Esophagus Structure and Function

Esophagus Structure and Function

• The esophagus is a flexible and muscular tube connecting the pharynx to the stomach.
• It is approximately 25 cm long in adults, with variations in length depending on individual body size.
• The esophagus can be compressed or narrowed at four locations:
  • The junction of the esophagus with the pharynx in the neck.
  • Where the esophagus is crossed by the arch of the aorta in the superior mediastinum.
  • Where the esophagus is compressed by the left main bronchus in the posterior mediastinum.
  • At the esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm, where it passes through the diaphragm into the abdomen.

Esophagus Anatomy

• The esophagus is composed of several layers, including an inner mucosal lining, a submucosa, a muscular layer, and an outer adventitia.
• The muscular layer is responsible for peristalsis, the wave-like contractions that propel food down the esophagus.