LL Blood Supply, Nerve Supply

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which artery arises from the internal iliac artery and supplies the gluteal region?

Obturator Artery

Femoral Artery

Superior Gluteal Artery

Inferior Gluteal Artery (correct)

What structure separates the gluteal region from the pelvis as the Inferior Gluteal Artery exits the pelvis?

Sacrotuberous Ligament

Greater Sciatic Foramen (correct)

Obturator Membrane

Lesser Sciatic Foramen

Which nerve can be found posterior to the Inferior Gluteal Artery, playing a significant role in gluteal innervation?

Femoral Nerve

Sciatic Nerve (correct)

Pudendal Nerve

Obturator Nerve

Which of the following structures forms the base of the femoral triangle?

Inguinal Ligament Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is located on the medial border of the femoral triangle?

Adductor Longus Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are supplied by anastomoses with perforating branches of the femoral artery?

Pectineus and adductor longus Signup and view all the answers

What structure lies anterior to the inferior gluteal artery?

Internal pudendal artery Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT contained within the femoral sheath?

Femoral nerve Signup and view all the answers

What forms the roof of the femoral triangle?

Fascia lata Signup and view all the answers

What area does the internal pudendal artery primarily supply?

Muscles in the perineal region Signup and view all the answers

Which structure can be palpated in the femoral triangle?

Common femoral artery Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the hamstring is supplied by the perforating branches of the femoral artery?

Superior part Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the femoral triangle?

Wedge-shaped Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the femoral nerve?

Innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve?

Gluteus medius Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the sciatic nerve?

Supplies the hamstring muscles Signup and view all the answers

The saphenous nerve is a branch of which main nerve structure?

Femoral nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for sensory innervation to the skin over the medial aspect of the thigh?

Obturator nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is NOT innervated by the femoral nerve?

Hamstrings Signup and view all the answers

The inferior gluteal nerve primarily innervates which muscle?

Gluteus maximus Signup and view all the answers

The posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh is responsible for sensory innervation to which area?

Skin over the posterior aspect of the thigh Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following regions does the sciatic nerve NOT supply?

Skin over the anterior thigh Signup and view all the answers

What is the mnemonic for remembering the components of the lumbar plexus?

I (2x) Get Lucky On Fridays Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve roots contribute to the formation of the femoral nerve?

L2-L4 Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle does the nerve to quadratus femoris innervate?

Quadratus femoris Signup and view all the answers

The gluteal region is primarily supplied by which set of nerves?

Sacral nerves Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve does NOT arise from the sacral plexus?

Femoral nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which artery does NOT contribute to the vascular supply of the knee joint?

Subclavian artery Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is primarily involved in the sensory innervation of the posterior thigh area?

Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical feature is correctly associated with the popliteal artery?

It bifurcates into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the circumflex fibular artery?

It provides blood supply to the knee joint. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT associated with the popliteal fossa?

Anterior tibial artery Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle forms the upper part of the medial boundary of the popliteal fossa?

Semitendinosus Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is located laterally at the lower part of the popliteal fossa?

Lateral head of gastrocnemius Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of the main components when palpating for the femoral pulse?

Symphysis pubis to ASIS Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the upper boundary of the popliteal fossa?

Medial head of gastrocnemius Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly identifies a characteristic of palpating the femoral pulse?

It can be obtained with a firm downward pressure. Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries primarily supply the gluteal regions?

Internal iliac artery branches Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is primarily responsible for innervating the muscles in the lower limb?

Femoral nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components represents a major vein of the lower limbs?

Great saphenous vein Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the lymphatic drainage of the lower limbs?

Involves both superficial and deep inguinal nodes Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT a function of the lumbar plexus in the innervation of the lower limb?

Sensory innervation of the foot Signup and view all the answers

The inferior gluteal artery is a branch of which major artery?

Internal iliac artery Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the sacral plexus's role in lower limb innervation?

Innervates muscles of the gluteal region and posterior thigh Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is located in the subfascial spaces of the thigh?

Lymph nodes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the adductor canal in the thigh?

It aids the profunda femoris artery in supplying the adductor muscles. Signup and view all the answers

Which artery typically branches off the profunda femoris artery and contributes to the cruciate anastomosis around the hip?

Lateral circumflex femoral artery Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is located within the adductor canal and innervates the vastus medialis muscle?

Femoral nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical significance of the adductor hiatus?

It allows the passage of the femoral artery to the popliteal fossa. Signup and view all the answers

What components make up the contents of the adductor canal?

Femoral artery, femoral vein, and nerve to vastus medialis Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery supplies the neck and head of the femur?

