Questions and Answers
Which term describes a structure being closer to the midline of the body?
In anatomy, what term is used to describe a structure that is away from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body?
Which term is used to describe a structure closer to the surface of the body?
What term is used for movement away from the midline of the body?
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Which term describes a structure being closer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body?
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What term is used for moving a body part toward the midline of the body?
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Which term describes a structure being further from the surface of the body?
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What term is used for moving a body part away from the midline of the body?
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Which term describes structures on the same side of the body?
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In anatomy, what term is used to describe movement that increases the angle between two body parts?
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Study Notes
Terms of Movement
- Flexion: Bending the body part or decreasing the angle between the body parts
- Extension: Straightening the body part or increasing the angle between body parts
- Abduction: Moving away from the median plane (e.g. toes 3-5 moving away from the 2nd toe, or the 2nd finger moving away from the 3rd finger)
- Adduction: Moving towards the median plane (e.g. toes 3-5 moving towards the 2nd toe, or the 2nd finger moving towards the 3rd finger)
- Rotation: Movement around the long axis (medial/internal or lateral/external)
- Circumduction: Combination of movements including flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction
- Protraction: Moving the structure anteriorly/forward
- Retraction: Moving the structure posteriorly/backward
- Elevation: Raising the structure cephalad (superiorly)
- Depression: Lowering the structure
- Supination: Rotating the forearm laterally (palm up)
- Pronation: Rotating the forearm medially (palm down)
- Ulnar deviation: Adduction of the wrist
- Radial deviation: Abduction of the wrist
- Opposition: Thumb moving medially to meet the other fingers
- Reposition: Putting the thumb back to a neutral position
- Eversion: Plantar surface of the foot moving laterally
- Inversion: Plantar surface of the foot moving medially
Terms of Relationship and Direction
- Lateral: Describes a structure being further from the midline (e.g. thumb or little toe)
- Anterior or ventral: Describes a structure being closer to the front of the body (e.g. nose, palms)
- Posterior or dorsal: Describes a structure being closer to the back of the body (e.g. heel, spine)
- Palmar: Refers to the anterior aspect of the hand
- Dorsum: Refers to the posterior aspect of the hand and top of the foot
- Plantar: Refers to the sole of the foot
- Superior or cephalad: Describes structures being closer to the head
- Inferior or caudad or caudal: Describes structures further from the head, towards the feet
- Proximal: Describes a structure being closer to the origin or trunk
- Distal: Describes a structure being further from the origin or trunk
- External: Describes a structure being closer to the surface (skin) of the body
- Internal: Describes a structure being closer to the bones of the body
Terms of Laterality
- Ipsilateral: On the same side of the body
- Contralateral: On the opposite side of the body
- Bilateral: Both sides of the body (e.g. we have 2 kidneys, therefore bilateral kidneys)
- Unilateral: One side only of the body
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Description
Test your knowledge on terms of movement in anatomy, including flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction. Understand how these movements affect the positioning of body parts relative to each other.
