Anatomy of Lower Limbs and Planes

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Questions and Answers

Which nodes receive lymph from the arm?

Medial nodes (correct)

Apical nodes

Central nodes

Lateral nodes

What is the direction of lymph flow between lateral and central nodes?

From lateral nodes to central nodes

From apical nodes to lateral nodes

From central nodes to lateral nodes

From medial nodes to lateral nodes

Which nodes are the final recipients of lymph from the arm?

Apical nodes (correct)

Lateral nodes

Medial nodes

Central nodes

Where are the lateral nodes located in relation to the axillary vein?

Medial to the axillary vein Signup and view all the answers

How many nodes are involved in the lymphatic drainage of the arm?

Up to 50 nodes Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the Extensor digitorum muscle?

Common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle of the humerus) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following joints is not extended by the Extensor digitorum muscle?

Carpometacarpal joints of the 2nd-5th digits Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion point of the Extensor indicis muscle?

Its tendon joins the tendon of the extensor digitorum to the second digit Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle does not originate from the common extensor tendon?

Extensor indicis Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the Extensor digiti minimi muscle?

Extends the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints of the 5th digit Signup and view all the answers

What nerve innervates the three digital extensor muscles?

Deep radial nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which direction is characterized by being closer to the back of the body?

Posterior Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'lateral' refer to in relation to the body?

Away from the midline of the body Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms is NOT related to the midline of the body?

Posterior Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the direction towards the midline of the body?

Medial Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms is synonymous with 'dorsal'?

Posterior Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a fixed joint?

It has no movement at all Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the joint between the root of the teeth and their socket in the gum?

Gomphosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of a fibrous joint?

Joints between the humerus and scapula Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the joint between the tibia and fibula in the lower limb?

Syndesmosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the relative frequency of fixed joints compared to other types of joints?

They are the least common type of joint Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following planes is perpendicular to the lower limbs when a person is standing upright?

Sagittal plane Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of the sagittal plane in relation to the body?

Front to back Signup and view all the answers

What is the orientation of the sagittal plane in relation to the heels?

Perpendicular to the heels Signup and view all the answers

In which direction does the sagittal plane divide the body?

Into left and right halves Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the sagittal plane and the body's midline?

The sagittal plane coincides with the midline Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anatomical Planes

Sagittal plane is a vertical plane that passes through the body from front to back.

Directional Terms

Posterior (or dorsal) refers to the back of the body.
Medial refers to the midline of the body.
Lateral refers to the area away from the midline of the body.

Fibrous Joints

Fixed joints, which have no movement.
Examples of fibrous joints:
- Joints between the flat bones of the skull (sutures of the skull).
- Joints between the root of the teeth and their socket in the gum (gomphosis).
- Joints between the tibia and fibula in the lower limb (syndesmosis).

Muscles of the Forearm

Extensor digitorum:
- Origin: common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle of the humerus).
- Insertion: extensor expansion of digits 2-5.
- Action: extends the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and distal interphalangeal joints of the 2nd-5th digits; extends the wrist.
Extensor indicis:
- Origin: interosseous membrane and the posterolateral surface of the distal ulna.
- Insertion: joins the tendon of the extensor digitorum to the second digit.
- Action: extends the index finger at the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and distal interphalangeal joints.
Extensor digiti minimi:
- Origin: common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle of the humerus).
- Insertion: joins the extensor digitorum tendon to the 5th digit and inserts into the extensor expansion.
- Action: extends the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and distal interphalangeal joints of the 5th digit.

Lymph Nodes

Up to 50 lymph nodes are present in the arm.
Lateral nodes, medial to the axillary vein, drain most of the lymph from the arm.
Lateral nodes drain into the central nodes.
Central nodes feed into the apical nodes.