Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which layer of the heart is described as the innermost layer?
Which layer of the heart is described as the innermost layer?
- Epicardium
- Myocardium
- Endocardium (correct)
- Pericardium
Where is the sinoatrial node located?
Where is the sinoatrial node located?
- In the pulmonary artery
- In the left atrium (correct)
- In the aorta
- Between the right atrium and right ventricle
What is the function of the tricuspid valve?
What is the function of the tricuspid valve?
- Regulates blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle
- Carries oxygenated blood to the lungs
- Regulates blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle (correct)
- Initiates and regulates heartbeat
Which artery is described as the largest in the body?
Which artery is described as the largest in the body?
What does the pulmonary vein do?
What does the pulmonary vein do?
In which layer of the heart is the myocardium located?
In which layer of the heart is the myocardium located?
Where does the aortic valve regulate blood flow into?
Where does the aortic valve regulate blood flow into?
Which valve separates the left atrium and left ventricle?
Which valve separates the left atrium and left ventricle?
'Vena Cava' refers to which part of the circulatory system?
'Vena Cava' refers to which part of the circulatory system?
Which part of the circulatory system carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
Which part of the circulatory system carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
What does the epicardium refer to in terms of the heart's structure?
What does the epicardium refer to in terms of the heart's structure?
Where is the Aortic Valve located?
Where is the Aortic Valve located?
Which part of the heart collects deoxygenated blood from the myocardium?
Which part of the heart collects deoxygenated blood from the myocardium?
What is the function of the Purkinje fibers in the heart?
What is the function of the Purkinje fibers in the heart?
Which term describes the blood pumped out by the ventricles in 1 minute?
Which term describes the blood pumped out by the ventricles in 1 minute?
What causes edema?
What causes edema?
Which vessels carry blood away from the heart?
Which vessels carry blood away from the heart?
What is the main role of capillaries in the circulatory system?
What is the main role of capillaries in the circulatory system?
'Automaticity' in cardiac muscle refers to its unique ability to:
'Automaticity' in cardiac muscle refers to its unique ability to:
'Aneurysm' results from:
'Aneurysm' results from:
What is the function of the 'Coronary Sinus'?
What is the function of the 'Coronary Sinus'?
What is unique about 'Sinusoid' capillaries?
What is unique about 'Sinusoid' capillaries?
What is the function of the bundle branches in the heart's conduction system?
What is the function of the bundle branches in the heart's conduction system?
Which structure is responsible for returning deoxygenated blood from the myocardium to the right atrium?
Which structure is responsible for returning deoxygenated blood from the myocardium to the right atrium?
What occurs during S1 of the cardiac cycle?
What occurs during S1 of the cardiac cycle?
Which term describes the circulatory system involving blood circulation through the lungs?
Which term describes the circulatory system involving blood circulation through the lungs?
What is the primary function of capillaries in the circulatory system?
What is the primary function of capillaries in the circulatory system?
Where is the aorta located in relation to the heart?
Where is the aorta located in relation to the heart?
What is the main function of the epicardium in the heart?
What is the main function of the epicardium in the heart?
Which structure in the heart regulates the flow of deoxygenated blood from the right atrium to the right ventricle?
Which structure in the heart regulates the flow of deoxygenated blood from the right atrium to the right ventricle?
What is the role of the sinoatrial node in the heart?
What is the role of the sinoatrial node in the heart?
Which valve separates the left atrium and left ventricle in the heart?
Which valve separates the left atrium and left ventricle in the heart?
What blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood to the heart?
What blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood to the heart?
Which layer of the heart contains the cardiac muscle?
Which layer of the heart contains the cardiac muscle?
What does the pulmonary artery do in the circulatory system?
What does the pulmonary artery do in the circulatory system?
What is the main function of the atrioventricular node in the heart's conduction system?
What is the main function of the atrioventricular node in the heart's conduction system?
What occurs during S2 of the cardiac cycle?
What occurs during S2 of the cardiac cycle?
Which structure in the heart returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium?
Which structure in the heart returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium?
Where is the pericardium located in relation to the heart?
Where is the pericardium located in relation to the heart?
What is the primary role of capillaries in the circulatory system?
What is the primary role of capillaries in the circulatory system?
What does arterial occlusion result in?
What does arterial occlusion result in?
Where does diffusion play a significant role in capillary exchange?
Where does diffusion play a significant role in capillary exchange?
'Edema' results from what physiological condition?
'Edema' results from what physiological condition?
'Automaticity' refers to what unique ability of cardiac muscle?
'Automaticity' refers to what unique ability of cardiac muscle?
What is the function of Angiotensin in relation to blood pressure regulation?
What is the function of Angiotensin in relation to blood pressure regulation?
What occurs during Diastole phase?
What occurs during Diastole phase?
What is the primary function of the purkinje fibers in the heart?
What is the primary function of the purkinje fibers in the heart?
Where is the coronary sinus located in the heart?
Where is the coronary sinus located in the heart?
What does 'automaticity' refer to in cardiac muscle?
What does 'automaticity' refer to in cardiac muscle?
Which part of the heart is responsible for generating electrical impulses that initiate and regulate heartbeat?
Which part of the heart is responsible for generating electrical impulses that initiate and regulate heartbeat?
