68 Questions
Which layer of the heart is described as the innermost layer?
Endocardium
Where is the sinoatrial node located?
In the left atrium
What is the function of the tricuspid valve?
Regulates blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle
Which artery is described as the largest in the body?
Aorta
What does the pulmonary vein do?
Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
In which layer of the heart is the myocardium located?
Myocardium
Where does the aortic valve regulate blood flow into?
Aorta
Which valve separates the left atrium and left ventricle?
(Mitrial) Bicuspid Valve
'Vena Cava' refers to which part of the circulatory system?
'Vein that carries deoxygenated blood to the heart'
Which part of the circulatory system carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
Pulmonary Artery
What does the epicardium refer to in terms of the heart's structure?
Outermost layer of heart walls
Where is the Aortic Valve located?
Between left ventricle and aorta
Which part of the heart collects deoxygenated blood from the myocardium?
Coronary Sinus
What is the function of the Purkinje fibers in the heart?
Stimulate ventricular muscle contraction
Which term describes the blood pumped out by the ventricles in 1 minute?
Cardiac Output
What causes edema?
Fluid filtering out of capillaries faster than reabsorption
Which vessels carry blood away from the heart?
Arteries
What is the main role of capillaries in the circulatory system?
Exchange nutrients with tissues
'Automaticity' in cardiac muscle refers to its unique ability to:
Contract without nervous stimulation
'Aneurysm' results from:
A weakened area in an artery wall
What is the function of the 'Coronary Sinus'?
Return deoxygenated blood from myocardium to right atrium
What is unique about 'Sinusoid' capillaries?
They are found in liver and bone marrow
What is the function of the bundle branches in the heart's conduction system?
Coordinate electrical signals in the ventricles
Which structure is responsible for returning deoxygenated blood from the myocardium to the right atrium?
Coronary sinus
What occurs during S1 of the cardiac cycle?
Closure of the atrioventricular valves
Which term describes the circulatory system involving blood circulation through the lungs?
Pulmonary
What is the primary function of capillaries in the circulatory system?
Facilitate exchange of nutrients and wastes
Where is the aorta located in relation to the heart?
Above the left ventricle
What is the main function of the epicardium in the heart?
Covers the outer surface of the heart
Which structure in the heart regulates the flow of deoxygenated blood from the right atrium to the right ventricle?
Tricuspid Valve
What is the role of the sinoatrial node in the heart?
Regulate rhythmic contraction of heart muscle
Which valve separates the left atrium and left ventricle in the heart?
Mitral Valve
What blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood to the heart?
Vena Cava
Which layer of the heart contains the cardiac muscle?
Myocardium
What does the pulmonary artery do in the circulatory system?
Carries oxygenated blood to body tissues
What is the main function of the atrioventricular node in the heart's conduction system?
Receiving electrical signals from bundle branches
What occurs during S2 of the cardiac cycle?
Pulmonary and aortic valves close
Which structure in the heart returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium?
Coronary Sinus
Where is the pericardium located in relation to the heart?
Double-walled sac surrounding the heart
What is the primary role of capillaries in the circulatory system?
Transferring nutrients, wastes, and hormones between blood and tissues
What does arterial occlusion result in?
"Turkey legs"
Where does diffusion play a significant role in capillary exchange?
Systemic circulation
'Edema' results from what physiological condition?
"Fluid accumulation in tissues"
'Automaticity' refers to what unique ability of cardiac muscle?
"Contraction without nervous stimulation"
What is the function of Angiotensin in relation to blood pressure regulation?
Increase in blood pressure.
What occurs during Diastole phase?
Relaxation of cardiac muscles.
What is the primary function of the purkinje fibers in the heart?
Conduct electrical signals for heart contraction
Where is the coronary sinus located in the heart?
Collecting deoxygenated blood from the myocardium to return to the right atrium
What does 'automaticity' refer to in cardiac muscle?
The capability to generate electrical impulses and maintain a rhythmic heartbeat
Which part of the heart is responsible for generating electrical impulses that initiate and regulate heartbeat?
Sinoatrial Node
Where is the aortic valve located and what does it regulate?
Regulates blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta
What is the role of bundle branches in the heart's conduction system?
Conduct electrical signals to purkinje fibers
Where does the pulmonary artery carry blood in the circulatory system?
To the lungs from the right ventricle
What is unique about 'Sinusoid' capillaries in terms of blood circulation?
