64 Questions
What is the space between the lungs where the heart lies called?
Mediastinum
Which valve regulates the flow of deoxygenated blood from the right atrium to the right ventricle?
Tricuspid
Which artery is the largest in the body?
Aorta
What is the pointed end of the heart resting on the diaphragm called?
Apex
Which valve regulates the flow of oxygenated blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle?
Bicuspid (Mitrial)
What is the middle layer of the heart, composed of cardiac muscle, called?
Myocardium
Which node in the heart acts as its natural pacemaker, generating electrical impulses that initiate and regulate heartbeat?
Sinoatrial Node
Which vessels carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
Pulmonary Artery
Which vessel brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
Pulmonary Vein
What is the outermost layer of the heart called?
Epicardium
Which valve regulates the flow of oxygenated blood from the left ventricle into the aorta?
Aortic Valve
What is the innermost layer of the heart called?
Endocardium
What is the function of the Purkinje fibers?
To receive electrical signals from the bundle branches
Where does the coronary sinus collect deoxygenated blood from?
Myocardium
Which sound is associated with the beginning of ventricular systole?
S1 - Lub sound
In which part of the body are sinusoid capillaries found?
Liver and bone marrow
What results in edema?
Filtration of fluid out of the capillaries faster than reabsorption
What is the function of arteries in the circulatory system?
Carry blood away from the heart
What is the unique ability of cardiac muscle to contract without nervous stimulation called?
Automaticity
Which vessels are described as 'exchange vessels' in the circulatory system?
Capillaries
What occurs at the top of the heart where the vessels enter and leave?
'Base'
Which vessels return blood to the heart?
Veins
What is diffusion considered as in capillary exchange mechanisms?
Primary mechanism
What is another name for veins in terms of their function?
Capacitance vessels
What is the mechanism that allows for the passage of large substances such as proteins in the liver and bone marrow capillaries?
Sinusoid
Where is the coronary sinus located in the heart?
Dividing the left and right atria
What results from the pressure of blood against a weakened area in the wall of an artery?
Aneurysm
Which vessels are referred to as the exchange vessels of the circulatory system?
Capillaries
What is the smallest blood vessel in the vascular system?
Capillary
What occurs at the beginning of ventricular diastole when the semilunar valves (pulmonary and aortic valves) close?
$S2$
What is the term for cardiac cells at rest with no electrical activity taking place?
$Polarization$
Where does systemic circulation begin?
$Bundle branches$
What is another name for veins in terms of their function?
$Capacitance$
What is the space between the lungs and beneath the sternum where the heart resides called?
$Mediastinum$
Which valve regulates the flow of oxygenated blood from the left ventricle into the aorta?
Aortic valve
What is unique about cardiac muscle's ability to contract without nervous stimulation?
Automaticity
Which layer of the heart is responsible for generating electrical impulses that initiate and regulate heartbeat?
Myocardium
Which valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle, regulating the flow of deoxygenated blood?
Tricuspid valve
What is the largest artery in the body that regulates the flow of oxygenated blood from the left ventricle into the aorta?
Aorta
Which set of blood vessels carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
Pulmonary artery
What is the function of the Sinoatrial Node (SA Node) in the heart?
Generates electrical impulses for muscle movement
Where is the space between the lungs where the heart lies called?
Mediastinum
Which blood vessel brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
Pulmonary vein
What is the pointed end of the heart resting on the diaphragm called?
Apex
What is another name for veins in terms of their function?
Exchange vessels
What is unique about cardiac muscle's ability to contract without nervous stimulation?
It has its own built-in pacemaker
Which valves regulate the flow of deoxygenated blood from the right atrium to the right ventricle?
Tricuspid valve
Which part of the heart is responsible for coordinating the electrical signals that regulate the rhythmic contraction of the heart muscle?
Atrioventricular Node
What is the term for cardiac cells at rest, with no electrical activity taking place?
Polarization
Where are sinusoid capillaries found, allowing for the passage of large substances such as proteins?
Liver and bone marrow
What results from the pressure of blood against a weakened area in the wall of an artery?
Aneurysm
Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the myocardium and returns it to the right atrium for oxygenation?
Coronary Sinus
What is the term for the space between the lungs and beneath the sternum where the heart resides?
Mediastinum
What is the unique ability of cardiac muscle to contract without nervous stimulation called?
Automaticity
What is another name for veins in terms of their function as blood vessels?
Exchange vessels
What is the function of the Purkinje fibers in the heart?
Carrying electrical impulses to the ventricles, causing them to contract
Where is the sinoatrial (SA) node located in the heart?
Near the top of the right atrium
What is the term for cardiac cells at rest with no electrical activity taking place?
Sinoatrial node cells
Which valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle, regulating the flow of oxygenated blood?
Bicuspid (Mitral) valve
What is the function of arteries in the circulatory system?
Carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart to various parts of the body
What is unique about cardiac muscle's ability to contract without nervous stimulation?
It has its own intrinsic conduction system
What occurs at the beginning of ventricular diastole when the semilunar valves (pulmonary and aortic valves) close?
The aortic valve opens
Where does systemic circulation begin?
'Arteries carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart'
What is diffusion considered as in capillary exchange mechanisms?
The movement of waste products out of tissues into the blood
Study Notes
- Mediastinum: space between lungs where the heart lies
- Apex: pointed end of heart resting on diaphragm
- Base: top of heart where vessels enter and leave
- Aorta: largest artery in the body
- Endocardium: heart's inner most layer
- Pericardium: heart's outermost layer
- Myocardium: middle layer of heart, cardiac muscle
- Epicardium: outermost layer of heart
- Pulmonary Artery: carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs
- Vena Cava: veins carrying deoxygenated blood to the heart
- Pulmonary Vein: brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
- Tricuspid Valve: regulates flow of deoxygenated blood from right atrium to right ventricle
- Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve: regulates flow of oxygenated blood from left atrium to left ventricle
- Pulmonic Valve: carries oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium
- Aortic Valve: regulates flow of oxygenated blood from left ventricle into aorta
- Sinoatrial Node: heart's natural pacemaker, generates electrical impulses
- Bundle Branches: transmit impulses to Purkinje fibers
- Atrioventricular Node: coordinates electrical signals for heart muscle contraction
- Purkinje Fibers: stimulate ventricular muscle contraction and coordination
- Cardiac Output: blood pumped by ventricles per minute
- Coronary Sinus: large vein dividing left and right atria, returns blood to right atrium
- S1 and S2: sounds heard during heartbeats, signal closure of valves
- Capillaries: smallest blood vessels, site of nutrient exchange
- Pericardial sac: double-walled sac surrounding heart and great vessels
- Pulmonary Circulation: right ventricle circulation through lungs
- Systemic Circulation: left ventricle circulation through body
- Aneurysm: weakened area in artery wall, results in bulge or sac
- Arteries: vessels carrying blood away from heart
- Sinusoids: unique capillaries in liver and bone marrow for protein passage
- Capacitance: veins, stores blood for circulation
- Exchange: capillaries, site of nutrient exchange and waste removal
- Edema: accumulation of fluid in tissues
- Diffusion: capillary exchange mechanism for gases and small molecules.
Test your knowledge of the anatomy of the heart with this quiz. Explore key structures such as the mediastinum, apex, base, aorta, endocardium, pericardium, myocardium, epicardium, pulmonary artery, vena cava, and pulmonary vein.
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