Radioulnar, Wrist & Hand Joints
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Questions and Answers

What type of joint is the proximal radioulnar joint?

  • Pivot type synovial joint (correct)
  • Hinge joint
  • Ball and socket joint
  • Saddle joint

Which ligament forms an osteo-ligamentous ring at the proximal radioulnar joint?

  • Anular ligament (correct)
  • Interosseous ligament
  • Collateral ligament
  • Transverse ligament

What structures articulate at the distal radioulnar joint?

  • Radial styloid and ulnar styloid
  • Head of radius and radial notch of ulna
  • Distal head of ulna and ulnar notch of radius (correct)
  • Fibrous articular disc and wrist joint

Which structure separates the distal radioulnar joint from the wrist joint?

<p>Fibrous articular disc (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerves are responsible for the innervation of the proximal radioulnar joint?

<p>Musculocutaneous, Median, Radial &amp; Ulnar nerves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action that occurs when the distal end of the radius moves medially over the ulna?

<p>Pronation of the hand (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament is responsible for holding the forearm bones together during pronation and supination?

<p>Anular ligament of the radius (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is most effective at supination when the forearm is in a flexed position?

<p>Biceps brachii (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which motion do the tendon of the biceps brachii and the supinator muscle become unwrapped from the proximal end of the radius?

<p>Supination of the hand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures additionally stabilizes the distal radio-ulnar joint?

<p>Articular disc (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is formed between the metacarpal 1 and trapezium in the thumb?

<p>Saddle joint (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many phalanges are present in the thumb?

<p>2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of movement is primarily allowed by the carpometacarpal joints of digits 2-5?

<p>Limited gliding movements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What articulates with the base of each proximal phalanx?

<p>Metacarpal bone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the distal phalanx is correct?

<p>It is non-articular and has a palmar tuberosity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bone is considered the largest of the carpal bones?

<p>Capitate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many phalanges does the thumb have?

<p>2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which carpal bone is boat-shaped?

<p>Scaphoid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What shape is the lunate bone?

<p>Crescent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which carpal bone articulates with the metacarpal bone of the thumb?

<p>Trapezium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a phalange?

<p>Sesamoid phalanx (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many carpal bones make up the wrist?

<p>8 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which carpal bone is known for having a prominent hook on its palmar surface?

<p>Hamate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones is located in the distal row of carpal bones?

<p>Capitate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups includes the bones of the metacarpus?

<p>5 Metacarpals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ulna in the forearm?

<p>It acts as the stabilizing bone. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which joint movements are essential for the process of supination?

<p>Movement at both proximal and distal radioulnar joints. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs at the elbow during supination?

<p>The superior articular surface of the radial head spins on the capitulum. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the radius move relative to the ulna during pronation?

<p>It slides posteriorly over the head of the ulna. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure does the radial head glide against at the proximal radio-ulnar joint?

<p>The radial notch of the ulna. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the motion of the ulnar notch of the radius during supination?

<p>It slides anteriorly over the head of the ulna. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the anular ligament play in forearm movement?

<p>Facilitates the sliding of the radial head against the ulna. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the radius's lateral positioning in the forearm?

<p>It allows the radius to pivot around the ulna. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of joints are the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints classified as?

<p>Condylar (ellipsoid, ovoid) synovial joints (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following movements is NOT a function of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints?

<p>Rotation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ligaments reinforce the interphalangeal (IP) joints?

<p>Medial and lateral collateral ligaments, and palmar ligaments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints allow for which of the following movements?

<p>Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints primarily enable which type of motion?

<p>Flexion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the deep transverse metacarpal ligaments?

<p>To connect the palmar ligaments together and restrict movement of bones relative to each other (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which descriptions correctly characterize the interphalangeal joints?

<p>They connect metacarpals to phalanges (A), They are uniaxial hinge joints (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the movements at the MCP joints differ from those at the IP joints?

<p>MCP joints allow greater freedom of movement compared to IP joints (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Proximal Radioulnar Joint

A pivot synovial joint where the head of the radius articulates with the radial notch of the ulna. It's held together by a fibrous capsule, synovial membrane, and an anular ligament.

Distal Radioulnar Joint

A pivot synovial joint where the distal head of the ulna articulates with the ulnar notch of the radius. It includes a fibrocartilage disc that separates it from the wrist joint.

Anular Ligament

A ligament that encircles the head of the radius and forms a ring, holding it in place in the proximal radioulnar joint.

