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Questions and Answers
What is the only externally visible part of the respiratory system?
What is the only externally visible part of the respiratory system?
Which structure attaches the nose to the forehead?
Which structure attaches the nose to the forehead?
What are the anterior (external) openings of the nose called?
What are the anterior (external) openings of the nose called?
Which structure is medial to each nostril?
Which structure is medial to each nostril?
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Which structure is lateral to each nostril?
Which structure is lateral to each nostril?
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What forms the floor of the nasal cavity?
What forms the floor of the nasal cavity?
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Which bone is located superiorly in the medial wall (nasal septum) of the nasal cavity?
Which bone is located superiorly in the medial wall (nasal septum) of the nasal cavity?
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From which direction is the roof of the nasal cavity formed?
From which direction is the roof of the nasal cavity formed?
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The posterior part of the medial wall (nasal septum) is formed by which bone?
The posterior part of the medial wall (nasal septum) is formed by which bone?
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What is the medial wall (nasal septum) of the nasal cavity covered by?
What is the medial wall (nasal septum) of the nasal cavity covered by?
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Which structure separates the nasal cavity from the cranial cavity?
Which structure separates the nasal cavity from the cranial cavity?
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Where is the sella turcica located?
Where is the sella turcica located?
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What is located just below the superior turbinate?
What is located just below the superior turbinate?
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Which structure connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx?
Which structure connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx?
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Which part of the nasal cavity houses the olfactory nerves?
Which part of the nasal cavity houses the olfactory nerves?
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Which bone is part of the upper framework of the nose?
Which bone is part of the upper framework of the nose?
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What is the function of the inferior concha (turbinate)?
What is the function of the inferior concha (turbinate)?
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Where is the adenoid (posterior nasopharyngeal tonsil) located?
Where is the adenoid (posterior nasopharyngeal tonsil) located?
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What forms the lower part of the nose?
What forms the lower part of the nose?
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What separates the right and left halves of the nasal cavity?
What separates the right and left halves of the nasal cavity?
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What is the function of the uvula?
What is the function of the uvula?
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What is the boundary of the posterior part of the nasal cavity?
What is the boundary of the posterior part of the nasal cavity?
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Which of the following is not part of the nasal cavity?
Which of the following is not part of the nasal cavity?
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Which structures can be found on the lateral wall?
Which structures can be found on the lateral wall?
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What is the mucous membrane covering on the lateral wall?
What is the mucous membrane covering on the lateral wall?
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What is another name for the conchae on the lateral wall?
What is another name for the conchae on the lateral wall?
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Which conchae is NOT found on the lateral wall?
Which conchae is NOT found on the lateral wall?
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How many conchae are found on the lateral wall?
How many conchae are found on the lateral wall?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the nasal cavity?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the nasal cavity?
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What specific role does the olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity play?
What specific role does the olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity play?
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What connects the nasal cavity to the sinuses?
What connects the nasal cavity to the sinuses?
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What is primarily responsible for draining the sinuses?
What is primarily responsible for draining the sinuses?
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Which of the following bones contain sinuses?
Which of the following bones contain sinuses?
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Where is the olfactory sensory epithelium located?
Where is the olfactory sensory epithelium located?
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Where are the frontal sinuses located relative to the orbital part of the skull?
Where are the frontal sinuses located relative to the orbital part of the skull?
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Which sinuses are divided into anterior, middle, and posterior groups?
Which sinuses are divided into anterior, middle, and posterior groups?
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Which of the following is not a function of the paranasal sinuses?
Which of the following is not a function of the paranasal sinuses?
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Where are the maxillary sinuses located?
Where are the maxillary sinuses located?
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Through which structure do the frontal sinuses open into the middle meatus?
Through which structure do the frontal sinuses open into the middle meatus?
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Which sinuses are located under the orbits in the upper jaw bone?
Which sinuses are located under the orbits in the upper jaw bone?
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What forms the roof of the maxillary sinuses?
What forms the roof of the maxillary sinuses?
