is no longer available, administration by continuous subcutaneous infusion is acceptable. It may be combined with a ______.
Oral morphine can be used safely for the management of dyspnoea, even with COPD, if the patient is started on a low dose, and it is titrated according to response and side effects. Patients not already receiving morphine should start at doses of 5 mg 4 hourly/prn. For those already on morphine, whether for pain or dyspnoea, the overall dose may need to be increased by 30% to 50%. When the oral route is no longer available, administration by continuous subcutaneous infusion is acceptable. It may be combined with a ______.
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The use of nebulised opiates is not ______.
The use of nebulised opiates is not ______.
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In extreme dyspnoea and distress, intravenous or subcutaneous diamorphine is often used for more rapid relief than by the oral ______.
In extreme dyspnoea and distress, intravenous or subcutaneous diamorphine is often used for more rapid relief than by the oral ______.
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There is as much reason to be cautious about respiratory depression with benzodiazepines as with opiates but they are commonly used to treat dyspnoea in ______ care.
There is as much reason to be cautious about respiratory depression with benzodiazepines as with opiates but they are commonly used to treat dyspnoea in ______ care.
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There is no evidence for a beneficial effect of benzodiazepines for the relief of dyspnoea associated with ______ or COPD.
There is no evidence for a beneficial effect of benzodiazepines for the relief of dyspnoea associated with ______ or COPD.
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When the oral route is no longer available, administration by continuous subcutaneous infusion is ______.
When the oral route is no longer available, administration by continuous subcutaneous infusion is ______.
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ANXIOLYTICS There is as much reason to be cautious about respiratory depression with benzodiazepines as with opiates but they are commonly used to treat dyspnoea in ______ care.
ANXIOLYTICS There is as much reason to be cautious about respiratory depression with benzodiazepines as with opiates but they are commonly used to treat dyspnoea in ______ care.
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To make the saline solution at home, mix 1 teaspoon of salt into 1 quart of tap water. Boil water for 20 minutes, and let cool until lukewarm. Avoid blowing your nose too forcefully. Sneeze through an open mouth. Always sneeze into a tissue or your elbow. Avoid putting anything solid into your nose, including your fingers. Quit smoking or not smoke. Keep fingernails short. To help prevent _______, what should be done?
To make the saline solution at home, mix 1 teaspoon of salt into 1 quart of tap water. Boil water for 20 minutes, and let cool until lukewarm. Avoid blowing your nose too forcefully. Sneeze through an open mouth. Always sneeze into a tissue or your elbow. Avoid putting anything solid into your nose, including your fingers. Quit smoking or not smoke. Keep fingernails short. To help prevent _______, what should be done?
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______ are smaller branches of the bronchi that lack cartilage in their walls.
______ are smaller branches of the bronchi that lack cartilage in their walls.
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The trachea branches into two primary ______, one entering each lung.
The trachea branches into two primary ______, one entering each lung.
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Smooth muscle surrounds bronchioles, allowing them to regulate airflow by constricting or dilating in response to signals from the ______ system.
Smooth muscle surrounds bronchioles, allowing them to regulate airflow by constricting or dilating in response to signals from the ______ system.
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The walls of the alveoli are extremely thin to facilitate efficient gas ______.
The walls of the alveoli are extremely thin to facilitate efficient gas ______.
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Alveoli are surrounded by a network of ______, allowing for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air in the alveoli and the blood in the capillaries.
Alveoli are surrounded by a network of ______, allowing for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air in the alveoli and the blood in the capillaries.
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Surfactant, a substance produced by alveolar cells, helps to reduce surface tension within the alveoli, preventing their collapse during ______.
Surfactant, a substance produced by alveolar cells, helps to reduce surface tension within the alveoli, preventing their collapse during ______.
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Alveoli are tiny, grape-like air sacs at the end of the bronchioles where ______ exchange occurs.
Alveoli are tiny, grape-like air sacs at the end of the bronchioles where ______ exchange occurs.
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Glycopyrronium bromide 200 micrograms 6- to 8-hourly as required and hyoscine hydrobromide 400 micrograms 2-hourly are other options. COUGH in people with people with cancer is most commonly associated with cancer of the airways, lungs, pleura, and mediastinum, but tumours metastasizing to the thorax can also cause ______. In people with cancer, the most common cause of acute ______ is respiratory tract 14 infection. The most severe ______ is convulsive, unending, and permits no other object of attention. COMMON GENERAL CAUSES Cough in palliative care patients can be due to causes similar to those in the general population. In some patients, the ______ is an indication that there is an exacerbation of a comorbid illness (such as COPD or bronchiectasis) or an acute pulmonary infection that can be treated. Cough may also be due to conditions which can be relatively easily addressed, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), or caused by a medication side effect (eg, angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitors). While cessation of cigarette smoking (or other inhaled irritants) is useful as a response to resultant ______ in the general population, smoking cessation is often not realistic and/or helpful in patients with a limited prognosis of weeks or a short number of months. SPECIFIC CAUSES IN PALLIATIVE CARE — Certain causes of ______ are more common in palliative care patients.
