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Questions and Answers
What is the function of the Flexor hallucis longus muscle?
What is the function of the Flexor hallucis longus muscle?
- Flexion of the leg at the knee joint
- Extension of the big toe
- Flexion of the big toe and plantar flexion of the foot (correct)
- Dorsiflexion of the foot at the ankle joint
Which muscle is responsible for flexion of the leg at the knee joint?
Which muscle is responsible for flexion of the leg at the knee joint?
- Tibialis posterior
- Flexor digitorum longus
- Plantaris
- Popliteus (correct)
Where does the Tibialis posterior muscle insert?
Where does the Tibialis posterior muscle insert?
- Proximal phalanx of the big toe
- Base of the distal phalanges of toes 2-5
- Distal phalanx of the big toe
- 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsals, Navicular, all three cuneiforms, Cuboid, and Calcaneus (correct)
What is the origin of the Flexor digitorum longus muscle?
What is the origin of the Flexor digitorum longus muscle?
What is the function of the Plantaris muscle?
What is the function of the Plantaris muscle?
Where does the Popliteus muscle insert?
Where does the Popliteus muscle insert?
What is the nerve supply of the Flexor hallucis longus muscle?
What is the nerve supply of the Flexor hallucis longus muscle?
What is the function of the Tibialis posterior muscle?
What is the function of the Tibialis posterior muscle?
Where does the Flexor digitorum longus muscle insert?
Where does the Flexor digitorum longus muscle insert?
What is the origin of the Tibialis posterior muscle?
What is the origin of the Tibialis posterior muscle?
Which muscle has the most extensive insertion points?
Which muscle has the most extensive insertion points?
What is the only muscle that performs medial rotation of the leg at the knee joint?
What is the only muscle that performs medial rotation of the leg at the knee joint?
Which two muscles have the same nerve supply?
Which two muscles have the same nerve supply?
Which muscle has the same function as the Plantaris muscle?
Which muscle has the same function as the Plantaris muscle?
At which joint does the Flexor hallucis longus muscle perform flexion?
At which joint does the Flexor hallucis longus muscle perform flexion?
Which muscle has an origin on the lateral surface of the lateral condyle of the femur?
Which muscle has an origin on the lateral surface of the lateral condyle of the femur?
What is the primary function of the Flexor digitorum longus muscle?
What is the primary function of the Flexor digitorum longus muscle?
Which muscle has an insertion on the distal phalanx of the big toe?
Which muscle has an insertion on the distal phalanx of the big toe?
Which muscle performs inversion of the foot at the subtalar joint?
Which muscle performs inversion of the foot at the subtalar joint?
Which muscle has an origin on the inferior 2/3 of the posterior surface of the fibula and interosseous membrane?
Which muscle has an origin on the inferior 2/3 of the posterior surface of the fibula and interosseous membrane?
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Study Notes
Muscles of the Leg
- Anterior Compartment of Leg:
- All muscles in this compartment are innervated by the deep peroneal (fibular) nerve.
- Muscles:
- Tibialis anterior:
- Origin: Lateral condyle and upper 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia; and interosseous membrane.
- Insertion: Base of the 1st metatarsal.
- Functions: Dorsiflexion of foot @ ankle J., Inversion of foot @ subtalar J.
- Extensor hallucis longus:
- Origin: Middle 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane.
- Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of big toe.
- Functions: Extension of big toe @ MTP and IP joints, Dorsiflexion of foot @ ankle J., Inversion of foot @ subtalar J.
- Extensor digitorum longus:
- Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia, Proximal 2/3 of anterior surface of fibula, and interosseous membrane.
- Insertion: Middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5 (Via dorsal digital expansion).
- Functions: Extension of toes #2-5 @ MTP and IP joints, Dorsiflexion of foot @ ankle J., Eversion of foot @ subtalar J.
- Fibularis (peroneus) tertius:
- Origin: Distal 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane.
- Insertion: Base of the 5th metatarsal.
- Functions: Dorsiflexion of foot @ ankle J., Eversion of foot @ subtalar J.
- Tibialis anterior:
Lateral Compartment of the Leg
- Both muscles in this group are innervated by the superficial peroneal (fibular) nerve.
- Muscles:
- Fibularis (peroneus) longus:
- Origin: Head of fibula, Proximal 1/2 of lateral surface of fibula.
- Insertion: Base of the 1st metatarsal, 1st cuneiform.
- Functions: Eversion of foot @ subtalar J., Plantar flexion of foot @ ankle J.
- Fibularis (peroneus) brevis:
- Origin: Distal 1/2 of lateral surface of fibula.
- Insertion: Tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal bone.
- Functions: Eversion of foot @ subtalar J., Plantar flexion of foot @ ankle J.
- Fibularis (peroneus) longus:
Posterior Compartment of the Leg
- Muscles:
- Gastrocnemius:
- Origin: Medial head: Medial condyle of femur, Lateral head: Lateral condyle of femur.
- Insertion: Calcaneus via calcaneal (Achilles) tendon.
- Functions: Plantar flexion of foot @ ankle J., Flexion of leg @ knee J.
- Soleus:
- Origin: Soleal line of tibia, Head of fibula, Proximal posterior surface of body of fibula.
- Insertion: Calcaneus via calcaneal (Achilles) tendon.
- Functions: Plantar flexion of foot @ ankle J.
- Plantaris:
- Origin: Lower part of the lateral supracondylar ridge of femur.
- Insertion: Calcaneus via calcaneal (Achilles) tendon.
- Functions: Plantar flexion of foot @ ankle J., Flexion of leg @ knee J.
- Gastrocnemius:
Popliteus Muscle
- Origin: Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur.
- Insertion: Above the soleal line on the posterior tibia.
- Functions: Flexion of leg @ knee J., Medial rotation of leg @ knee J. (to unlock the extended knee).
- Acts on the lateral meniscus.
Tibialis Posterior Muscle
- Origin: Proximal posterior surface of tibia, fibula, and interosseous membrane.
- Insertion: 2nd & 3rd & 4th metatarsals, Navicular, All three cuneiforms, Cuboid, Calcaneus.
- Functions: Plantar flexion of foot @ ankle J., Inversion of foot @ subtalar J.
Flexor Hallucis Longus Muscle
- Origin: Inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane.
- Insertion: Distal phalanx of big toe.
- Functions: Flexion of big toe @ MTP and IP joints, Plantar flexion of foot @ ankle J., Inversion of foot @ subtalar J.
Flexor Digitorum Longus Muscle
- Origin: Middle 1/3 of tibia.
- Insertion: Base of distal phalanges of toes 2-5.
- Functions: Flexion of toes #2-5 @ MTP and PIP & DIP joints, Plantar flexion of foot @ ankle J., Inversion of foot @ subtalar J.
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