LL Blood Supply, Nerve Supply
119 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which artery arises from the internal iliac artery and supplies the gluteal region?

  • Obturator Artery
  • Femoral Artery
  • Superior Gluteal Artery
  • Inferior Gluteal Artery (correct)

    • What structure separates the gluteal region from the pelvis as the Inferior Gluteal Artery exits the pelvis?

  • Sacrotuberous Ligament
  • Greater Sciatic Foramen (correct)
  • Obturator Membrane
  • Lesser Sciatic Foramen

    • Which nerve can be found posterior to the Inferior Gluteal Artery, playing a significant role in gluteal innervation?

  • Femoral Nerve
  • Sciatic Nerve (correct)
  • Pudendal Nerve
  • Obturator Nerve

    • Which of the following structures forms the base of the femoral triangle?

    <p>Inguinal Ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is located on the medial border of the femoral triangle?

    <p>Adductor Longus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles are supplied by anastomoses with perforating branches of the femoral artery?

    <p>Pectineus and adductor longus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure lies anterior to the inferior gluteal artery?

    <p>Internal pudendal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT contained within the femoral sheath?

    <p>Femoral nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the roof of the femoral triangle?

    <p>Fascia lata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area does the internal pudendal artery primarily supply?

    <p>Muscles in the perineal region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure can be palpated in the femoral triangle?

    <p>Common femoral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the hamstring is supplied by the perforating branches of the femoral artery?

    <p>Superior part</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the femoral triangle?

    <p>Wedge-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the femoral nerve?

    <p>Innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve?

    <p>Gluteus medius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the sciatic nerve?

    <p>Supplies the hamstring muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The saphenous nerve is a branch of which main nerve structure?

    <p>Femoral nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for sensory innervation to the skin over the medial aspect of the thigh?

    <p>Obturator nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is NOT innervated by the femoral nerve?

    <p>Hamstrings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The inferior gluteal nerve primarily innervates which muscle?

    <p>Gluteus maximus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh is responsible for sensory innervation to which area?

    <p>Skin over the posterior aspect of the thigh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following regions does the sciatic nerve NOT supply?

    <p>Skin over the anterior thigh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mnemonic for remembering the components of the lumbar plexus?

    <p>I (2x) Get Lucky On Fridays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve roots contribute to the formation of the femoral nerve?

    <p>L2-L4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle does the nerve to quadratus femoris innervate?

    <p>Quadratus femoris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The gluteal region is primarily supplied by which set of nerves?

    <p>Sacral nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve does NOT arise from the sacral plexus?

    <p>Femoral nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery does NOT contribute to the vascular supply of the knee joint?

    <p>Subclavian artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is primarily involved in the sensory innervation of the posterior thigh area?

    <p>Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical feature is correctly associated with the popliteal artery?

    <p>It bifurcates into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the circumflex fibular artery?

    <p>It provides blood supply to the knee joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is NOT associated with the popliteal fossa?

    <p>Anterior tibial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle forms the upper part of the medial boundary of the popliteal fossa?

    <p>Semitendinosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is located laterally at the lower part of the popliteal fossa?

    <p>Lateral head of gastrocnemius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of the main components when palpating for the femoral pulse?

    <p>Symphysis pubis to ASIS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT part of the upper boundary of the popliteal fossa?

    <p>Medial head of gastrocnemius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly identifies a characteristic of palpating the femoral pulse?

    <p>It can be obtained with a firm downward pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arteries primarily supply the gluteal regions?

    <p>Internal iliac artery branches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is primarily responsible for innervating the muscles in the lower limb?

    <p>Femoral nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components represents a major vein of the lower limbs?

    <p>Great saphenous vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the lymphatic drainage of the lower limbs?

    <p>Involves both superficial and deep inguinal nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT a function of the lumbar plexus in the innervation of the lower limb?

    <p>Sensory innervation of the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The inferior gluteal artery is a branch of which major artery?