Ascending branch Signup and view all the answers

In what location does the adductor canal open inferiorly?

At the apex of the femoral triangle Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the position of the femoral sheath in relation to the femoral canal?

The femoral canal lies within the femoral sheath. Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve supplies the skin on the dorsal aspect of the foot and the toes?

Superficial fibular nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the main artery supplying the leg and foot?

Popliteal artery Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for sensory innervation on the lateral side of the foot and the little toe?

Sural nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a branch of the popliteal artery?

Perforating cutaneous artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the common fibular nerve?

Sensory innervation to the foot Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve primarily innervates the skin over the medial aspect of the gluteal fold?

Perforating cutaneous nerves Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is considered the largest branch of the femoral artery?

Profunda femoris artery Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the inferior gluteal artery is true?

Supplies gluteus maximus and its distal attachments Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle forms the upper part of the medial boundary of the popliteal fossa?

Semitendinosus Signup and view all the answers

What is located laterally at the lower part of the popliteal fossa?

Lateral head of gastrocnemius Signup and view all the answers

What structure is found at the upper part, laterally, of the popliteal fossa?

Long head of biceps femoris Signup and view all the answers

Which landmark do you need to press below to palpate for the femoral pulse?

Inguinal ligament Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for the upper part, medially, of the popliteal fossa?

Semimembranosus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the deep plantar arch?

To form the plantar digital arteries for toe supply Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the role of the valves in veins?

They occlude the lumen to prevent blood reflux Signup and view all the answers

What vessel does the deep plantar artery branch from?

Dorsalis pedis artery Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when the valve cusps are full?

They occlude the lumen and prevent reflux Signup and view all the answers

What are the plantar metatarsal arteries responsible for?

Supplying the adjacent digits of the foot Signup and view all the answers

What nerve innervates the skin on most of the anterior two-thirds of the sole of the foot?

Medial plantar nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which intrinsic muscles of the foot are innervated by the medial plantar nerve?

Flexor hallucis brevis Signup and view all the answers

What does the lateral plantar nerve innervate in the foot?

All intrinsic muscles except those supplied by the medial plantar nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for sensory innervation on the lateral side of the foot and little toe?

Sural nerve Signup and view all the answers

Where does the tibial nerve enter the foot?

Through the tarsal tunnel posterior to the medial malleolus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles are NOT supplied by the medial plantar nerve?

Dorsal interossei Signup and view all the answers

What branch of the tibial nerve contributes to the sural nerve?

Medial sural cutaneous branch Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is a cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve?

Saphenous nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the adductor canal?

To allow the profunda femoris artery to supply adductor muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is normally a branch of the profunda femoris artery?

Lateral circumflex femoral artery Signup and view all the answers

What structure is located proximal to the medial supracondylar ridge?

Adductor hiatus Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve passes through the adductor canal and innervates the vastus medialis muscle?

Femoral nerve Signup and view all the answers

What are the contents of the femoral sheath?

Femoral artery and vein, saphenous nerve, and nerve to vastus medialis Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for the adductor canal?

Hunter’s canal Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery?

Connect with the popliteal artery and join the cruciate anastomosis Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve contributes to the sensory innervation of the medial aspect of the thigh?

Saphenous nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve supplies the skin on the dorsal aspect of the foot and toes?

Superficial fibular nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nerves is responsible for innervating the skin on the lateral side of the foot and the little toe?

Sural nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is considered the chief artery to the thigh?

Profunda femoris artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the popliteal artery?

Serve as the major blood supply of the leg and foot Signup and view all the answers

Which area of skin is primarily innervated by the deep fibular nerve?

Dorsal aspect of the toes I and II Signup and view all the answers

Which two branches does the superficial fibular nerve divide into as it enters the foot?

Medial and lateral branches Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the common fibular nerve and the femoral artery?

It runs parallel to the femoral artery through the adductor canal Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is NOT supplied by branches of the popliteal artery?

Sural nerve Signup and view all the answers

Anterior ramus of will converge to form the lumbosacral plexus that enters the _

<ol> <li>L4-L5</li> <li>Pelvic cavity</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Gluteal nerves are under which plexus?

