Anatomy of the Human Hand

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Questions and Answers

What is the unique feature of the first metacarpal joint?

It is a pivot joint

It is a saddle joint (correct)

It is a hinge joint

It is a plane joint

What is the primary function of the trapeziometacarpal joint?

To facilitate flexion and extension of the fingers

To enable grasping and manipulating objects (correct)

To provide stability to the wrist

To rotate the forearm

In which plane does the trapeziometacarpal joint move during flexion?

Frontal plane

Transverse plane

Sagittal plane (correct)

Coronal plane

What is the range of motion for abduction in the trapeziometacarpal joint?

20-25º Signup and view all the answers

Which rule applies to the arthrokinematics of abduction and adduction in the trapeziometacarpal joint?

Convex rule Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor in the stability of the trapeziometacarpal joint?

Ligamentous anatomy Signup and view all the answers

What type of joints are the carpometacarpal joints?

Plane joints Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the concavity of the palm in the carpometacarpal joints?

To allow the palm to fit around many objects Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the joint between the bases of the second to fifth metacarpal bones?

Intermetacarpal joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the close-packed position of the trapeziometacarpal joint?

Full opposition Signup and view all the answers

What type of joints are metacarpophalangeal joints?

Ellipsoid/condyloid joints Signup and view all the answers

What provides stability in flexion/extension movements?

Palmar and collateral ligaments Signup and view all the answers

What ligaments reinforce the carpometacarpal joints?

Dorsal and volar ligaments Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the head of the proximal phalanx?

Convex Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of flexion in metacarpophalangeal joints?

30-90º Signup and view all the answers

What is the axis of rotation for flexion and extension movements in the interphalangeal joints?

Transversal Signup and view all the answers

What is the axis of flexion in metacarpophalangeal joints?

Transversal Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of motion for flexion in the proximal interphalangeal joint?

90-135º Signup and view all the answers

What type of joints are interphalangeal joints?

Hinge joints Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of arthrokinematic movement that occurs in flexion and extension of the proximal interphalangeal joint?

Glide Signup and view all the answers

In which direction does the palmar glide occur in flexion of the proximal interphalangeal joint?

Palmar Signup and view all the answers

What is the arthrokinematic movement in metacarpophalangeal joints during flexion?

Palmar glide Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of motion for extension in the distal interphalangeal joint?

5-30º Signup and view all the answers

What is the plane of movement in metacarpophalangeal joints during abduction?

Frontal Signup and view all the answers

What ligaments provide stability to metacarpophalangeal joints?

Palmar and collateral ligaments Signup and view all the answers

What type of movement occurs in the distal interphalangeal joint during flexion?

Flexion Signup and view all the answers

What is the arthrokinematic movement in metacarpophalangeal joints during extension?

Dorsal glide Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of the glide in extension of the distal interphalangeal joint?

Dorsal Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of abduction in metacarpophalangeal joints?

30-40º Signup and view all the answers

What is the plane of movement for flexion and extension in the interphalangeal joints?

Sagittal Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Hand

The hand consists of Carpometacarpal (CMC), Intermetacarpal, Metacarpal-phalangeal, and Interphalangeal joints.

Carpometacarpal Joints

Located between the distal row of carpal bones and the proximal bases of the five metacarpal bones.
Allow the concavity of the palm to fit around many objects.
Consist of a capsule and ligaments (dorsal, palmar, interosseus).
Plane joints with slight gliding, except for the first metacarpal joint (trapeziometacarpal joint), which is a saddle joint.

Trapeziometacarpal Joint

A saddle joint with two main axes (flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and opposition).
Located between the trapezium and the first metacarpal bone.
Important function with large functional demand for grasping, gripping, holding, and manipulating objects.
Close-packed position: full opposition with no passive rotation allowed.

Trapeziometacarpal Joint Osteokinematics

Flexion: 25-35° in the sagittal plane around a transverse axis.
Extension: 15-25° in the sagittal plane around a transverse axis.
Abduction: 20-25° in the frontal plane around an anteroposterior axis.
Adduction: 30-45° in the frontal plane around an anteroposterior axis.

Trapeziometacarpal Joint Arthrokinematics

Abduction/adduction: convex rule (1st metacarpal is convex, trapezium is concave).
Flexion/extension: concave rule (1st metacarpal is concave, trapezium is convex).

Trapeziometacarpal Joint Stability

High stress loads, particularly during pinch/grasp maneuvers.
Capsule laxity with a wide range of motion.
Ligaments/tendons provide stability.
Complex ligamentous anatomy.

Intermetacarpal Joints

Located between the bases of the second to fifth metacarpal bones.
Plane joints connected by dorsal and volar ligaments, and interosseous ligaments.
Reinforce the carpometacarpal joints.

Metacarpophalangeal Joints

Located between the metacarpal bones and the proximal phalanges of the fingers.
Ellipsoid/condyloid joints with convex metacarpal heads and concave bases of the first phalanx.
Arthrokinematics: concave rule.
Stability provided by palmar and collateral ligaments, and flexors and extensors muscles.

Metacarpophalangeal Osteokinematics

Flexion: 100° in the sagittal plane around a transverse axis.
Extension: 30-90° in the sagittal plane around a transverse axis.
Abduction: 30-40° in the frontal plane around an anteroposterior axis.
Adduction: 30-40° in the frontal plane around an anteroposterior axis.

Metacarpophalangeal Arthrokinematics

Flexion: palmar glide and palmar roll.
Extension: dorsal glide and dorsal roll.
Abduction (2nd finger): radial glide and radial roll.
Adduction (2nd finger): ulnar glide and ulnar roll.

Interphalangeal Joints

Located between the phalanges of the fingers.
Hinge joints (uniaxial) allowing flexion towards the palm of the hand.
Stability provided by palmar and collateral ligaments, and flexors and extensors muscles.
Head of proximal phalanx is convex, following the concave rule.

Interphalangeal Osteokinematics

Flexion (proximal): 90-135° in the sagittal plane around a transverse axis.
Extension (proximal): 0° in the sagittal plane around a transverse axis.
Flexion (distal): 70-90° in the sagittal plane around a transverse axis.
Extension (distal): 5-30° in the sagittal plane around a transverse axis.

Interphalangeal Arthrokinematics

Flexion (proximal): palmar glide and palmar roll.
Extension (proximal): dorsal glide and dorsal roll.
Flexion (distal): palmar glide and palmar roll.
Extension (distal): dorsal glide and dorsal roll.

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Description

This quiz covers the structure and joints of the human hand, including the Carpometacarpal, Metacarpal-phalangeal, and Interphalangeal joints.