    <p>Internal iliac artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the sacral plexus's role in lower limb innervation?

    <p>Innervates muscles of the gluteal region and posterior thigh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is located in the subfascial spaces of the thigh?

    <p>Lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the adductor canal in the thigh?

    <p>It aids the profunda femoris artery in supplying the adductor muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery typically branches off the profunda femoris artery and contributes to the cruciate anastomosis around the hip?

    <p>Lateral circumflex femoral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is located within the adductor canal and innervates the vastus medialis muscle?

    <p>Femoral nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anatomical significance of the adductor hiatus?

    <p>It allows the passage of the femoral artery to the popliteal fossa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What components make up the contents of the adductor canal?

    <p>Femoral artery, femoral vein, and nerve to vastus medialis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery supplies the neck and head of the femur?

    <p>Ascending branch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what location does the adductor canal open inferiorly?

    <p>At the apex of the femoral triangle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the position of the femoral sheath in relation to the femoral canal?

    <p>The femoral canal lies within the femoral sheath.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the skin on the dorsal aspect of the foot and the toes?

    <p>Superficial fibular nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main artery supplying the leg and foot?

    <p>Popliteal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for sensory innervation on the lateral side of the foot and the little toe?

    <p>Sural nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a branch of the popliteal artery?

    <p>Perforating cutaneous artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the common fibular nerve?

    <p>Sensory innervation to the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve primarily innervates the skin over the medial aspect of the gluteal fold?

    <p>Perforating cutaneous nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is considered the largest branch of the femoral artery?

    <p>Profunda femoris artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the inferior gluteal artery is true?

    <p>Supplies gluteus maximus and its distal attachments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle forms the upper part of the medial boundary of the popliteal fossa?

    <p>Semitendinosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is located laterally at the lower part of the popliteal fossa?

    <p>Lateral head of gastrocnemius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is found at the upper part, laterally, of the popliteal fossa?

    <p>Long head of biceps femoris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which landmark do you need to press below to palpate for the femoral pulse?

    <p>Inguinal ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for the upper part, medially, of the popliteal fossa?

    <p>Semimembranosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the deep plantar arch?

    <p>To form the plantar digital arteries for toe supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the role of the valves in veins?

    <p>They occlude the lumen to prevent blood reflux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What vessel does the deep plantar artery branch from?

    <p>Dorsalis pedis artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when the valve cusps are full?

    <p>They occlude the lumen and prevent reflux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the plantar metatarsal arteries responsible for?

    <p>Supplying the adjacent digits of the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nerve innervates the skin on most of the anterior two-thirds of the sole of the foot?

    <p>Medial plantar nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intrinsic muscles of the foot are innervated by the medial plantar nerve?

    <p>Flexor hallucis brevis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the lateral plantar nerve innervate in the foot?

    <p>All intrinsic muscles except those supplied by the medial plantar nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for sensory innervation on the lateral side of the foot and little toe?

    <p>Sural nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the tibial nerve enter the foot?

    <p>Through the tarsal tunnel posterior to the medial malleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles are NOT supplied by the medial plantar nerve?

    <p>Dorsal interossei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What branch of the tibial nerve contributes to the sural nerve?

    <p>Medial sural cutaneous branch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is a cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve?

    <p>Saphenous nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the adductor canal?

    <p>To allow the profunda femoris artery to supply adductor muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is normally a branch of the profunda femoris artery?

    <p>Lateral circumflex femoral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is located proximal to the medial supracondylar ridge?

    <p>Adductor hiatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve passes through the adductor canal and innervates the vastus medialis muscle?

    <p>Femoral nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the contents of the femoral sheath?

    <p>Femoral artery and vein, saphenous nerve, and nerve to vastus medialis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for the adductor canal?

    <p>Hunter’s canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery?

    <p>Connect with the popliteal artery and join the cruciate anastomosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve contributes to the sensory innervation of the medial aspect of the thigh?

