Hip Joint Anatomy and Function

The articular surfaces of the hip joint are cup-shaped, and they are covered by hyaline cartilage.

The ligamentum teres is a ligament that extends from the fovea of the femur to the acetabulum, playing a role in stabilizing the head of the femur.

The acetabular labrum deepens the socket of the acetabulum, enhancing the stability of the hip joint by increasing the surface area of contact.

<p>The joint capsule of the hip joint consists of a fibrous outer layer and an inner synovial membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cartilage coefficient of friction (≈ 0.002 - 0.01) allows for smooth joint movement, much less than ice (≈ 0.2 - 0.5), reducing wear on the joint surfaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The iliopsoas muscle group primarily flexes the thigh, and is supplied by the femoral nerve (L2-L3) for the iliacus and the lumbar plexus (L2-L3) for the psoas major.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The adductor magnus originates from the inferior ramus of the pubis and ischium, inserting on the linea aspera and medial epicondyle, and is innervated by the obturator nerve (L2-L4) and tibial portion of the sciatic nerve (L2-L4).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The piriformis originates from the anterior sacrum and gluteal surface of the ilium, and it laterally rotates and abducts the thigh.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The muscles contributing to hip flexion include the iliacus, psoas major, and psoas minor, all inserting at the lesser trochanter of the femur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>While both muscles primarily flex the thigh, the psoas major also assists in stabilizing the lumbar spine due to its origin from the lumbar vertebrae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is classified as a synovial ball and socket joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ilium, ischium, and pubis fuse to form the innominate bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main movements are flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial rotation, and lateral rotation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The acetabular foramen allows nerves and arteries to access the joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They limit joint movement and provide stability to the hip joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fovea capitis is the only area on the femoral head that is not covered by articular cartilage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They help in stability, movement, and are important for hip function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The femoral head articulates with the prominent lunate surface of the acetabulum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary supplies are through the medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries and nerves from the lumbar and sacral plexus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hip joint allows for approximately 100° of flexion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The articular surfaces of the hip joint are spherical, allowing for a wide range of motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fibrous capsule attaches proximally to the acetabulum and the transverse acetabular ligament, and distally to the neck of the femur at the greater trochanter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The synovial membrane lines the inner surface of the fibrous capsule and secretes synovial fluid to lubricate the joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The common origin of the hamstrings is the ischial tuberosity, and they contribute to hip stability by allowing hip extension and knee flexion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments reinforce the stability of the hip joint capsule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The long head of the biceps femoris performs hip extension and knee flexion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The iliofemoral ligament is very strong, originating at the AIIS and fanning out to insert along the intertrochanteric line of the femur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ligamentum teres primarily supports medial rotation and hip stability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscles are supplied by the tibial portion of the sciatic nerve, specifically L5-S2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The gluteus maximus extends and laterally rotates the thigh.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The deep fibers of the reflected head of rectus femoris strengthen the anteromedial aspect of the hip joint capsule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sartorius muscle flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the hip joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The gracilis muscle originates from the pubis and inserts on the proximal part of the medial surface of the tibia; it adducts the hip joint and flexes the knee.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The acetabular labrum deepens the socket of the acetabulum, increasing the contact area with the femoral head.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The gluteus medius originates from the outer surface of the ilium and primarily abducts and medially rotates the thigh.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A rupture of the joint capsule can lead to dislocation of the hip joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The gluteus maximus is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve from L5 to S2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The transverse acetabular ligament crosses the acetabular notch and contributes to the stability of the hip joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ischiofemoral ligament resists hip extension and medial rotation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pubofemoral ligament originates from the iliopubic eminence and resists hip abduction and extension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ligament of the head of the femur attaches to the fovea and does not contribute to hip joint stability.</p> Signup and view all the answers