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Questions and Answers
Which nodes receive lymph from the arm?
Which nodes receive lymph from the arm?
- Medial nodes (correct)
- Apical nodes
- Central nodes
- Lateral nodes
What is the direction of lymph flow between lateral and central nodes?
What is the direction of lymph flow between lateral and central nodes?
- From lateral nodes to central nodes
- From apical nodes to lateral nodes
- From central nodes to lateral nodes
- From medial nodes to lateral nodes
Which nodes are the final recipients of lymph from the arm?
Which nodes are the final recipients of lymph from the arm?
- Apical nodes (correct)
- Lateral nodes
- Medial nodes
- Central nodes
Where are the lateral nodes located in relation to the axillary vein?
Where are the lateral nodes located in relation to the axillary vein?
How many nodes are involved in the lymphatic drainage of the arm?
How many nodes are involved in the lymphatic drainage of the arm?
What is the origin of the Extensor digitorum muscle?
What is the origin of the Extensor digitorum muscle?
Which of the following joints is not extended by the Extensor digitorum muscle?
Which of the following joints is not extended by the Extensor digitorum muscle?
What is the insertion point of the Extensor indicis muscle?
What is the insertion point of the Extensor indicis muscle?
Which muscle does not originate from the common extensor tendon?
Which muscle does not originate from the common extensor tendon?
What is the action of the Extensor digiti minimi muscle?
What is the action of the Extensor digiti minimi muscle?
What nerve innervates the three digital extensor muscles?
What nerve innervates the three digital extensor muscles?
Which direction is characterized by being closer to the back of the body?
Which direction is characterized by being closer to the back of the body?
What does the term 'lateral' refer to in relation to the body?
What does the term 'lateral' refer to in relation to the body?
Which of the following terms is NOT related to the midline of the body?
Which of the following terms is NOT related to the midline of the body?
What is the term for the direction towards the midline of the body?
What is the term for the direction towards the midline of the body?
Which of the following terms is synonymous with 'dorsal'?
Which of the following terms is synonymous with 'dorsal'?
What is the primary characteristic of a fixed joint?
What is the primary characteristic of a fixed joint?
What is the term for the joint between the root of the teeth and their socket in the gum?
What is the term for the joint between the root of the teeth and their socket in the gum?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a fibrous joint?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a fibrous joint?
What is the term for the joint between the tibia and fibula in the lower limb?
What is the term for the joint between the tibia and fibula in the lower limb?
What is the relative frequency of fixed joints compared to other types of joints?
What is the relative frequency of fixed joints compared to other types of joints?
Which of the following planes is perpendicular to the lower limbs when a person is standing upright?
Which of the following planes is perpendicular to the lower limbs when a person is standing upright?
What is the direction of the sagittal plane in relation to the body?
What is the direction of the sagittal plane in relation to the body?
What is the orientation of the sagittal plane in relation to the heels?
What is the orientation of the sagittal plane in relation to the heels?
In which direction does the sagittal plane divide the body?
In which direction does the sagittal plane divide the body?
What is the relationship between the sagittal plane and the body's midline?
What is the relationship between the sagittal plane and the body's midline?
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Study Notes
Anatomical Planes
- Sagittal plane is a vertical plane that passes through the body from front to back.
Directional Terms
- Posterior (or dorsal) refers to the back of the body.
- Medial refers to the midline of the body.
- Lateral refers to the area away from the midline of the body.
Fibrous Joints
- Fixed joints, which have no movement.
- Examples of fibrous joints:
- Joints between the flat bones of the skull (sutures of the skull).
- Joints between the root of the teeth and their socket in the gum (gomphosis).
- Joints between the tibia and fibula in the lower limb (syndesmosis).
Muscles of the Forearm
- Extensor digitorum:
- Origin: common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle of the humerus).
- Insertion: extensor expansion of digits 2-5.
- Action: extends the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and distal interphalangeal joints of the 2nd-5th digits; extends the wrist.
- Extensor indicis:
- Origin: interosseous membrane and the posterolateral surface of the distal ulna.
- Insertion: joins the tendon of the extensor digitorum to the second digit.
- Action: extends the index finger at the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and distal interphalangeal joints.
- Extensor digiti minimi:
- Origin: common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle of the humerus).
- Insertion: joins the extensor digitorum tendon to the 5th digit and inserts into the extensor expansion.
- Action: extends the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and distal interphalangeal joints of the 5th digit.
Lymph Nodes
- Up to 50 lymph nodes are present in the arm.
- Lateral nodes, medial to the axillary vein, drain most of the lymph from the arm.
- Lateral nodes drain into the central nodes.
- Central nodes feed into the apical nodes.
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