    <p>Saphenous nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the skin on the dorsal aspect of the foot and toes?

    <p>Superficial fibular nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nerves is responsible for innervating the skin on the lateral side of the foot and the little toe?

    <p>Sural nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is considered the chief artery to the thigh?

    <p>Profunda femoris artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the popliteal artery?

    <p>Serve as the major blood supply of the leg and foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of skin is primarily innervated by the deep fibular nerve?

    <p>Dorsal aspect of the toes I and II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two branches does the superficial fibular nerve divide into as it enters the foot?

    <p>Medial and lateral branches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the common fibular nerve and the femoral artery?

    <p>It runs parallel to the femoral artery through the adductor canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is NOT supplied by branches of the popliteal artery?

    <p>Sural nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anterior ramus of ____ will converge to form the lumbosacral plexus that enters the _____

    <ol> <li>L4-L5</li> <li>Pelvic cavity</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    Gluteal nerves are under which plexus?

    <p>Sacral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Iliohypogastric nerve

    1. branches from
    2. Innervates

    <ol> <li>L1</li> <li>Skin of iliac crest, upper inguinal and hypogastric regions + part abdominal m.</li> </ol> <p>*most superior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ilio-inguinal nerve

    1. branches from
    2. Innervates

    <ol> <li>L1</li> <li>skin of upper medial thigh</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    Genitofemoral nerve

    1. branches from
    2. Innervates

    <ol> <li>L1-L2</li> <li>perineum, skin of upper central thigh</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    Lateral Cutaneous nerve

    1. branches from
    2. Innervates

    <ol> <li>L2-L3</li> <li>Skin of the lateral thigh</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    Obturator nerve

    1. branches from
    2. Innervates

    <ol> <li>L2-L4</li> <li>medial thigh except the adductor magnus, hamstring part</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    Femoral nerve

    1. branches from
    2. Innervates

    <ol> <li>L2-L4</li> <li>Anterior thigh</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    Saphenous nerve

    1. Stems from
    2. Innervates

    <ol> <li>Femoral n.</li> <li>Anteromedial leg + Medial foot</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    Nerve that innervates Gemellus Inferior

    <p>Nerve to Quadratus femoris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All muscles in the skin and foot are innervated by

    <p>Sciatic nerve (L4-S3)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Root of Superior Gluteal Nerve

    <p>L4-S1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Root of Inferior Gluteal Nerve

    <p>L5-S2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Root of Nerve to Quadratus Femoris

    <p>L4-S1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Root of Nerve to Obturator Internus

    <p>L5-S2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Root of Posterior Cutaneous Nerve

    <p>S1-S3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Root of Perforating Cutaneous Nerve

    <p>S2-S3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Root and innervation of. Pudendal Nerve

    <ol> <li>S2-S4</li> <li>Perineal structures</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    Largest nerve int he body

    <p>Sciatic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does sciatic nerve divide into its branches?

    <p>Enters posterior compartment through greater sciatic foramen &gt; Common fibular and tibial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All intrinsic muscles of the foot is innervated by

    <p>Tibial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Difference between sural and saphenous nerve

    <p>Sural nerve innervates lateral side of the foot Saphenous nerve - medial side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Major sensory nerve in the sole of the foot

    <p>Medial Plantar nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Skin on the dorsal aspect of the foot and toes are innervated by?