They allow movement of large molecules between blood and tissues
Which layer of the heart is described as the middle layer containing cardiac muscle?
Myocardium
What is the function of Vena Cava in relation to blood circulation?
Returning deoxygenated blood to the heart
Where is the tricuspid valve located and what does it regulate?
Between right atrium and right ventricle, regulating deoxygenated blood flow
What is unique about 'Sinoatrial Node' in terms of its role in heart function?
Generates electrical impulses to regulate heartbeat rhythm
Where is the sinoatrial node located in the heart?
Myocardium
Which valve regulates the flow of oxygenated blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle?
Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve
What is the primary role of the aortic valve in heart function?
Regulates flow of oxygenated blood from left ventricle into aorta
Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
Pulmonary Artery
What is the function of the epicardium in relation to the heart's structure?
Outermost layer of the heart
What is the unique ability of cardiac muscle known as automaticity?
Ability to contract without nervous stimulation
What is the function of the coronary sinus in the heart's circulatory system?
Collect deoxygenated blood from the myocardium
In the heart, what describes the circulatory system involving blood circulation through the body?
Systemic
What physiological condition results from fluid filtering out of capillaries faster than it's reabsorbed?
Edema
Which structure in the heart is responsible for coordinating electrical signals that regulate rhythmic contractions of the heart muscle?
Bundle Branches
Study Notes
- Mediastinum: space between lungs where heart lies
- Apex: pointed end of heart resting on diaphragm
- Base: Left AV node
- Aorta: largest artery in the body
- Endocardium: hearts inner most layer
- Pericardium: Outermost layer of the heart
- Myocardium: Middle layer of heart, the cardiac muscle
- Epicardium: Outermost layer of the heart
- Pulmonary Artery: Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs
- Vena Cava: Veins that carry deoxygenated blood to the heart
- Pulmonary Vein: Brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
- Tricuspid: Valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle, regulates flow of deoxygenated blood
- Bicuspid (Mitral): Valve located between the left atrium and the left ventricle, regulates flow of oxygenated blood
- Pulmonic Valve: Set of blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
- Aortic Valve: Regulates the flow of oxygenated blood from the left ventricle into the aorta
- Sinoatrial Node: Heart's natural pacemaker generating electrical impulses
- Bundle Branches: Transmit impulses to Purkinje fibers
- Atrioventricular Node: Located in the atrial septum, coordinates electrical signals
- Purkinje Fibers: Branched fibers found in endocardium, stimulate ventricular muscle contraction
- Cardiac Output: Blood pumped out by ventricles in 1 minute
- Coronary Sinus: Large vein dividing left and right atria, returns blood to the right atrium for oxygenation
- S1: Occurs at the beginning of ventricular systole, signals ejection of blood from ventricles
- S2: Occurs at the beginning of ventricular diastole, closures of semilunar valves
- Polarization: Cardiac cells at rest have no electrical activity
- Capillaries: Smallest blood vessels, site of exchange between blood and tissues
- Pericardial Sac: Double-walled sac that the heart sits in
- Pulmonary Circulation: System that begins at the right ventricle and circulates blood through the lungs
- Systemic Circulation: System that begins at the left ventricle and circulates blood through the body
- Arteries: Vessels that carry blood away from the heart
- Sinusoids: Unique capillaries in liver and bone marrow that allow for passage of large substances
- Capacitance: Also called veins, store and release blood
- Exchange: Capillaries are the exchange vessels of the circulatory system
- Edema: Results when fluid filters out of capillaries faster than it's reabsorbed
- Diffusion: The most important mechanism of capillary exchange
- Diastole: Period of cardiac muscle relaxation
- Apex: Pointed end of the heart, located at the left midclavicular 5th intercostal
- Base: Top of the heart where vessels enter and leave, located at the second intercostal mid clavicular
- Semilunar valves: Aortic and pulmonary valves, both go out to the body
- Atrioventricular valve: Tricuspid and bicupsid valves, connect within the body
- Angiotensin: Increases pressure in the body
- Baroreceptors: Part of the heart that brings pressure down
- Chordinae Tendinae: Two cords responsible for opening and closing the AV valves
- Arterial occlusion: Results in stick legs and no flow downwards to extremities
- Venous occlusion: Results in edema and swollen legs with no flow upwards to the heart.
Test your knowledge on the different parts and functions of the heart including the mediastinum, apex, base, aorta, endocardium, pericardium, myocardium, epicardium, pulmonary artery, vena cava, and pulmonary vein.
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