Ch. 7 The Wrist & Hand Joints Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the number of wrist bones and their arrangement?

8 carpal bones, two rows of four form the wrist.

How many metacarpal bones are there and what do they form?

There are 5 metacarpal bones that join the wrist bones.

How many phalanxes are there in total?

14 phalanxes.

How many bones are in the wrist and hand joint including the radius and ulna?

<ol start="29"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Which digit has a sesamoid bone in its flexor tendon?

The thumb. Signup and view all the answers

Can other sesamoids occur in joints of fingers?

True Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the wrist?

Assist in fine motor activities. Signup and view all the answers

How many carpal bones are there and what are their names?

8 carpal bones. Signup and view all the answers

The wrist joint is classified as a diarthrodial, which means?

Freely movable. Signup and view all the answers

What type of diarthrodial is the wrist joint classified as?

Condyloid. Signup and view all the answers

How many planes does a condyloid joint permit movements in?

<ol start="2"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for the wrist joint?

Radiocarpal joint. Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone are carpal bones classified as?

Short bones. Signup and view all the answers

Wrist movement primarily occurs between which two parts?

Distal radius and proximal carpal row. Signup and view all the answers

Name the carpal bones of the proximal row from medial to lateral in the anatomical position.

Pisiform, Triquetrum, Lunate, Scaphoid. Signup and view all the answers

Name the carpal bones of the distal row from medial to lateral in the anatomical position.

Hamate, Capitate, Trapezoid, Trapezium. Signup and view all the answers

What is the smallest carpal bone?

Pisiform. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the pisiform seen easier from the palmar view than the dorsal view?

It lies anterior to the Triquetrum. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most commonly fractured carpal bone?

Scaphoid. Signup and view all the answers

How do scaphoid injuries occur?

Severe hyperextension during falls on an outstretched hand. Signup and view all the answers

What bones form the Sellar/Saddle joint?

Trapezium and 1st metacarpal. Signup and view all the answers

List the carpal bones that articulate with the radius.

Triquetrum, Lunate, Scaphoid. Signup and view all the answers

How do carpal bones appear from the palmar side?

Concave. Signup and view all the answers

What ligaments span the arch formed by carpal bones, and what is it called?

Transverse ligaments and Volar ligaments form the Carpal tunnel. Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by decreased median nerve function due to swelling & inflammation?

Carpal tunnel syndrome. Signup and view all the answers

Which flexor tendons do not pass through the carpal tunnel?

Flexor carpi ulnaris and Palmaris longus. Signup and view all the answers

The MCP joints of the hand are what type, structurally?

Diarthrodial. Signup and view all the answers

Each finger has how many joints and what are they called?

3 joints: Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints, Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints, Distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints. Signup and view all the answers

What classification type are MCP joints?

Condyloid, biaxial; ball and socket. Signup and view all the answers

What are the actions of the MCP joints?

Flexion and Extension, Abduction and Adduction. Signup and view all the answers

The PIP and DIP joints are what specific type of diarthrodial?

Ginglymus, hinge joint. Signup and view all the answers

What are the actions of the Interphalangeal joints?

Flexion and Extension. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Metacarpophalangeal joints?

Mostly fine motor activities. Signup and view all the answers

What bones connect the wrist to the fingers?

Metacarpal bones. Signup and view all the answers

How are metacarpal bones identified?

By number 1-5, starting with the thumb. Signup and view all the answers

How are the bones of the phalanges identified?

Proximal, Middle, Distal. Signup and view all the answers

How many bones do phalanges contain?

14, with the thumb missing a middle bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique seller/saddle joint of the thumb called?

Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint of the thumb. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Overview of the Wrist & Hand Joints

The wrist consists of 8 carpal bones arranged in two rows, each containing four bones.
There are 5 metacarpal bones that connect the wrist to the fingers, numbered 1 (thumb) to 5 (little finger).
The hand has a total of 14 phalanges, with three in each digit except for the thumb, which has two.

Total Bone Count

Including the radius and ulna, the combined total of bones in the wrist and hand joints is 29.

Sesamoid Bones

The thumb has a sesamoid bone located in its flexor tendon.
Additional sesamoid bones can form in the joints of the fingers.

Wrist Functions

The wrist aids the hand in performing fine motor activities.

Carpal Bones and Joints

8 carpal bones include:
- Proximal row (medial to lateral): Pisiform, Triquetrum, Lunate, Scaphoid.
- Distal row (medial to lateral): Hamate, Capitate, Trapezoid, Trapezium.
The smallest carpal bone is the Pisiform.
The scaphoid is most commonly fractured, often misdiagnosed as a sprain, usually due to hyperextension from falls.
The wrist joint is a diarthrodial (freely movable) condyloid joint allowing movement in two planes.

Arch Structure and Ligaments

The carpal bones create a three-sided arch that appears concave from the palmar side.
This arch is supported by the transverse and volar ligaments, forming the carpal tunnel.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome results from decreased median nerve function, which is affected by swelling and inflammation.
The median nerve and the majority of flexor tendons pass through the carpal tunnel, with the exceptions being the flexor carpi ulnaris and palmaris longus.

Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) Joints

MCP joints are classified as diarthrodial and have a condyloid structure allowing for flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.
Each finger includes 3 joints:
- Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints
- Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints
- Distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints

Interphalangeal Joints

PIP and DIP joints are ginglymus (hinge joints), primarily allowing flexion and extension.
The MCP joints support fine motor activities.

Bone Identification

Metacarpal bones are numbered 1 to 5 starting from the thumb.
Phalanges consist of three types: proximal, middle, and distal.
The hand contains a total of 14 phalanges, with the thumb lacking a middle phalanx.

Unique Joint of the Thumb

The thumb features a unique saddle joint known as the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint, which is crucial for thumb movement.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the anatomy of the wrist and hand joints, featuring key information about carpal bones, metacarpal bones, and phalanxes. Use these flashcards to test your knowledge and memorize the basic structures and counts associated with the wrist and hand. Perfect for anatomy students or anyone interested in human biology.