Anatomy of the Eye: Structures and Layers

The Cornea is the structure of the eyeball that contains cell bodies of rods and cones.

The Ganglion Cell Layer is the 6th layer of the Neural Retina.

The Inner Nuclear Layer contains the cell bodies of bipolar, amacrine, and horizontal cells.

The Aqueous and Vitreous Humour are structures of the eyeball that transmit light.

Bipolar cells are 2nd order neuron cells in the visual pathway.

The visual field corresponds to the image formed on the retina.

Binocular vision refers to the ability to see with one eye only.

The optic nerve is formed by the convergence of cell bodies in the Inner Nuclear Layer.

The Neural Retina is the outermost layer of the eyeball.

Lesion F is characterized by a Contralateral Homonymous Lower Quadrantic Anopsia.

The lowermost fibers of the optic radiations end at the lingual gyrus, which is responsible for the lower to upper reversal.

Lesion G is characterized by a Contralateral Homonymous Hemianopia with Peripheral Sparing.

The supranuclear level is located at the pons.

The macular region has a collateral vascular supply, which is responsible for its preservation in Lesion G.

The frontal eye field is involved in smooth pursuit system.

The direct light reflex occurs in the unstimulated eye.

The optic radiations pass through the loop of Meyer on both sides.

The pontine gaze center is involved in vertical gaze.

The medial longitudinal fasciculus controls and coordinates eye movements.

A lesion of the lingual gyrus can cause a Contralateral Homonymous Hemianopia with Macular Sparing.

Yoke muscles are involved in disconjugate movement.

The large macular representation in the occipital cortex is responsible for the preservation of the visual field of the maculae.

Lesion G can occur following strokes involving the visual cortex.

The occipital gaze center is located in BA 8.

The nucleus of the nerves (CN III, IV, VI) innervating the muscles is located in the infranuclear level.

The Rostral Internucleus of MLF is involved in lateral gaze.

The medial longitudinal fasciculus extends from the posterior commissure to the upper cervical levels.

The ABDUCENS NERVE (CN VI) is located at the roof of the 4th ventricle, in the pontomedullary junction.

The B.COMMAND CENTERS are responsible for controlling the movement of the head.

The ANATOMY Optic & Extraocular Motor Pathways involve 5 levels: Supranuclear, Nuclear, Infranuclear, and two more.

The HORIZONTAL SACCADE system is responsible for vertical eye movement.

The VESTIBULOOCULAR REFLEX (VOR) is responsible for head rotation and balance.

The VESTIBULOOCULAR REFLEX (VOR) involves the ABducens nerve (CN VI) only.

During the VESTIBULOOCULAR REFLEX (VOR), the eyes rotate in the same direction as the head.

The MLF is involved in the SACCADIC SYSTEM pathway.

The PPRF is located in the cerebral hemispheres.

The left superior rectus and right inferior oblique muscles are yoke muscles.

The optic disc is the structure that produces a blind spot in the visual field.

An Argyll Robertson pupil does not react to light but reacts to accommodation.

The vestibulo-ocular reflex is responsible for ocular adjustment in response to head movement.

A lesion of the left optic nerve would result in total blindness of the right eye.

Axons of the optic tract terminate in the pretectal area.

Visual impulses in the accommodation reflex pathway initially receive in Brodmann area 19.

The Doll's eye maneuver is a reflex that involves the movement of the eyes in response to head movement.

The lateral geniculate body is a structure that receives axons from the optic tract.