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Which teeth roots can project into the floor of the maxillary sinuses?
Which teeth roots can project into the floor of the maxillary sinuses?
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What separates the two frontal sinuses from each other?
What separates the two frontal sinuses from each other?
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Through which structure do the maxillary sinuses open into the middle meatus?
Through which structure do the maxillary sinuses open into the middle meatus?
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Which technique is the most reliable for determining if the sinuses are obstructed?
Which technique is the most reliable for determining if the sinuses are obstructed?
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Which bones contain the maxillary sinuses?
Which bones contain the maxillary sinuses?
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Which imaging modality is best for diagnosing sinusitis?
Which imaging modality is best for diagnosing sinusitis?
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Where are the ethmoid sinuses located?
Where are the ethmoid sinuses located?
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Which characteristic best describes paranasal sinus cavities?
Which characteristic best describes paranasal sinus cavities?
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Which nerve supplies the sphenoidal sinuses?
Which nerve supplies the sphenoidal sinuses?
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Where do the sphenoidal sinuses open into?
Where do the sphenoidal sinuses open into?
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Which sinus is located within the zygomatic process?
Which sinus is located within the zygomatic process?
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What is one of the functions of the sphenoidal sinuses?
What is one of the functions of the sphenoidal sinuses?
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Which bone contains the sphenoidal sinuses?
Which bone contains the sphenoidal sinuses?
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Study Notes
Nose
- The nose is the only externally visible part of the respiratory system
- Composed of bony and cartilaginous framework
- Formed above by nasal bones, frontal processes of maxillae, and nasal part of frontal bone
- Formed below by plates of hyaline cartilage, including upper and lower nasal cartilages and the septal cartilage
Nasal Cavity
- Extends from the external nares to the posterior nares (choanae)
- Divided into right and left halves by the nasal septum
- Each half has a floor, roof, lateral wall, and medial wall (septum)
Nasal Cavity Structure
- Floor separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity and is formed by the hard palate
- Roof is narrow and formed by the body of sphenoid, cribriform plate of ethmoid bone, frontal bone, and nasal bone and cartilage
- Medial wall (nasal septum) is osteocartilaginous, lying in the midline, and covered by the mucoperiosteum
- Lateral wall shows three horizontal bony projections, covered by mucous membrane, the superior, middle, and inferior conchae (turbinates)
Functions of the Nose and Nasal Cavity
- Conditions the air (warming, humidifying, and filtering) before it reaches the lungs
- Helps to produce resonant sounds for speech
- Houses the olfactory region, responsible for the sense of smell
- Plays a role in the aesthetics of the face
Paranasal Sinuses
- Air-filled cavities within the bones of the skull surrounding the nasal cavity
- Functions: lighten the skull, act as resonant chambers for speech, and help to warm and moisten the air
- Four types: frontal, ethmoid, maxillary, and sphenoid
Frontal Sinus
- Located within the frontal bone
- Forms the brow ridges and the upper part of the nasal cavity
Ethmoid Sinus
- Located in the ethmoid bone
- Consists of multiple air-filled cells between the eye and the nose, divided into three groups: anterior, posterior, and middle
Maxillary Sinus
- Located within the body of the maxilla
- Pyramidal in shape, with the base forming the lateral wall of the nose and the apex lying in the zygomatic process of the maxilla
- Roof is formed by the floor of the orbit
- Floor is formed by the alveolar border
- Opens into the middle meatus through the hiatus semilunaris
Sphenoidal Sinus
- Located within the body of the sphenoid bone
- Two in number, opening into the sphenoethmoidal recess
- Supplied by the posterior ethmoidal nerve
Diagnosis of Paranasal Sinuses Defect
- Diagnosis can be made using X-ray and Computed Tomography (CT)
- CT scanning is painless, noninvasive, and accurate, and is the most reliable imaging technique for determining if the sinuses are obstructed
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Description
Explore the structure and composition of the nose and nasal cavity, from bony and cartilaginous framework to nasal septum and posterior nares.
