Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Which landmark serves as the superior boundary of the anterior femoral triangle?
Which landmark serves as the superior boundary of the anterior femoral triangle?
What is the main action performed by the quadriceps femoris?
What is the main action performed by the quadriceps femoris?
Which nerve supplies the sartorius muscle?
Which nerve supplies the sartorius muscle?
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What nerve is primarily responsible for innervating the iliacus muscle?
What nerve is primarily responsible for innervating the iliacus muscle?
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What structure exits the anterior femoral triangle and passes through the adductor canal?
What structure exits the anterior femoral triangle and passes through the adductor canal?
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The vastus intermedius muscle is primarily responsible for which action?
The vastus intermedius muscle is primarily responsible for which action?
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Which structure is NOT found in the femoral triangle?
Which structure is NOT found in the femoral triangle?
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Which muscle forms the medial boundary of the adductor canal?
Which muscle forms the medial boundary of the adductor canal?
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Which of the following structures is NOT a content of the femoral sheath?
Which of the following structures is NOT a content of the femoral sheath?
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Which compartment of the thigh is responsible for the flexion of the knee?
Which compartment of the thigh is responsible for the flexion of the knee?
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What is the nerve supply for the psoas major muscle?
What is the nerve supply for the psoas major muscle?
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The profunda femoris artery is considered the main blood supply of which region?
The profunda femoris artery is considered the main blood supply of which region?
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The iliacus muscle primarily performs which action?
The iliacus muscle primarily performs which action?
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What is the primary role of the saphenous nerve?
What is the primary role of the saphenous nerve?
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Which of the following correctly describes the femoral nerve?
Which of the following correctly describes the femoral nerve?
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Which of the following is a muscle that does NOT contribute to hip flexion?
Which of the following is a muscle that does NOT contribute to hip flexion?
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Which blood vessels are primarily associated with the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Which blood vessels are primarily associated with the anterior compartment of the thigh?
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Which artery connects with branches of the popliteal artery after passing through the adductor muscles?
Which artery connects with branches of the popliteal artery after passing through the adductor muscles?
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What is the primary nerve supply for the medial compartment of the thigh muscles?
What is the primary nerve supply for the medial compartment of the thigh muscles?
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Which muscle is primarily responsible for adducting the thigh at the hip joint?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for adducting the thigh at the hip joint?
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Where does the great saphenous vein connect with the femoral vein?
Where does the great saphenous vein connect with the femoral vein?
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Which artery is a branch of the internal iliac artery and enters the medial compartment of the thigh?
Which artery is a branch of the internal iliac artery and enters the medial compartment of the thigh?
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Which muscle acts to flex the leg at the knee joint while also adducting the thigh?
Which muscle acts to flex the leg at the knee joint while also adducting the thigh?
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Which ligament does the femoral vein pass under to become the external iliac vein?
Which ligament does the femoral vein pass under to become the external iliac vein?
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Which muscle primarily contributes to lateral rotation of the thigh at the hip joint?
Which muscle primarily contributes to lateral rotation of the thigh at the hip joint?
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Which part of the adductor magnus is innervated by the sciatic nerve?
Which part of the adductor magnus is innervated by the sciatic nerve?
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What is the action of the adductor longus muscle?
What is the action of the adductor longus muscle?
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Study Notes
Lower Limb Regions
- The lower limb is divided into six regions: gluteal (buttock), femoral (thigh), knee joint, leg region, ankle joint, and foot.
Thigh Compartments
- The thigh is divided into three compartments by intermuscular septa:
- Anterior (extensor)
- Posterior (flexor)
- Medial (adductor)
Anterior Thigh Compartment
- Muscles: Hip flexors (quadriceps femoris, sartorius, psoas major, and iliacus).
- Blood Vessels: Femoral vessels and great saphenous vein.
- Nerves: Femoral nerve.
- Structures: Femoral triangle, femoral sheath, and adductor canal.
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Quadriceps femoris: Composed of four muscles:
- Rectus femoris
- Vastus medialis
- Vastus intermedius
- Vastus lateralis
- Nerve supply: Femoral nerve
- Action: Knee extension and hip flexion (rectus femoris)
Posterior Thigh Compartment
- This section details muscles, blood vessels, nerves, and other relevant structures, but the specific specifics from the provided images are not listed here.
Medial Thigh Compartment
- Muscles: Adductors (longus, brevis, magnus), gracilis, pectineus, and obturator externus.
- Blood Supply: Deep artery of the thigh and obturator artery.
- Nerve Supply: Obturator nerve.
Sartorius Muscle
- Description: An oblique muscle.
- Nerve Supply: Femoral nerve
- Action: Knee flexion, hip flexion, thigh abduction, and lateral rotation.
Psoas Major and Iliacus
- Nerve supply: Psoas major - L1-L3 nerves; Iliacus - Femoral nerve
- Action: Hip flexion, thigh lateral rotation
Femoral Triangle
- Boundaries: Inguinal ligament, sartorius muscle, adductor longus muscle
- Floor: Composed of iliopsoas, pectineus, and adductor longus muscles.
- Roof: Skin and fasciae of the thigh.
- Contents: Femoral nerve and its branches, femoral sheath and its contents(femoral artery and vein and several branches), the great saphenous and deep femoral veins, deep inguinal lymph nodes, and associated lymphatic vessels.
Adductor Canal
- Boundaries: vastus medialis, adductors longus and magnus, and sartorius.
- Contents: femoral artery and vein, saphenous nerve, and the nerve to vastus medialis.
Femoral Nerve
- Description: Largest branch of the lumbar plexus (L2, 3, 4).
- Branches: Anterior cutaneous branches, motor branches, and saphenous nerve.
Femoral Artery
-
Branches:
- Superficial epigastric artery
- Superficial circumflex iliac artery
- Superficial external pudendal artery
- Deep external pudendal artery
- Profunda femoris artery
- Description: Continuation of the external iliac artery after passing deep to the inguinal ligament.
- Descends vertically in the femoral triangle, exits through the adductor canal, and continues as the popliteal artery.
Deep Artery of the Thigh (Profunda Femoris Artery)
- Description: Largest branch of the femoral artery, providing the main blood supply to the thigh.
- Branches: Lateral circumflex femoral artery, medial circumflex femoral artery, and four perforating arteries.
Femoral Vein
- Description: Major deep vein draining the limb, becoming the external iliac vein under the inguinal ligament.
- Tributaries: Follow branches of the femoral artery (vena comittantes).
Great Saphenous Vein
- Origin: Medial side of the dorsal venous arch.
- Course: Ascends up the medial side of the leg, knee, and thigh.
- Connection: Connects with the femoral vein through the saphenous ring in the deep fascia inferior to the inguinal ligament.
Muscles of Medial Compartment of the Thigh
- Adductors (longus, brevis, magnus), gracilis, pectineus, and obturator externus.
Obturator Artery
- Origin: Branch of the internal iliac artery.
- Course: Enters the medial compartment of the thigh through the obturator canal.
- Bifurcation: Bifurcates into an anterior and posterior branch, forming a channel around the obturator membrane, which lies within the obturator externus muscle's attachment.
Obturator Nerve
- Origin: Lumbar plexus (L2, 3, 4).
- Course: Emerges on the medial border of the psoas muscle within the abdomen, reaching the obturator foramen and dividing into anterior and posterior divisions.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the lower limb, including its six regions and the compartments of the thigh. Understand the muscles, blood vessels, and nerves involved in the anterior and posterior thigh compartments. This quiz is essential for those studying human anatomy.
