24 Questions
What is the structure that opens into the minor and major calyces?
Duct of Bellini
What is the type of epithelium found in the mucosa of the ureter?
Transitional epithelium
How many layers of smooth muscle are found in the upper 2/3 of the ureter?
2 layers
What is the layer of the urinary bladder wall that consists of 3 interlacing layers of smooth muscle?
Musculosa
Which of the following is NOT part of the nephron?
Glomerulus
What is the region of the nephron that is responsible for reabsorption of nutrients?
Proximal convoluted tubules
What is the region of the nephron that is responsible for concentrating the urine?
Loop of Henle
What is the type of epithelium found in the collecting tubules?
Transitional epithelium
What is the structural and functional unit of the kidney?
Nephron
What is the lining of the Bowman's capsule in the Renal Corpuscle?
Parietal and visceral layers
What is the characteristic of the glomerular capillaries in the Renal Corpuscle?
They are lined by fenestrated endothelium with no diaphragm
What is the shape of the Loop of Henle?
U-shaped tube
What is the characteristic of the Proximal Convoluted Tubules?
Narrow lumen, lined by large pyramidal cells
What is the characteristic of the Distal Convoluted Tubules?
Wide lumen, lined by small cuboidal cells
What is the characteristic of the Collecting Tubules?
Lined by simple cuboidal or columnar cells
What is the relationship between the thin segment of the Loop of Henle and the Proximal Convoluted Tubules?
The thin segment is continuous with the Proximal Convoluted Tubules
What is the function of the nephron in the kidney?
Urine formation
Which part of the nephron is involved in the reabsorption of water and electrolytes?
Proximal convoluted tubules
What is the function of the collecting tubules in the kidney?
Urine collection and delivery to the ureter
Which part of the nephron is responsible for the concentration of urine?
Loop of Henle
What is the role of the renal corpuscle in the kidney?
Filtration of blood
Which type of capillary is found in the nervous tissue?
Continuous
What is the characteristic of the endothelium in fenestrated capillaries?
Has pores
Which type of capillary is found in the liver?
Sinusoidal
Study Notes
Nephron Structure and Function
- Nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney.
- It consists of: • Renal corpuscle (Bowman's capsule and glomerular capillaries) • Proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) • Loop of Henle (U-shaped tube) • Distal convoluted tubules (DCT)
Renal Corpuscle
- Located in the cortex of the kidney.
- Consists of: • Bowman's capsule (double layers: parietal and visceral) • Glomerular capillaries (anastomosing capillaries from afferent arterioles, forming efferent arterioles) • Lined with fenestrated endothelium and a thick basement membrane (blood-renal barrier).
Proximal Convoluted Tubules (PCT)
- Narrow lumen, lined by large pyramidal cells (3-4 in section).
Loop of Henle
- U-shaped tube.
- Consists of: • Thin descending limb (lined by simple squamous cells, continuous with PCT) • Thick ascending limb (lined by cuboidal cells, continuous with DCT)
Distal Convoluted Tubules (DCT)
- Wide lumen, lined by small cuboidal cells (5-8 in section).
Collecting Tubules
- Not part of the nephron.
- Lined by pale simple cuboidal or columnar cells.
Capillaries
- Smallest and thinnest channels.
- Types: • Continuous (e.g., nervous tissue) • Fenestrated (e.g., endocrine glands) • Sinusoidal (e.g., liver)
Urinary System
- Histological structure of the kidney: • Stroma (thin CT) • Parenchyma (compound vascular tubular glands) • Nephron (urine formation) • Collecting tubules (urine collection and delivery to ureter)
Ureter
- Wall consists of: • Mucosa (transitional urothelium with CT) • Musculosa (upper 2/3: 2 layers of smooth muscle, inner longitudinal and outer circular; lower 1/3: 3 layers) • Adventitia (dense CT)
Urinary Bladder
- Wall consists of: • Mucosa (transitional urothelium with CT) • Musculosa (3 layers: inner and outer longitudinal, and middle circular) • Adventitia (dense CT)
This quiz covers the structural and functional components of the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney.
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