    <p>Superficial Fibular nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Inferior Gluteal Artery

    • Arises from the internal iliac artery
    • Passes posteriorly through the parietal pelvic fascia between the S1 and S2 nerve (or S2 and S3 nerve)
    • Descends medially to the sciatic nerve
    • Enters the gluteal region deep to the gluteus maximus muscle
    • Leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis muscle
    • Anastomoses with perforating branches of the femoral artery
    • Supplies the gluteus maximus, obturator internus, quadratus femoris, and the superior part of the hamstring muscles

    Internal Pudendal Artery

    • Lies anterior to the inferior gluteal artery
    • Supplies the skin, external genitalia, and muscles in the perineal region
    • Does not supply any structures in the gluteal region or posterior thigh

    Femoral Triangle

    • A subfascial, wedge-shaped depression formed by the muscles of the upper anterior thigh, at the junction between the anterior abdominal wall and the lower limb
    • Borders:
      • Base: Inguinal ligament
      • Medial Border: Adductor longus
      • Lateral Margin: Sartorius
      • Floor: Pectineus (medially), adductor longus, and iliopsoas (laterally)
      • Apex: Continuous with the adductor canal
      • Roof: Fascia lata and cribriform fascia, subcutaneous tissue, and skin

    Femoral Triangle Contents

    • Femoral Nerve:
      • Can be palpated in the femoral triangle, inferior to the inguinal ligament and mid-way between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic symphysis
      • Not contained in the femoral sheath
    • Femoral Artery
    • Femoral Vein
    • Lymphatics

    Femoral Nerve

    • Originates from L2 - L4 nerve roots
    • Leaves the abdomen by passing through the gap between the inguinal ligament and the superior margin of the pelvis
    • Enters the femoral triangle on the anteromedial aspect of the thigh
    • Innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh
    • Supplies the skin over the anterior aspect of the thigh, the anteromedial side of the knee, and the medial side of the foot
    • Gives rise to branches in the abdomen to innervate the iliacus and pectineus muscles with contributions to the following:
      • Anterior cutaneous branches: Supply skin on the front of the thigh and knee
      • Motor nerves: Supply the quadriceps femoris muscles (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and vastus intermedius) and the sartorius muscle
      • Saphenous nerve: Supplies the skin on the anteromedial side of the leg and medial side of the foot

    Branches of the Lumbar Plexus

    • Iliohypogastric Nerve (T12-L1)
    • Ilio-inguinal Nerve (T12-L1)
    • Genitofemoral Nerve (L1-L2)
    • Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh (L2-L3)
    • Obturator Nerve (L2-L4)
    • Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)

    Gluteal Nerves

    • Major motor nerves of the gluteal region:
      • Superior Gluteal Nerve: (L4-S1) Innervates the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fasciae latae muscles
      • Inferior Gluteal Nerve: (L5-S2) Innervates the gluteus maximus muscle
      • Nerve to Quadratus Femoris: (L4-S1) Innervates the gemellus inferior and quadratus femoris muscles
      • Nerve to Obturator Internus: (L5-S2) Innervates the gemellus superios and obturator internus muscles
      • Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh: (S1-S3) Supplies a longitudinal band of skin over the posterior aspect of the thigh and upper leg
      • Perforating Cutaneous Nerve: (S2-S3) Supplies the skin over the medial aspect of the gluteal fold
      • Sciatic Nerve: (L4-S3) Innervates the posterior compartment of the thigh, hamstring part of the adductor magnus, all muscles in the leg and foot, the skin on the lateral side of the leg, the lateral side, and soles of the foot

    Sciatic Nerve

    • Largest nerve in the body
    • Continuation of the main part of the sacral plexus
    • Does not supply/innervate any of the structures in the gluteal region
    • Supplies the articular branches of all of the joints of the lower limb
    • Supplies the hamstring part of the adductor magnus, all muscles in the leg and foot, skin on the lateral side of the leg, the lateral side, and soles of the foot

    Gluteal Region

    • The gluteal region acts as a bridge between the trunk and lower limb.
    • While physically part of the trunk, it is considered functionally part of the lower limb.
    • The gluteal region's blood supply stems from the internal iliac artery, with variations occurring in the origins of the arteries.
    • Key branches of the internal iliac artery supplying the region:
      • Inferior gluteal artery
      • Superior Gluteal Artery
      • Internal Pudendal artery
    • The profunda femoris artery contributes to the adductor muscle blood supply through its anterior and posterior branches.