Glycopyrronium bromide 200 micrograms 6- to 8-hourly as required and hyoscine hydrobromide 400 micrograms 2-hourly are other options. COUGH in people with people with cancer is most commonly associated with cancer of the airways, lungs, pleura, and mediastinum, but tumours metastasizing to the thorax can also cause ______. In people with cancer, the most common cause of acute ______ is respiratory tract 14 infection. The most severe ______ is convulsive, unending, and permits no other object of attention. COMMON GENERAL CAUSES Cough in palliative care patients can be due to causes similar to those in the general population. In some patients, the ______ is an indication that there is an exacerbation of a comorbid illness (such as COPD or bronchiectasis) or an acute pulmonary infection that can be treated. Cough may also be due to conditions which can be relatively easily addressed, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), or caused by a medication side effect (eg, angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitors). While cessation of cigarette smoking (or other inhaled irritants) is useful as a response to resultant ______ in the general population, smoking cessation is often not realistic and/or helpful in patients with a limited prognosis of weeks or a short number of months. SPECIFIC CAUSES IN PALLIATIVE CARE — Certain causes of ______ are more common in palliative care patients.
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In people with cancer, the most common cause of acute ______ is respiratory tract infection.
In people with cancer, the most common cause of acute ______ is respiratory tract infection.
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The most severe ______ is convulsive, unending, and permits no other object of attention.
The most severe ______ is convulsive, unending, and permits no other object of attention.
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Cough in palliative care patients can be due to causes similar to those in the general ______.
Cough in palliative care patients can be due to causes similar to those in the general ______.
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Cough may also be due to conditions which can be relatively easily addressed, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), or caused by a medication side effect (eg, angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE] ______).
Cough may also be due to conditions which can be relatively easily addressed, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), or caused by a medication side effect (eg, angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE] ______).
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While cessation of cigarette smoking (or other inhaled irritants) is useful as a response to resultant ______ in the general population, smoking cessation is often not realistic and/or helpful in patients with a limited prognosis of weeks or a short number of months.
While cessation of cigarette smoking (or other inhaled irritants) is useful as a response to resultant ______ in the general population, smoking cessation is often not realistic and/or helpful in patients with a limited prognosis of weeks or a short number of months.
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SPECIFIC CAUSES IN PALLIATIVE CARE — Certain causes of ______ are more common in palliative care patients.
SPECIFIC CAUSES IN PALLIATIVE CARE — Certain causes of ______ are more common in palliative care patients.
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Cough in people with cancer is most commonly associated with cancer of the airways, lungs, pleura, and mediastinum, but tumours metastasizing to the thorax can also cause ______.
Cough in people with cancer is most commonly associated with cancer of the airways, lungs, pleura, and mediastinum, but tumours metastasizing to the thorax can also cause ______.
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______ conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis, or bronchiectasis can alter the normal function of the airways, making them more susceptible to infections.
______ conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis, or bronchiectasis can alter the normal function of the airways, making them more susceptible to infections.
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23 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Continuous cough High temperature, fever or chills Loss of or change in, your normal sense of taste or smell Shortness of breath Unexplained tiredness, lack of energy Muscle aches or pains that are not due to exercise Not wanting to eat or not feeling hungry Headache that is unusual or longer lasting than usual Sore throat, stuffy or runny nose Diarrhoea Feeling sick or being sick
23 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Continuous cough High temperature, fever or chills Loss of or change in, your normal sense of taste or smell Shortness of breath Unexplained tiredness, lack of energy Muscle aches or pains that are not due to exercise Not wanting to eat or not feeling hungry Headache that is unusual or longer lasting than usual Sore throat, stuffy or runny nose Diarrhoea Feeling sick or being sick
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23 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Continuous cough High temperature, fever or chills Loss of or change in, your normal sense of taste or smell Shortness of breath Unexplained tiredness, lack of energy Muscle aches or pains that are not due to exercise Not wanting to eat or not feeling hungry Headache that is unusual or longer lasting than usual Sore throat, stuffy or runny nose Diarrhoea Feeling sick or being sick PREVENTION
23 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Continuous cough High temperature, fever or chills Loss of or change in, your normal sense of taste or smell Shortness of breath Unexplained tiredness, lack of energy Muscle aches or pains that are not due to exercise Not wanting to eat or not feeling hungry Headache that is unusual or longer lasting than usual Sore throat, stuffy or runny nose Diarrhoea Feeling sick or being sick PREVENTION
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23 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Continuous cough High temperature, fever or chills Loss of or change in, your normal sense of taste or smell Shortness of breath Unexplained tiredness, lack of energy Muscle aches or pains that are not due to exercise Not wanting to eat or not feeling hungry
23 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Continuous cough High temperature, fever or chills Loss of or change in, your normal sense of taste or smell Shortness of breath Unexplained tiredness, lack of energy Muscle aches or pains that are not due to exercise Not wanting to eat or not feeling hungry
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