Sacral Signup and view all the answers

Iliohypogastric nerve

branches from

Innervates

<ol> <li>L1</li> <li>Skin of iliac crest, upper inguinal and hypogastric regions + part abdominal m.</li> </ol> *most superior Signup and view all the answers

Ilio-inguinal nerve

branches from

Innervates

<ol> <li>L1</li> <li>skin of upper medial thigh</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Genitofemoral nerve

branches from

Innervates

<ol> <li>L1-L2</li> <li>perineum, skin of upper central thigh</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Lateral Cutaneous nerve

branches from

Innervates

<ol> <li>L2-L3</li> <li>Skin of the lateral thigh</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Obturator nerve

branches from

Innervates

<ol> <li>L2-L4</li> <li>medial thigh except the adductor magnus, hamstring part</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Femoral nerve

branches from

Innervates

<ol> <li>L2-L4</li> <li>Anterior thigh</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Saphenous nerve

Stems from

Innervates

<ol> <li>Femoral n.</li> <li>Anteromedial leg + Medial foot</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Nerve that innervates Gemellus Inferior

Nerve to Quadratus femoris Signup and view all the answers

All muscles in the skin and foot are innervated by

Sciatic nerve (L4-S3) Signup and view all the answers

Root of Superior Gluteal Nerve

L4-S1 Signup and view all the answers

Root of Inferior Gluteal Nerve

L5-S2 Signup and view all the answers

Root of Nerve to Quadratus Femoris

L4-S1 Signup and view all the answers

Root of Nerve to Obturator Internus

L5-S2 Signup and view all the answers

Root of Posterior Cutaneous Nerve

S1-S3 Signup and view all the answers

Root of Perforating Cutaneous Nerve

S2-S3 Signup and view all the answers

Root and innervation of. Pudendal Nerve

<ol> <li>S2-S4</li> <li>Perineal structures</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Largest nerve int he body

Sciatic nerve Signup and view all the answers

When does sciatic nerve divide into its branches?

Enters posterior compartment through greater sciatic foramen > Common fibular and tibial nerve Signup and view all the answers

All intrinsic muscles of the foot is innervated by

Tibial nerve Signup and view all the answers

Difference between sural and saphenous nerve

Sural nerve innervates lateral side of the foot Saphenous nerve - medial side Signup and view all the answers

Major sensory nerve in the sole of the foot

Medial Plantar nerve Signup and view all the answers

Skin on the dorsal aspect of the foot and toes are innervated by?

Superficial Fibular nerve Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Inferior Gluteal Artery

Arises from the internal iliac artery
Passes posteriorly through the parietal pelvic fascia between the S1 and S2 nerve (or S2 and S3 nerve)
Descends medially to the sciatic nerve
Enters the gluteal region deep to the gluteus maximus muscle
Leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis muscle
Anastomoses with perforating branches of the femoral artery
Supplies the gluteus maximus, obturator internus, quadratus femoris, and the superior part of the hamstring muscles

Internal Pudendal Artery

Lies anterior to the inferior gluteal artery
Supplies the skin, external genitalia, and muscles in the perineal region
Does not supply any structures in the gluteal region or posterior thigh

Femoral Triangle

A subfascial, wedge-shaped depression formed by the muscles of the upper anterior thigh, at the junction between the anterior abdominal wall and the lower limb
Borders:
- Base: Inguinal ligament
- Medial Border: Adductor longus
- Lateral Margin: Sartorius
- Floor: Pectineus (medially), adductor longus, and iliopsoas (laterally)
- Apex: Continuous with the adductor canal
- Roof: Fascia lata and cribriform fascia, subcutaneous tissue, and skin

Femoral Triangle Contents

Femoral Nerve:
- Can be palpated in the femoral triangle, inferior to the inguinal ligament and mid-way between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic symphysis
- Not contained in the femoral sheath
Femoral Artery
Femoral Vein
Lymphatics

Femoral Nerve

Originates from L2 - L4 nerve roots
Leaves the abdomen by passing through the gap between the inguinal ligament and the superior margin of the pelvis
Enters the femoral triangle on the anteromedial aspect of the thigh
Innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh
Supplies the skin over the anterior aspect of the thigh, the anteromedial side of the knee, and the medial side of the foot
Gives rise to branches in the abdomen to innervate the iliacus and pectineus muscles with contributions to the following:
- Anterior cutaneous branches: Supply skin on the front of the thigh and knee
- Motor nerves: Supply the quadriceps femoris muscles (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and vastus intermedius) and the sartorius muscle
- Saphenous nerve: Supplies the skin on the anteromedial side of the leg and medial side of the foot

Branches of the Lumbar Plexus

Iliohypogastric Nerve (T12-L1)
Ilio-inguinal Nerve (T12-L1)
Genitofemoral Nerve (L1-L2)
Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh (L2-L3)
Obturator Nerve (L2-L4)
Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)