    Adductor Canal

    • Also known as the Subsartorial canal or Hunter’s canal.
    • Located deep in the thigh and continuous with the femoral triangle apex.
    • Acts as a pathway for the major neurovascular bundle of the thigh.
    • The adductor canal is traversed by this bundle in the middle third of the thigh.
    • Contents of the adductor canal:
      • Femoral artery and vein
      • Saphenous nerve
      • Nerve to vastus medialis

    Adductor Hiatus

    • Located proximal to the medial supracondylar ridge.
    • It is the gap between the adductor magnus's aponeurotic adductor and tendinous hamstring attachments.

    Popliteal Fossa Boundaries

    • This area is important for understanding the blood supply and nerves of the lower leg.
    • Key landmarks and their corresponding structures:
      • Upper part, medially: Distal end of semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles.
      • Upper part, laterally: Distal end of the long head of biceps femoris muscle.
      • Lower part, medially: Medial head of gastrocnemius muscle.
      • Lower part, laterally: Plantaris muscle and lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle.

    Popliteal Fossa Contents

    • Include:
      • Popliteal arteries, veins, and their tributaries.
      • Tibial and common fibular nerves.
      • Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh.
      • Popliteal lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels.

    Anastomosis of Arteries Around the Knee

    • This is the network of blood vessels connecting the thigh and leg.
    • Vessels involved:
      • Descending and genicular branches from the femoral, popliteal, and lateral circumflex femoral arteries: providing vascular supply to the knee joint.
      • Circumflex fibular artery and recurrent branches from the anterior tibial artery: originating from the leg.

    Popliteal Artery

    • The main blood supplier to the leg and foot.
    • Originates from the femoral artery and continues through the adductor canal.

    Common Fibular Nerve

    • Located in the popliteal fossa.
    • Divides to form two branches:
      • Superficial fibular nerve - responsible for skin innervation on the dorsal aspect of the foot and toes except for the adjacent sides of toes I and II which is supplied by the deep fibular nerve and the lateral side of the foot and little toe which is supplied by the sural nerve.
      • Deep fibular nerve - penetrates the lower leg's deep fascia and enters the foot, splitting into medial and lateral branches that provide dorsal innervation for the foot and toes.

    REVIEW QUESTIONS

    • The semitendinosus forms the superolateral boundary of the popliteal fossa. (True)
    • The superficial branch of the inferior gluteal artery supplies the gluteus maximus and the skin over its proximal attachment. (True)
    • The Profunda Femoris Artery is the largest branch of the femoral artery and is the chief artery of the thigh. (True)
    • The major blood supply of the leg and foot is the popliteal artery. (True)
    • The femoral vein becomes the external iliac vein as it passes the inguinal ligament. (True)
    • Skin over the medial aspect of the gluteal fold is innervated by perforating cutaneous nerves (S2-S3). (True)

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Lower Limb Blood Supply & Nerve PDF

    Description

    Explore the anatomy and functions of the inferior gluteal and internal pudendal arteries. Learn about their origins, pathways, and the areas they supply, as well as the femoral triangle's structure. This quiz is ideal for those studying human anatomy and vascular systems.

    More Like This

    Inferior Vena Cava Anatomy Quiz
    6 questions

    Cava Quiz: Test Your Inferior Vena Cava Knowledge

    EvocativeSense avatar
    EvocativeSense
    Inferior Gluteal Artery Quiz
    3 questions

    Inferior Gluteal Artery Quiz

    EasygoingPeridot5462 avatar
    EasygoingPeridot5462
    MIOLOGIA INFERIOR
    16 questions

    MIOLOGIA INFERIOR

    EasedTrigonometry avatar
    EasedTrigonometry
    Inferior Check Ligament Anatomy
    10 questions

    Inferior Check Ligament Anatomy

    BelievableSandDune8054 avatar
    BelievableSandDune8054
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser