Anatomy of the Esophagus
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Questions and Answers

What is the major function of the esophagus?

  • Digestion
  • Propulsion (correct)
  • Respiration
  • Filtration

    • How does the esophagus join the stomach?

  • At the pyloric sphincter
  • At the cardiac sphincter (correct)
  • At the sigmoid colon
  • At the ileocecal valve

    • Which nerve is primarily involved in the involuntary phase of swallowing?

  • Accessory nerve
  • Facial nerve
  • Vagus nerve (correct)
  • Optic nerve

    • What prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing?

    <p>Epiglottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscles are present in the esophagus?

    <p>Smooth muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of mucus cells around the cardial sphincter?

    <p>Protection against acid reflux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the digestive system?

    <p>Break down food into nutrient molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is responsible for producing bile?

    <p>Gall bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary process of the digestive system?

    <p>Digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the digestive system is responsible for absorbing nutrients into the bloodstream?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the salivary glands in the digestive system?

    <p>Initiate digestion of carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ plays a key role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the tooth is covered by enamel?

    <p>Crown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mineralizes the enamel of a tooth?

    <p>Calcium salts and hydroxyapatite crystals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the tooth anchors it in the bony socket?

    <p>Periodontal ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines the pharynx?

    <p>Stratified squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the external muscle layers of the pharynx composed of?

    <p>Two skeletal muscle layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is formed by the periodontal ligament?

    <p>Gomphosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major function of the large intestine?

    <p>Reclaiming water and electrolytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the mass movements in the large intestine?

    <p>Gastrocolic reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the large intestine acts as a storage reservoir for feces?

    <p>Sigmoid colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of movements are mostly observed in the ascending and transverse colon?

    <p>Segmenting movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does distension initiate in the process of defecation?

    <p>Spinal defecation reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is synthesized by enteric bacteria in the large intestine?

    <p>B complex vitamins and some vitamin K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of intrinsic factor in the stomach?

    <p>Facilitating the absorption of vitamin B12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of anemia is caused by a deficiency of intrinsic factor?

    <p>Pernicious anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the secretion of enzymes and hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

    <p>Gastrin hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the cephalic (reflex) phase of gastric secretions?

    <p>Aroma, taste, sight, or thought stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase provides two-thirds of the gastric juice released by the stomach?

    <p>Gastric phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

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