Anatomy of the Heart Quiz (handout and puzzle)
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Questions and Answers

Which layer of the heart is described as the innermost layer?

  • Epicardium
  • Myocardium
  • Endocardium (correct)
  • Pericardium
  • Where is the sinoatrial node located?

  • In the pulmonary artery
  • In the left atrium (correct)
  • In the aorta
  • Between the right atrium and right ventricle
  • What is the function of the tricuspid valve?

  • Regulates blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle
  • Carries oxygenated blood to the lungs
  • Regulates blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle (correct)
  • Initiates and regulates heartbeat
  • Which artery is described as the largest in the body?

    <p>Aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the pulmonary vein do?

    <p>Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which layer of the heart is the myocardium located?

    <p>Myocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the aortic valve regulate blood flow into?

    <p>Aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which valve separates the left atrium and left ventricle?

    <p>(Mitrial) Bicuspid Valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Vena Cava' refers to which part of the circulatory system?

    <p>'Vein that carries deoxygenated blood to the heart'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the circulatory system carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

    <p>Pulmonary Artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the epicardium refer to in terms of the heart's structure?

    <p>Outermost layer of heart walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the Aortic Valve located?

    <p>Between left ventricle and aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the heart collects deoxygenated blood from the myocardium?

    <p>Coronary Sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Purkinje fibers in the heart?

    <p>Stimulate ventricular muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the blood pumped out by the ventricles in 1 minute?

    <p>Cardiac Output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes edema?

    <p>Fluid filtering out of capillaries faster than reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vessels carry blood away from the heart?

    <p>Arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of capillaries in the circulatory system?

    <p>Exchange nutrients with tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Automaticity' in cardiac muscle refers to its unique ability to:

    <p>Contract without nervous stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Aneurysm' results from:

    <p>A weakened area in an artery wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the 'Coronary Sinus'?

    <p>Return deoxygenated blood from myocardium to right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about 'Sinusoid' capillaries?

    <p>They are found in liver and bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the bundle branches in the heart's conduction system?

    <p>Coordinate electrical signals in the ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for returning deoxygenated blood from the myocardium to the right atrium?

    <p>Coronary sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during S1 of the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Closure of the atrioventricular valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the circulatory system involving blood circulation through the lungs?

    <p>Pulmonary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of capillaries in the circulatory system?

    <p>Facilitate exchange of nutrients and wastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the aorta located in relation to the heart?

    <p>Above the left ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the epicardium in the heart?

    <p>Covers the outer surface of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the heart regulates the flow of deoxygenated blood from the right atrium to the right ventricle?

    <p>Tricuspid Valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the sinoatrial node in the heart?

    <p>Regulate rhythmic contraction of heart muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which valve separates the left atrium and left ventricle in the heart?

    <p>Mitral Valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood to the heart?

    <p>Vena Cava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the heart contains the cardiac muscle?

    <p>Myocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the pulmonary artery do in the circulatory system?

    <p>Carries oxygenated blood to body tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the atrioventricular node in the heart's conduction system?

    <p>Receiving electrical signals from bundle branches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during S2 of the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Pulmonary and aortic valves close</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the heart returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium?

    <p>Coronary Sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the pericardium located in relation to the heart?

    <p>Double-walled sac surrounding the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of capillaries in the circulatory system?

    <p>Transferring nutrients, wastes, and hormones between blood and tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does arterial occlusion result in?

    <p>&quot;Turkey legs&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does diffusion play a significant role in capillary exchange?

    <p>Systemic circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Edema' results from what physiological condition?

    <p>&quot;Fluid accumulation in tissues&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Automaticity' refers to what unique ability of cardiac muscle?

    <p>&quot;Contraction without nervous stimulation&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Angiotensin in relation to blood pressure regulation?

    <p>Increase in blood pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during Diastole phase?

    <p>Relaxation of cardiac muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the purkinje fibers in the heart?

    <p>Conduct electrical signals for heart contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the coronary sinus located in the heart?

    <p>Collecting deoxygenated blood from the myocardium to return to the right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'automaticity' refer to in cardiac muscle?

    <p>The capability to generate electrical impulses and maintain a rhythmic heartbeat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the heart is responsible for generating electrical impulses that initiate and regulate heartbeat?

    <p>Sinoatrial Node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the aortic valve located and what does it regulate?

    <p>Regulates blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of bundle branches in the heart's conduction system?

    <p>Conduct electrical signals to purkinje fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the pulmonary artery carry blood in the circulatory system?

    <p>To the lungs from the right ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about 'Sinusoid' capillaries in terms of blood circulation?