Gluteal Nerves

Major motor nerves of the gluteal region:
- Superior Gluteal Nerve: (L4-S1) Innervates the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fasciae latae muscles
- Inferior Gluteal Nerve: (L5-S2) Innervates the gluteus maximus muscle
- Nerve to Quadratus Femoris: (L4-S1) Innervates the gemellus inferior and quadratus femoris muscles
- Nerve to Obturator Internus: (L5-S2) Innervates the gemellus superios and obturator internus muscles
- Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh: (S1-S3) Supplies a longitudinal band of skin over the posterior aspect of the thigh and upper leg
- Perforating Cutaneous Nerve: (S2-S3) Supplies the skin over the medial aspect of the gluteal fold
- Sciatic Nerve: (L4-S3) Innervates the posterior compartment of the thigh, hamstring part of the adductor magnus, all muscles in the leg and foot, the skin on the lateral side of the leg, the lateral side, and soles of the foot

Sciatic Nerve

Largest nerve in the body
Continuation of the main part of the sacral plexus
Does not supply/innervate any of the structures in the gluteal region
Supplies the articular branches of all of the joints of the lower limb
Supplies the hamstring part of the adductor magnus, all muscles in the leg and foot, skin on the lateral side of the leg, the lateral side, and soles of the foot

Gluteal Region

The gluteal region acts as a bridge between the trunk and lower limb.
While physically part of the trunk, it is considered functionally part of the lower limb.
The gluteal region's blood supply stems from the internal iliac artery, with variations occurring in the origins of the arteries.
Key branches of the internal iliac artery supplying the region:
- Inferior gluteal artery
- Superior Gluteal Artery
- Internal Pudendal artery
The profunda femoris artery contributes to the adductor muscle blood supply through its anterior and posterior branches.

Adductor Canal

Also known as the Subsartorial canal or Hunter’s canal.
Located deep in the thigh and continuous with the femoral triangle apex.
Acts as a pathway for the major neurovascular bundle of the thigh.
The adductor canal is traversed by this bundle in the middle third of the thigh.
Contents of the adductor canal:
- Femoral artery and vein
- Saphenous nerve
- Nerve to vastus medialis

Adductor Hiatus

Located proximal to the medial supracondylar ridge.
It is the gap between the adductor magnus's aponeurotic adductor and tendinous hamstring attachments.

Popliteal Fossa Boundaries

This area is important for understanding the blood supply and nerves of the lower leg.
Key landmarks and their corresponding structures:
- Upper part, medially: Distal end of semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles.
- Upper part, laterally: Distal end of the long head of biceps femoris muscle.
- Lower part, medially: Medial head of gastrocnemius muscle.
- Lower part, laterally: Plantaris muscle and lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle.

Popliteal Fossa Contents

Include:
- Popliteal arteries, veins, and their tributaries.
- Tibial and common fibular nerves.
- Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh.
- Popliteal lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels.

Anastomosis of Arteries Around the Knee

This is the network of blood vessels connecting the thigh and leg.
Vessels involved:
- Descending and genicular branches from the femoral, popliteal, and lateral circumflex femoral arteries: providing vascular supply to the knee joint.
- Circumflex fibular artery and recurrent branches from the anterior tibial artery: originating from the leg.

Popliteal Artery

The main blood supplier to the leg and foot.
Originates from the femoral artery and continues through the adductor canal.

Common Fibular Nerve

Located in the popliteal fossa.
Divides to form two branches:
- Superficial fibular nerve - responsible for skin innervation on the dorsal aspect of the foot and toes except for the adjacent sides of toes I and II which is supplied by the deep fibular nerve and the lateral side of the foot and little toe which is supplied by the sural nerve.
- Deep fibular nerve - penetrates the lower leg's deep fascia and enters the foot, splitting into medial and lateral branches that provide dorsal innervation for the foot and toes.

REVIEW QUESTIONS

The semitendinosus forms the superolateral boundary of the popliteal fossa. (True)
The superficial branch of the inferior gluteal artery supplies the gluteus maximus and the skin over its proximal attachment. (True)
The Profunda Femoris Artery is the largest branch of the femoral artery and is the chief artery of the thigh. (True)
The major blood supply of the leg and foot is the popliteal artery. (True)
The femoral vein becomes the external iliac vein as it passes the inguinal ligament. (True)
Skin over the medial aspect of the gluteal fold is innervated by perforating cutaneous nerves (S2-S3). (True)

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore the anatomy and functions of the inferior gluteal and internal pudendal arteries. Learn about their origins, pathways, and the areas they supply, as well as the femoral triangle's structure. This quiz is ideal for those studying human anatomy and vascular systems.