Hip Joint Anatomy and Function

The articular surfaces of the hip joint are cup-shaped, and they are covered by hyaline cartilage.

The ligamentum teres is a ligament that extends from the fovea of the femur to the acetabulum, playing a role in stabilizing the head of the femur.

The acetabular labrum deepens the socket of the acetabulum, enhancing the stability of the hip joint by increasing the surface area of contact.

<p>The joint capsule of the hip joint consists of a fibrous outer layer and an inner synovial membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cartilage coefficient of friction (≈ 0.002 - 0.01) allows for smooth joint movement, much less than ice (≈ 0.2 - 0.5), reducing wear on the joint surfaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The iliopsoas muscle group primarily flexes the thigh, and is supplied by the femoral nerve (L2-L3) for the iliacus and the lumbar plexus (L2-L3) for the psoas major.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The adductor magnus originates from the inferior ramus of the pubis and ischium, inserting on the linea aspera and medial epicondyle, and is innervated by the obturator nerve (L2-L4) and tibial portion of the sciatic nerve (L2-L4).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The piriformis originates from the anterior sacrum and gluteal surface of the ilium, and it laterally rotates and abducts the thigh.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The muscles contributing to hip flexion include the iliacus, psoas major, and psoas minor, all inserting at the lesser trochanter of the femur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>While both muscles primarily flex the thigh, the psoas major also assists in stabilizing the lumbar spine due to its origin from the lumbar vertebrae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is classified as a synovial ball and socket joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ilium, ischium, and pubis fuse to form the innominate bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main movements are flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial rotation, and lateral rotation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The acetabular foramen allows nerves and arteries to access the joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They limit joint movement and provide stability to the hip joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fovea capitis is the only area on the femoral head that is not covered by articular cartilage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They help in stability, movement, and are important for hip function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The femoral head articulates with the prominent lunate surface of the acetabulum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary supplies are through the medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries and nerves from the lumbar and sacral plexus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hip joint allows for approximately 100° of flexion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The articular surfaces of the hip joint are spherical, allowing for a wide range of motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fibrous capsule attaches proximally to the acetabulum and the transverse acetabular ligament, and distally to the neck of the femur at the greater trochanter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The synovial membrane lines the inner surface of the fibrous capsule and secretes synovial fluid to lubricate the joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The common origin of the hamstrings is the ischial tuberosity, and they contribute to hip stability by allowing hip extension and knee flexion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments reinforce the stability of the hip joint capsule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The long head of the biceps femoris performs hip extension and knee flexion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The iliofemoral ligament is very strong, originating at the AIIS and fanning out to insert along the intertrochanteric line of the femur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ligamentum teres primarily supports medial rotation and hip stability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscles are supplied by the tibial portion of the sciatic nerve, specifically L5-S2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The gluteus maximus extends and laterally rotates the thigh.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The deep fibers of the reflected head of rectus femoris strengthen the anteromedial aspect of the hip joint capsule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sartorius muscle flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the hip joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The gracilis muscle originates from the pubis and inserts on the proximal part of the medial surface of the tibia; it adducts the hip joint and flexes the knee.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The acetabular labrum deepens the socket of the acetabulum, increasing the contact area with the femoral head.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The gluteus medius originates from the outer surface of the ilium and primarily abducts and medially rotates the thigh.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A rupture of the joint capsule can lead to dislocation of the hip joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The gluteus maximus is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve from L5 to S2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The transverse acetabular ligament crosses the acetabular notch and contributes to the stability of the hip joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ischiofemoral ligament resists hip extension and medial rotation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pubofemoral ligament originates from the iliopubic eminence and resists hip abduction and extension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ligament of the head of the femur attaches to the fovea and does not contribute to hip joint stability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A synovial ball and socket joint.

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial rotation, and lateral rotation.

The hip socket, formed by the ilium, ischium, and pubis.

The round part of the femur that fits into the acetabulum.

The smooth lining of the acetabulum, promoting smooth joint movement.

Covers the femoral head, ensuring a smooth joint surface.

The non-articular part of the acetabulum.

A gap in the acetabulum allowing blood vessels and nerves to pass; bridged by transverse ligament.

Structures (greater & lesser) on the femur that muscles attach.

The thigh bone with a head, neck, and trochanters.

The acetabulum is a deep, cup-shaped socket.

Fibrocartilaginous ring attached to the acetabulum's rim; deepens the socket.

The head of the femur and the acetabulum connect forming the hip joint.

Friction coefficient for ice is around 0.2-0.5; it is significantly higher than between articular cartilages (0.002 - 0.01).

Articular cartilage has a very low friction coefficient (≈ 0.002 - 0.01).

Two-thirds of the femoral head rests on the acetabulum.

A fibrocartilaginous tissue that deepens the socket of the hip joint.

The acetabular labrum and ligaments provide stability by preventing dislocation.

A strong fibrous structure surrounding the femur head and acetabulum that allows smooth movement.

A strong triangular ligament that reinforces the anterior aspect of the hip joint.

A ligament that strengthens the inferior and anterior aspects of the hip joint.

A spiral-shaped ligament that reinforces the posterior aspect of the hip joint.

Ligaments like iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral reinforce the capsule, increasing stability.

A powerful hip flexor formed by the iliacus and psoas major muscles, working together to flex the thigh at the hip joint.

Arises from the lumbar vertebrae, inserts on the lesser trochanter of the femur, and is innervated by the lumbar plexus (L2-L3). It works together with the iliacus to flex the thigh at the hip.

A large, triangular muscle that adducts the thigh at the hip, also involved in extending and rotating the thigh. It's innervated by the obturator and sciatic nerves.

These muscles, located on your inner thigh, help to adduct and flex the thigh. They are innervated by the obturator nerve.

Most hamstring muscles originate at the ischial tuberosity, except short head Biceps Femoris which originates on the Linea Aspera.

The Piriformis muscle is located deep in the buttock area, extending from the sacrum to the greater trochanter of the femur.

Hamstrings generally insert on the lateral side of the fibula head and lateral tibial condyle. The only variation is semitendinosus and semimembranosus, which insert on the shaft of the tibia and medial tibial condyle.

Hamstrings perform knee flexion and hip extension. The long head of biceps contributes to hip extension.

Sartorius flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the hip joint, and also medially rotates the tibia.

Gracilis adducts the hip joint, flexes the knee, and rotates the tibia medially.

Large hip extensor muscle, laterally rotates the thigh.

Hip muscle responsible for abduction and medial rotation of the thigh.

Intra-capsular ligament attaching to the fovea, with little role in stability, sometimes absent in adults.

Intra-capsular ligament crossing the acetabular notch.

Movement of the hip joint that straightens the thigh and trunk.

Movement of the hip joint that moves the thigh away from the midline of the body.