    <p>They allow movement of large molecules between blood and tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the heart is described as the middle layer containing cardiac muscle?

    <p>Myocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Vena Cava in relation to blood circulation?

    <p>Returning deoxygenated blood to the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the tricuspid valve located and what does it regulate?

    <p>Between right atrium and right ventricle, regulating deoxygenated blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about 'Sinoatrial Node' in terms of its role in heart function?

    <p>Generates electrical impulses to regulate heartbeat rhythm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the sinoatrial node located in the heart?

    <p>Myocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which valve regulates the flow of oxygenated blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle?

    <p>Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the aortic valve in heart function?

    <p>Regulates flow of oxygenated blood from left ventricle into aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

    <p>Pulmonary Artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the epicardium in relation to the heart's structure?

    <p>Outermost layer of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unique ability of cardiac muscle known as automaticity?

    <p>Ability to contract without nervous stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the coronary sinus in the heart's circulatory system?

    <p>Collect deoxygenated blood from the myocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the heart, what describes the circulatory system involving blood circulation through the body?

    <p>Systemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological condition results from fluid filtering out of capillaries faster than it's reabsorbed?

    <p>Edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the heart is responsible for coordinating electrical signals that regulate rhythmic contractions of the heart muscle?

    <p>Bundle Branches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Mediastinum: space between lungs where heart lies
    • Apex: pointed end of heart resting on diaphragm
    • Base: Left AV node
    • Aorta: largest artery in the body
    • Endocardium: hearts inner most layer
    • Pericardium: Outermost layer of the heart
    • Myocardium: Middle layer of heart, the cardiac muscle
    • Epicardium: Outermost layer of the heart
    • Pulmonary Artery: Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs
    • Vena Cava: Veins that carry deoxygenated blood to the heart
    • Pulmonary Vein: Brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
    • Tricuspid: Valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle, regulates flow of deoxygenated blood
    • Bicuspid (Mitral): Valve located between the left atrium and the left ventricle, regulates flow of oxygenated blood
    • Pulmonic Valve: Set of blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
    • Aortic Valve: Regulates the flow of oxygenated blood from the left ventricle into the aorta
    • Sinoatrial Node: Heart's natural pacemaker generating electrical impulses
    • Bundle Branches: Transmit impulses to Purkinje fibers
    • Atrioventricular Node: Located in the atrial septum, coordinates electrical signals
    • Purkinje Fibers: Branched fibers found in endocardium, stimulate ventricular muscle contraction
    • Cardiac Output: Blood pumped out by ventricles in 1 minute
    • Coronary Sinus: Large vein dividing left and right atria, returns blood to the right atrium for oxygenation
    • S1: Occurs at the beginning of ventricular systole, signals ejection of blood from ventricles
    • S2: Occurs at the beginning of ventricular diastole, closures of semilunar valves
    • Polarization: Cardiac cells at rest have no electrical activity
    • Capillaries: Smallest blood vessels, site of exchange between blood and tissues
    • Pericardial Sac: Double-walled sac that the heart sits in
    • Pulmonary Circulation: System that begins at the right ventricle and circulates blood through the lungs
    • Systemic Circulation: System that begins at the left ventricle and circulates blood through the body
    • Arteries: Vessels that carry blood away from the heart
    • Sinusoids: Unique capillaries in liver and bone marrow that allow for passage of large substances
    • Capacitance: Also called veins, store and release blood
    • Exchange: Capillaries are the exchange vessels of the circulatory system
    • Edema: Results when fluid filters out of capillaries faster than it's reabsorbed
    • Diffusion: The most important mechanism of capillary exchange
    • Diastole: Period of cardiac muscle relaxation
    • Apex: Pointed end of the heart, located at the left midclavicular 5th intercostal
    • Base: Top of the heart where vessels enter and leave, located at the second intercostal mid clavicular
    • Semilunar valves: Aortic and pulmonary valves, both go out to the body
    • Atrioventricular valve: Tricuspid and bicupsid valves, connect within the body
    • Angiotensin: Increases pressure in the body
    • Baroreceptors: Part of the heart that brings pressure down
    • Chordinae Tendinae: Two cords responsible for opening and closing the AV valves
    • Arterial occlusion: Results in stick legs and no flow downwards to extremities
    • Venous occlusion: Results in edema and swollen legs with no flow upwards to the heart.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the different parts and functions of the heart including the mediastinum, apex, base, aorta, endocardium, pericardium, myocardium, epicardium, pulmonary artery, vena cava, and pulmonary vein.

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