Anatomy of Lower Limbs

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the obturator foramen?

To provide a pathway for the obturator nerve, artery, and vein (correct)

To form the hip joint

To articulate with the sacrum

To connect the left and right hip bones

What is the posterior inferior aspect of the ischium known as?

Ischial tuberosities (correct)

Intertrochanteric line

Trochanteric crest

Greater trochanter

What are the three main articulations of the hip bones?

Sacroiliac joint, pubic symphysis, and hip joint

Pubic symphysis, knee joint, and elbow joint

Hip joint, knee joint, and ankle joint

Sacroiliac joint, hip joint, and shoulder joint

Which part of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis?

Proximal end of femur Signup and view all the answers

What is the longest bone in the body?

Femur Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ischial ramus?

To combine with the inferior pubic ramus to form the obturator foramen Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the bony ridges connecting the greater and lesser trochanters?

Intertrochanteric line Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pubic symphysis?

To connect the left and right hip bones Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of the shaft of the femur?

Medial direction Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the patella?

To protect the anterior aspect of the knee joint from physical trauma and enhance leg extension Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the notch on the posterior surface of the femur?

Intercondylar fossa Signup and view all the answers

What is the bony landmark that articulates with the tibia to form the knee joint?

Femur Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the bone that forms the shin?

Tibia Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia?

To aid in weight-bearing Signup and view all the answers

What articulates with the femoral condyles to form the key articulation of the knee joint?

Tibial plateau Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the facets on the posterior surface of the patella?

Medial and lateral facets Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the shaft of the tibia?

Prism-shaped Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the fibula?

Attachment for muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the bony projection on the medial aspect of the tibia?

Medial malleolus Signup and view all the answers

How many articulations does the fibula have?

Three Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the pelvic girdle?

To attach the lower limbs to the axial skeleton Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the joint formed by the tibia and the fibula?

Tibiofibular joint Signup and view all the answers

How many parts does the hip bone consist of?

Three parts Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the bones of the foot?

To provide mechanical support Signup and view all the answers

How many tarsal bones are there in the foot?

Seven Signup and view all the answers

What is the age range when the fusion of the hip bone parts begins?

15-17 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the socket formed by the ilium, pubis, and ischium?

Acetabulum Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the bone that articulates with the medial malleolus to form part of the ankle joint?

Talus Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the ilium in the hip bone?

Superiorly Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the inner surface of the ilium?

Concave Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the muscle that originates from the iliac fossa?

Iliacus muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the joint formed by the head of the femur and the acetabulum?

Elbow joint Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Lower Limb

The lower limb consists of four major parts: hip bone (girdle), thigh (femur), leg (tibia and fibula), and foot (tarsal, metatarsal, and phalanges)

Hip Bone

The hip bone is composed of three parts: ilium, pubis, and ischium
The ilium is the widest and largest part of the hip bone, located superiorly
The ilium has two surfaces: inner surface (iliac fossa) and outer surface (gluteal surface)
The pubis is the most anterior part of the hip bone, consisting of a body, superior ramus, and inferior ramus
The pubis articulates with the opposite pubic body at the pubic symphysis
The ischium forms the posteroinferior part of the hip bone, composed of a body, inferior ramus, and superior ramus
The ischial tuberosities are the posterior inferior aspects of the ischium, where body weight falls when sitting

Articulations of Hip Bone

The hip bone has three main articulations: sacroiliac joint, pubic symphysis, and hip joint

Femur

The femur is the longest bone in the body, acting as a site of origin and attachment of many muscles and ligaments
The femur is divided into three parts: proximal, shaft, and distal
The proximal end of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis to form the hip joint
The proximal end consists of a head, neck, and two bony processes: greater and lesser trochanters
The shaft of the femur descends in a slight medial direction, increasing stability
The distal end of the femur is characterized by the presence of medial and lateral condyles, which articulate with the tibia to form the knee joint

Patella

The patella is a triangular bone located at the front of the knee joint, protecting the anterior aspect of the knee joint from physical trauma
The patella articulates with the femur, with two facets: medial and lateral

Tibia

The tibia is the main bone of the lower leg, forming the shin
The proximal tibia is widened by the medial and lateral condyles, forming a flat surface called the tibial plateau
The tibial plateau articulates with the femoral condyles to form the knee joint
The shaft of the tibia is prism-shaped, with three borders and three surfaces
The distal end of the tibia widens to assist with weight-bearing, with a medial malleolus and a fibular notch

Fibula

The fibula is a bone located in the lateral aspect of the leg, acting as an attachment for muscles
The fibula has three main articulations: proximal tibiofibular joint, distal tibiofibular joint, and ankle joint
The lateral malleolus is a prominent bony projection on the distal end of the fibula, articulating with the talus bone of the foot

Foot

The bones of the foot provide mechanical support for soft tissues, divided into three groups: tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges
The tarsals are a set of seven irregularly shaped bones situated proximally in the foot
The metatarsals connect the phalanges to the tarsals, with five in number
The phalanges are the bones of the toes

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Description

Learn about the structure and composition of the lower limbs, including the hip bones, thigh, leg, and foot. This quiz covers the basics of human anatomy.