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Questions and Answers
What is the structure that opens into the minor and major calyces?
What is the structure that opens into the minor and major calyces?
What is the type of epithelium found in the mucosa of the ureter?
What is the type of epithelium found in the mucosa of the ureter?
How many layers of smooth muscle are found in the upper 2/3 of the ureter?
How many layers of smooth muscle are found in the upper 2/3 of the ureter?
What is the layer of the urinary bladder wall that consists of 3 interlacing layers of smooth muscle?
What is the layer of the urinary bladder wall that consists of 3 interlacing layers of smooth muscle?
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Which of the following is NOT part of the nephron?
Which of the following is NOT part of the nephron?
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What is the region of the nephron that is responsible for reabsorption of nutrients?
What is the region of the nephron that is responsible for reabsorption of nutrients?
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What is the region of the nephron that is responsible for concentrating the urine?
What is the region of the nephron that is responsible for concentrating the urine?
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What is the type of epithelium found in the collecting tubules?
What is the type of epithelium found in the collecting tubules?
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What is the structural and functional unit of the kidney?
What is the structural and functional unit of the kidney?
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What is the lining of the Bowman's capsule in the Renal Corpuscle?
What is the lining of the Bowman's capsule in the Renal Corpuscle?
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What is the characteristic of the glomerular capillaries in the Renal Corpuscle?
What is the characteristic of the glomerular capillaries in the Renal Corpuscle?
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What is the shape of the Loop of Henle?
What is the shape of the Loop of Henle?
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What is the characteristic of the Proximal Convoluted Tubules?
What is the characteristic of the Proximal Convoluted Tubules?
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What is the characteristic of the Distal Convoluted Tubules?
What is the characteristic of the Distal Convoluted Tubules?
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What is the characteristic of the Collecting Tubules?
What is the characteristic of the Collecting Tubules?
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What is the relationship between the thin segment of the Loop of Henle and the Proximal Convoluted Tubules?
What is the relationship between the thin segment of the Loop of Henle and the Proximal Convoluted Tubules?
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What is the function of the nephron in the kidney?
What is the function of the nephron in the kidney?
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Which part of the nephron is involved in the reabsorption of water and electrolytes?
Which part of the nephron is involved in the reabsorption of water and electrolytes?
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What is the function of the collecting tubules in the kidney?
What is the function of the collecting tubules in the kidney?
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Which part of the nephron is responsible for the concentration of urine?
Which part of the nephron is responsible for the concentration of urine?
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What is the role of the renal corpuscle in the kidney?
What is the role of the renal corpuscle in the kidney?
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Which type of capillary is found in the nervous tissue?
Which type of capillary is found in the nervous tissue?
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What is the characteristic of the endothelium in fenestrated capillaries?
What is the characteristic of the endothelium in fenestrated capillaries?
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Which type of capillary is found in the liver?
Which type of capillary is found in the liver?
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Study Notes
Nephron Structure and Function
- Nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney.
- It consists of: • Renal corpuscle (Bowman's capsule and glomerular capillaries) • Proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) • Loop of Henle (U-shaped tube) • Distal convoluted tubules (DCT)
Renal Corpuscle
- Located in the cortex of the kidney.
- Consists of: • Bowman's capsule (double layers: parietal and visceral) • Glomerular capillaries (anastomosing capillaries from afferent arterioles, forming efferent arterioles) • Lined with fenestrated endothelium and a thick basement membrane (blood-renal barrier).
Proximal Convoluted Tubules (PCT)
- Narrow lumen, lined by large pyramidal cells (3-4 in section).
Loop of Henle
- U-shaped tube.
- Consists of: • Thin descending limb (lined by simple squamous cells, continuous with PCT) • Thick ascending limb (lined by cuboidal cells, continuous with DCT)
Distal Convoluted Tubules (DCT)
- Wide lumen, lined by small cuboidal cells (5-8 in section).
Collecting Tubules
- Not part of the nephron.
- Lined by pale simple cuboidal or columnar cells.
Capillaries
- Smallest and thinnest channels.
- Types: • Continuous (e.g., nervous tissue) • Fenestrated (e.g., endocrine glands) • Sinusoidal (e.g., liver)
Urinary System
- Histological structure of the kidney: • Stroma (thin CT) • Parenchyma (compound vascular tubular glands) • Nephron (urine formation) • Collecting tubules (urine collection and delivery to ureter)
Ureter
- Wall consists of: • Mucosa (transitional urothelium with CT) • Musculosa (upper 2/3: 2 layers of smooth muscle, inner longitudinal and outer circular; lower 1/3: 3 layers) • Adventitia (dense CT)
Urinary Bladder
- Wall consists of: • Mucosa (transitional urothelium with CT) • Musculosa (3 layers: inner and outer longitudinal, and middle circular) • Adventitia (dense CT)
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Description
This quiz covers the structural and functional components of the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney.