Fibrocartilage Disc

A structure in the distal radioulnar joint that separates it from the wrist joint, providing stability and cushioning.

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Pivot Joint Type

A type of synovial joint that permits rotational movement around a central axis.

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Pronation

Palm facing down movement of the forearm

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Supination

Palm facing up movement of the forearm

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Ulna's Role in Forearm

Ulna acts as the stabilizing bone in the forearm, positioned medially.

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Radius's Role in Forearm

Radius pivots around the ulna, allowing forearm rotation.

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Proximal Radioulnar Joint

Joint at the elbow where radius spins on capitulum & slides along ulna.

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Distal Radioulnar Joint

Joint where radius slides over ulna's head, allowing forearm rotation at the wrist.

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Radial Head Superior Surface

Rotating surface of radial head that spins on the capitulum during pronation and supination.

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Forearm Rotation Requirement

Forearm rotation needs action at both proximal and distal radioulnar joints.

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Pronation

Movement of the forearm that turns the palm of the hand from anterior (supinated) to posterior (pronated) position.

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Supination

Movement of the forearm that turns the palm of the hand from posterior (pronated) to anterior (supinated) position.

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Radioulnar Joints

Joints where the radius and ulna bones articulate, enabling pronation and supination.

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Supinator Muscle

Muscle in the posterior forearm that primarily produces supination of the hand.

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Biceps Brachii Function

Muscle that assists in supination, and also flexes the elbow. Most effective as a supinator when the forearm is flexed.

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Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint

A saddle joint between metacarpal 1 and the trapezium, allowing thumb mobility

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Digits 2-5 Carpometacarpal Joints

Limited gliding movements, categorized as plane joints.

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Thumb Phalanges

The thumb has two phalanges: proximal and distal.

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Other Digit Phalanges

Other fingers have three phalanges: proximal, middle, and distal.

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Phalange Structure

Each phalanx has a base, shaft (body), and head.

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Carpal Bones

The eight bones of the wrist.

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Metacarpals

The five bones of the palm region of the hand.

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Phalanges

The bones of the fingers and thumb.

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Scaphoid (Wrist Bone)

Boat-shaped carpal bone in the proximal row.

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Lunate (Wrist Bone)

Crescent-shaped carpal bone in the proximal row.

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Triquetrum (Wrist Bone)

Three-sided carpal bone in the proximal row.

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Pisiform (Wrist Bone)

Pea-shaped carpal bone in the proximal row.

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Trapezium (Wrist Bone)

Four-sided wrist bone, articulates with thumb metacarpal.

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Capitate (Wrist Bone)

Largest carpal bone, articulates with metacarpal 3.

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Hamate (Wrist Bone)

Wrist bone with a hook.

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MCP Joints

Synovial joints between metacarpals and phalanges, allowing flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction.

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Collateral Ligaments

Ligaments strengthening the joint capsule of MCP and IP joints, providing stability.

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IP Joints

Uniaxial hinge joints between phalanges, mainly allowing flexion and extension.

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Deep Transverse Metacarpal Ligaments

Connect the palmar ligaments, restricting metacarpal movement.

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DIP Joints

Distal interphalangeal joints. A type of hinge joint.

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PIP Joints

Proximal interphalangeal joints. A type of hinge joint.

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Condylar Synovial Joints

Joints that allow more complex movement than simple hinge joints.

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Uniaxial Hinge Joints

Allow movement in only one plane, like flexion and extension.

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Study Notes

Radioulnar, Wrist & Hand Joints

  • Pivot type of synovial joint
  • Head of radius articulates with radial notch of ulna
  • Fibrous capsule and synovial membrane continuous with elbow joint
  • Anular ligament forms osteo-ligamentous ring with radial notch of ulna
  • Rotation of radius head
  • Blood supply from anterior and posterior interosseous arteries
  • Innervation from musculocutaneous, median, radial, and ulnar nerves

Proximal Radioulnar Joint

  • Pivot type of synovial joint
  • Head of radius articulates with radial notch of ulna
  • Fibrous capsule and synovial membrane continuous with elbow joint
  • Anular ligament forms osteo-ligamentous ring with radial notch of ulna
  • Rotation of head of radius
  • Blood supply from anterior and posterior interosseous arteries
  • Innervation from musculocutaneous, median, radial, and ulnar nerves

Distal Radioulnar Joint

  • Pivot type synovial joint
  • Distal head of ulna articulates with ulnar notch of radius
  • Fibrous articular disc separates distal radioulnar joint from wrist joint
  • Fibrous capsule is attached to articular margins including fibrocartilage disc inferiorly
  • Blood supply and innervation provided by anterior/posterior interosseous arteries and nerves