Where is the aortic valve located and what does it regulate?
Where is the aortic valve located and what does it regulate?
What is the role of bundle branches in the heart's conduction system?
What is the role of bundle branches in the heart's conduction system?
Where does the pulmonary artery carry blood in the circulatory system?
Where does the pulmonary artery carry blood in the circulatory system?
What is unique about 'Sinusoid' capillaries in terms of blood circulation?
What is unique about 'Sinusoid' capillaries in terms of blood circulation?
Which layer of the heart is described as the middle layer containing cardiac muscle?
Which layer of the heart is described as the middle layer containing cardiac muscle?
What is the function of Vena Cava in relation to blood circulation?
What is the function of Vena Cava in relation to blood circulation?
Where is the tricuspid valve located and what does it regulate?
Where is the tricuspid valve located and what does it regulate?
What is unique about 'Sinoatrial Node' in terms of its role in heart function?
What is unique about 'Sinoatrial Node' in terms of its role in heart function?
Where is the sinoatrial node located in the heart?
Where is the sinoatrial node located in the heart?
Which valve regulates the flow of oxygenated blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle?
Which valve regulates the flow of oxygenated blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle?
What is the primary role of the aortic valve in heart function?
What is the primary role of the aortic valve in heart function?
Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
What is the function of the epicardium in relation to the heart's structure?
What is the function of the epicardium in relation to the heart's structure?
What is the unique ability of cardiac muscle known as automaticity?
What is the unique ability of cardiac muscle known as automaticity?
What is the function of the coronary sinus in the heart's circulatory system?
What is the function of the coronary sinus in the heart's circulatory system?
In the heart, what describes the circulatory system involving blood circulation through the body?
In the heart, what describes the circulatory system involving blood circulation through the body?
What physiological condition results from fluid filtering out of capillaries faster than it's reabsorbed?
What physiological condition results from fluid filtering out of capillaries faster than it's reabsorbed?
Which structure in the heart is responsible for coordinating electrical signals that regulate rhythmic contractions of the heart muscle?
Which structure in the heart is responsible for coordinating electrical signals that regulate rhythmic contractions of the heart muscle?
Study Notes
- Mediastinum: space between lungs where heart lies
- Apex: pointed end of heart resting on diaphragm
- Base: Left AV node
- Aorta: largest artery in the body
- Endocardium: hearts inner most layer
- Pericardium: Outermost layer of the heart
- Myocardium: Middle layer of heart, the cardiac muscle
- Epicardium: Outermost layer of the heart
- Pulmonary Artery: Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs
- Vena Cava: Veins that carry deoxygenated blood to the heart
- Pulmonary Vein: Brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
- Tricuspid: Valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle, regulates flow of deoxygenated blood
- Bicuspid (Mitral): Valve located between the left atrium and the left ventricle, regulates flow of oxygenated blood
- Pulmonic Valve: Set of blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
- Aortic Valve: Regulates the flow of oxygenated blood from the left ventricle into the aorta
- Sinoatrial Node: Heart's natural pacemaker generating electrical impulses
- Bundle Branches: Transmit impulses to Purkinje fibers
- Atrioventricular Node: Located in the atrial septum, coordinates electrical signals
- Purkinje Fibers: Branched fibers found in endocardium, stimulate ventricular muscle contraction
- Cardiac Output: Blood pumped out by ventricles in 1 minute
- Coronary Sinus: Large vein dividing left and right atria, returns blood to the right atrium for oxygenation
- S1: Occurs at the beginning of ventricular systole, signals ejection of blood from ventricles
- S2: Occurs at the beginning of ventricular diastole, closures of semilunar valves
- Polarization: Cardiac cells at rest have no electrical activity
- Capillaries: Smallest blood vessels, site of exchange between blood and tissues
- Pericardial Sac: Double-walled sac that the heart sits in
- Pulmonary Circulation: System that begins at the right ventricle and circulates blood through the lungs
- Systemic Circulation: System that begins at the left ventricle and circulates blood through the body
- Arteries: Vessels that carry blood away from the heart
- Sinusoids: Unique capillaries in liver and bone marrow that allow for passage of large substances
- Capacitance: Also called veins, store and release blood
- Exchange: Capillaries are the exchange vessels of the circulatory system
- Edema: Results when fluid filters out of capillaries faster than it's reabsorbed
- Diffusion: The most important mechanism of capillary exchange
- Diastole: Period of cardiac muscle relaxation
- Apex: Pointed end of the heart, located at the left midclavicular 5th intercostal
- Base: Top of the heart where vessels enter and leave, located at the second intercostal mid clavicular
- Semilunar valves: Aortic and pulmonary valves, both go out to the body
- Atrioventricular valve: Tricuspid and bicupsid valves, connect within the body
- Angiotensin: Increases pressure in the body
- Baroreceptors: Part of the heart that brings pressure down
- Chordinae Tendinae: Two cords responsible for opening and closing the AV valves
- Arterial occlusion: Results in stick legs and no flow downwards to extremities
- Venous occlusion: Results in edema and swollen legs with no flow upwards to the heart.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the different parts and functions of the heart including the mediastinum, apex, base, aorta, endocardium, pericardium, myocardium, epicardium, pulmonary artery, vena cava, and pulmonary vein.
