10 Questions
What is the primary role of juxtamedullary nephrons?
Producing concentrated urine and conserving water
Where do the majority of reabsorption processes occur in the nephron?
Proximal convoluted tubule
Which materials are typically NOT reabsorbed by the kidneys?
Urea and creatinine
Which type of nephron has a Loop of Henle that extends deep into the medulla?
Juxtamedullary nephrons
Which of the following statements about cortical nephrons is true?
Their Loop of Henle is short.
What is reabsorbed primarily by passive transport in the nephrons?
Most water molecules
Which component is actively reabsorbed in the nephron?
Glucose
What function is NOT attributed to juxtamedullary nephrons?
Reabsorbing ions
Which of the following is NOT a function of the Loop of Henle?
Filtration of blood
What type of nephron primarily aids in the concentration of urine?
Juxtamedullary nephrons
Study Notes
Types of Nephrons
- Cortical nephrons are located entirely in the cortex and make up most nephrons.
- Juxtamedullary nephrons are found at the boundary of the cortex and medulla and regulate blood pressure.
- Juxtamedullary nephrons have granule cells (jg cells) that secrete renin in response to falling blood pressure.
- Macula densa in juxtamedullary nephrons are chemoreceptors that secrete renin if solute concentration falls.
Kidneys Concentric Layers
- Renal Capsule is a smooth, transparent sheath of dense irregular connective tissue that covers the outer surface of the entire kidney.
- Renal Capsule is made up of a layer of collagen fibers.
- Adipose Capsule is a thick layer of adipose tissue that surrounds the renal capsule, providing protection and keeping the kidney in its correct location.
- Renal Fascia is a dense irregular connective tissue that acts as a fibrous outer layer, anchoring the kidney to surrounding structures.
The Loops of Henle
- Cortical nephrons have a short Loop of Henle that does not extend far into the medulla.
- Juxtamedullary nephrons have a long Loop of Henle that extends deep into the renal pyramids, important for water conservation and producing concentrated urine.
Reabsorption
- Peritubular capillaries reabsorb water, glucose, amino acids, and ions.
- Some reabsorption is passive, but most is active.
- Most reabsorption occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule.
Materials Not Reabsorbed
- Nitrogenous waste products, including urea, uric acid, and creatinine, are not reabsorbed.
- Excess water is not reabsorbed.
Learn about the different types of nephrons, including cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons, and their functions in regulating blood pressure. Understand the structure of the kidney, including the renal capsule and concentric layers.
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