Human Anatomy Quiz: Esophagus and Intestines

The innermost layer of the GI tract, responsible for absorption and secretion.

The layer beneath the mucosa, containing blood vessels, nerves, and glands.

The muscular layer of the GI tract, responsible for peristalsis (wave-like contractions that move food).

The outermost layer of the GI tract, a serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity.

A type of epithelium found in the oral cavity, where cells on the surface are flattened and hardened.

Regions of the oral cavity, tongue, lips and teeth, each with specific functions.

The muscular organ at the floor of the mouth, responsible for taste, speech, and swallowing.

The hard structures in the mouth that help break down food.

The point where the esophagus connects to the stomach. This is a crucial transition zone as the epithelial lining changes dramatically.

The stomach's muscular lining that helps churn and mix food with digestive juices.

A viscous mixture formed in the stomach from partially digested food and gastric secretions.

Invaginations of the stomach's surface epithelium that contain gastric glands.

A protein produced in the stomach that is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the ileum.

Finger-like projections that increase the surface area of the small intestine for absorption.

A layer of connective tissue beneath the epithelium of the small intestine, containing blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic tissue.

Specialized cells that secrete mucus in the small intestine, helping to lubricate and protect the lining.

Cells located deep within the intestinal crypts that secrete antimicrobial agents like defensins and lysozyme to fight bacteria.

Hormones produced by enteroendocrine cells in the small intestine, regulating digestive processes.

Specialized cells in the epithelium of the ileum that transport antigens to the underlying lymphoid tissue to initiate an immune response.

Located in the submucosa of the duodenum, these glands secrete alkaline mucus to neutralize acidic chyme entering from the stomach.

Aggregations of lymphoid tissue found in the submucosa of the ileum, providing immune surveillance against pathogens.

The boundary between two regions of the anal canal, marked by a change in tissue structure.

A type of muscle that surrounds the anus, under voluntary control.

A type of muscle in the anus, working involuntarily to control the flow of feces.

The point where the rectum joins the anal canal, marked by a change from simple columnar epithelium to stratified squamous epithelium.

The type of epithelium changes at the recto-anal junction, becoming stratified squamous to provide more protection during defecation.

Small, gland-like structures found in the duodenum, responsible for secreting alkaline mucus that helps neutralize acidic chyme from the stomach.

The primary function of the large intestine is to absorb water and electrolytes from the remaining indigestible food, forming and expelling feces. Along with this, it secretes mucus to lubricate the fecal mass and produces certain vitamins.

Invaginations of the large intestinal mucosa that contain various cell types involved in secretion and absorption. These glands contribute to the overall function of the large intestine.

The large intestine has a unique muscularis externa that forms three distinct bundles called 'taenia coli'. These bundles help in the characteristic segmentation and movements of the colon.

The appendix is a small, finger-like projection connected to the cecum. It contains a high concentration of lymphatic tissue and is believed to play a role in immune function, although its exact function is still debated.

The rectum is the final portion of the large intestine, responsible for storing feces before defecation. It lacks the taenia coli and haustra (pouch-like structures) present in other parts of the colon.

The anal canal is the final terminal portion of the large intestine, where feces are expelled from the body. It is lined with stratified squamous epithelium to withstand the abrasive nature of fecal material.

Cells that secrete a viscous, alkaline mucus that protects the stomach lining from the harsh acidic environment.

Located in the neck region of gastric glands, these cells produce acidic mucus containing lysozyme, an enzyme that helps break down bacterial cell walls.

Undifferentiated cells that constantly replenish the epithelium of the gastric glands, primarily found in the isthmus.

Large, round cells in the gastric glands that produce hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor, vital for vitamin B12 absorption.

Cells in the gastric glands responsible for producing pepsinogen, a precursor to pepsin, an enzyme that initiates protein digestion, and gastric lipase, an enzyme that digests fats.

Cells in the gastric glands that secrete various hormones, including gastrin, which stimulates acid secretion, and ghrelin, which stimulates appetite.

Indentation in the gastric mucosa of the pyloric region where the gastric glands open to secrete gastric juice into the lumen.

A short, coiled gland in the pyloric region of the stomach, responsible for secreting mucus and lysozyme for protection.

The layer of the stomach wall beneath the mucosa, composed of dense irregular connective tissue, blood vessels, and lymphatics.

A network of nerves located in the submucosa, responsible for controlling smooth muscle contractions in the mucosa and the secretion of glands.

The muscular layer of the stomach wall, composed of three layers of smooth muscle: inner oblique, middle circular, and outer longitudinal.

A thickening of the middle circular layer of the muscularis externa at the pylorus, controlling the flow of chyme from the stomach into the duodenum.

A network of nerves located between the middle and outer layers of the muscularis externa, responsible for controlling the movement of the stomach wall.

The outermost layer of the stomach wall, composed of a thin layer of connective tissue and a layer of epithelial cells.