Lower Leg Anatomy Quiz: Test Your Knowledge of Lower Limb Muscles

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the Flexor hallucis longus muscle?

Flexion of the leg at the knee joint

Extension of the big toe

Flexion of the big toe and plantar flexion of the foot (correct)

Dorsiflexion of the foot at the ankle joint

Which muscle is responsible for flexion of the leg at the knee joint?

Tibialis posterior

Flexor digitorum longus

Plantaris

Popliteus (correct)

Where does the Tibialis posterior muscle insert?

Proximal phalanx of the big toe

Base of the distal phalanges of toes 2-5

Distal phalanx of the big toe

2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsals, Navicular, all three cuneiforms, Cuboid, and Calcaneus (correct)

What is the origin of the Flexor digitorum longus muscle?

Middle 1/3 of the tibia Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Plantaris muscle?

Plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle joint Signup and view all the answers

Where does the Popliteus muscle insert?

Above the soleal line on the posterior tibia Signup and view all the answers

What is the nerve supply of the Flexor hallucis longus muscle?

Tibial nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Tibialis posterior muscle?

Plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle joint and inversion of the foot at the subtalar joint Signup and view all the answers

Where does the Flexor digitorum longus muscle insert?

Base of the distal phalanges of toes 2-5 Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the Tibialis posterior muscle?

Proximal half of the posterior surface of the tibia and fibula Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle has the most extensive insertion points?

Tibialis posterior Signup and view all the answers

What is the only muscle that performs medial rotation of the leg at the knee joint?

Popliteus Signup and view all the answers

Which two muscles have the same nerve supply?

Flexor hallucis longus and Flexor digitorum longus Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle has the same function as the Plantaris muscle?

Flexor hallucis longus Signup and view all the answers

At which joint does the Flexor hallucis longus muscle perform flexion?

MTP and IP joints Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle has an origin on the lateral surface of the lateral condyle of the femur?

Popliteus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Flexor digitorum longus muscle?

Flexion of toes 2-5 Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle has an insertion on the distal phalanx of the big toe?

Flexor hallucis longus Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle performs inversion of the foot at the subtalar joint?

Tibialis posterior Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle has an origin on the inferior 2/3 of the posterior surface of the fibula and interosseous membrane?

Flexor hallucis longus Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Muscles of the Leg

Anterior Compartment of Leg:
- All muscles in this compartment are innervated by the deep peroneal (fibular) nerve.
- Muscles:
  - Tibialis anterior:
    - Origin: Lateral condyle and upper 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia; and interosseous membrane.
    - Insertion: Base of the 1st metatarsal.
    - Functions: Dorsiflexion of foot @ ankle J., Inversion of foot @ subtalar J.
  - Extensor hallucis longus:
    - Origin: Middle 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane.
    - Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of big toe.
    - Functions: Extension of big toe @ MTP and IP joints, Dorsiflexion of foot @ ankle J., Inversion of foot @ subtalar J.
  - Extensor digitorum longus:
    - Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia, Proximal 2/3 of anterior surface of fibula, and interosseous membrane.
    - Insertion: Middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5 (Via dorsal digital expansion).
    - Functions: Extension of toes #2-5 @ MTP and IP joints, Dorsiflexion of foot @ ankle J., Eversion of foot @ subtalar J.
  - Fibularis (peroneus) tertius:
    - Origin: Distal 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane.
    - Insertion: Base of the 5th metatarsal.
    - Functions: Dorsiflexion of foot @ ankle J., Eversion of foot @ subtalar J.

Lateral Compartment of the Leg

Both muscles in this group are innervated by the superficial peroneal (fibular) nerve.
Muscles:
- Fibularis (peroneus) longus:
  - Origin: Head of fibula, Proximal 1/2 of lateral surface of fibula.
  - Insertion: Base of the 1st metatarsal, 1st cuneiform.
  - Functions: Eversion of foot @ subtalar J., Plantar flexion of foot @ ankle J.
- Fibularis (peroneus) brevis:
  - Origin: Distal 1/2 of lateral surface of fibula.
  - Insertion: Tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal bone.
  - Functions: Eversion of foot @ subtalar J., Plantar flexion of foot @ ankle J.

Posterior Compartment of the Leg

Muscles:
- Gastrocnemius:
  - Origin: Medial head: Medial condyle of femur, Lateral head: Lateral condyle of femur.
  - Insertion: Calcaneus via calcaneal (Achilles) tendon.
  - Functions: Plantar flexion of foot @ ankle J., Flexion of leg @ knee J.
- Soleus:
  - Origin: Soleal line of tibia, Head of fibula, Proximal posterior surface of body of fibula.
  - Insertion: Calcaneus via calcaneal (Achilles) tendon.
  - Functions: Plantar flexion of foot @ ankle J.
- Plantaris:
  - Origin: Lower part of the lateral supracondylar ridge of femur.
  - Insertion: Calcaneus via calcaneal (Achilles) tendon.
  - Functions: Plantar flexion of foot @ ankle J., Flexion of leg @ knee J.

Popliteus Muscle

Origin: Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur.
Insertion: Above the soleal line on the posterior tibia.
Functions: Flexion of leg @ knee J., Medial rotation of leg @ knee J. (to unlock the extended knee).
Acts on the lateral meniscus.

Tibialis Posterior Muscle

Origin: Proximal posterior surface of tibia, fibula, and interosseous membrane.
Insertion: 2nd & 3rd & 4th metatarsals, Navicular, All three cuneiforms, Cuboid, Calcaneus.
Functions: Plantar flexion of foot @ ankle J., Inversion of foot @ subtalar J.

Flexor Hallucis Longus Muscle

Origin: Inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane.
Insertion: Distal phalanx of big toe.
Functions: Flexion of big toe @ MTP and IP joints, Plantar flexion of foot @ ankle J., Inversion of foot @ subtalar J.

Flexor Digitorum Longus Muscle

Origin: Middle 1/3 of tibia.
Insertion: Base of distal phalanges of toes 2-5.
Functions: Flexion of toes #2-5 @ MTP and PIP & DIP joints, Plantar flexion of foot @ ankle J., Inversion of foot @ subtalar J.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the lower limb, including muscles, nerves, and structures like the popliteus muscle, popliteal fossa, and compartments of the leg. Learn about the arrangement of anatomical structures passing behind the medial malleolus and more.