Pronation/Supination

  • Ulna is the stabilizing bone of the forearm located medially
  • Radius, positioned laterally, pivots around the ulna
  • Rotation of radius at elbow allows rotation of the hand when elbow is flexed
  • Movement is required at both proximal and distal radioulnar joints

Pronation/Supination - Details at Elbow

  • Superior articular surface of the radial head spins on the capitulum
  • At proximal radio-ulnar joint, radial head slides against radial notch of ulna and adjacent areas of the joint capsule and anular ligament

Pronation/Supination - Details at Distal Radio-ulnar Joint

  • Ulnar notch of radius slides anteriorly over convex surface of ulna head
  • Movement of the distal end of the radius medially over the ulna moves the hand from palm anterior (supinated) to palm posterior (pronated)

Muscles of Supination

  • Two muscles supinate the hand (biceps brachii and supinator)
  • Located in posterior compartment of forearm
  • Most effective as a supinator when the forearm is flexed
  • Tendon wraps around proximal end of radius, unwinding from the bone to produce supination

Muscles of Pronation

  • Two muscles are located in anterior compartment (pronator teres and pronator quadratus)
  • They pull the distal end of the radius over the ulna, creating pronation of the hand
  • Pronation/supination movements of the forearm are held together by the anular ligament of the radius at the proximal radioulnar joint and the interosseous membrane along the lengths of the radius and ulna.

Hand

  • Region of upper limb distal to the wrist
  • Subdivided into wrist (carpus), metacarpus, and digits (thumb, index, middle, ring, and little fingers)
  • Has an anterior surface (palm) and a dorsal surface (dorsum of hand)

Bones of Hand

  • Composed of 8 carpal bones, five metacarpals (1-5), and phalanges (bones of the digits)

Proximal Carpal Bones

  • Scaphoid (boat-shaped)
  • Lunate (crescent-shaped)
  • Triquetrum (three-sided bone)
  • Pisiform (pea-shaped)

Distal Carpal Bones:

  • Trapezium
  • Trapezoid
  • Capitate
  • Hamate (has a hook)

Articulations of Carpal Bones

  • Numerous articulating surfaces (joint surfaces) that connect to other carpals
  • Distal row articulates with the metacarpals with limited movement
  • Proximal surfaces of scaphoid and lunate articulate with the radius at the wrist joint

Carpal Tunnel Description and Function

  • Formed by the carpal arch (medial side formed by pisiform and hamate; lateral side by scaphoid and trapezium)
  • Flexor retinaculum spans between medial and lateral sides to form anterior wall of carpal tunnel

Clinical- Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

  • Entrapment of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel (most common nerve compression syndrome)
  • Cause is unknown (but overuse, swelling of tendons/tendon sheaths, cysts arising from carpal joints are possibilities)
  • Symptoms include: numbness, tingling, wasting of thenar muscles, Tinel's sign
  • Therapy: splinting, anti-inflammatories, surgery

Metacarpals

  • Each of the five metacarpals relates to a specific digit
  • Metacarpal contains base, shaft (body), and head
  • The base of the metacarpals articulate with the carpal bones (carpometacarpal joints) and the heads of metacarpals articulate with each other and the proximal phalanges (metacarpophalangeal joints).

Thumb

  • Saddle joint between metacarpal 1 and trapezium
  • Allows notable thumb mobility

Phalanges

  • Thumb has 2 phalanges (proximal and distal)
  • Other digits have 3 phalanges (proximal, middle, and distal)
  • Each phalanx has a base, shaft (body), and head

Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) Joints

  • Condylar synovial joints between the distal heads of metacarpals and the proximal phalanges
  • Movements include flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction
  • Joint capsule is reinforced by ligaments (palmar, medial and lateral collateral ligaments). Deep transverse metacarpal ligaments connect palmar ligaments and restrict joint movements.

Interphalangeal (IP) Joints

  • Uniaxial hinge joints between the phalanges
  • Mainly flexion and extension
  • Reinforced by medial and lateral collateral ligaments and palmar ligaments.

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Radioulnar, Wrist & Hand Joints PDF MSB Lecture 16 2024

Description

This quiz covers the anatomy and function of the radioulnar, wrist, and hand joints, including their types, articulations, and innervations. You will explore details about the proximal and distal radioulnar joints, such as the fibrous capsules, blood supply, and relevant ligaments. Test your knowledge of these critical anatomical structures.

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