MSK Midterm #1

What is the anatomical position?

Which subdivision of anatomy focuses on the study of structures as they relate to regions of the body?

What is the term used for the study of the development of an organism from fertilization to birth?

Which region of the body is considered one of the principal regions identified in anatomy?

In which position is the body considered to be face down?

What does surface anatomy focus on?

Which type of anatomy involves studying structures as they relate to systems like the circulatory or nervous system?

Which term describes moving the structure anteriorly/forward?

What term refers to bending the ankle towards the shin?

Which movement involves the forearm being rotated laterally (palm up)?

When the plantar surface of the foot moves laterally, it is referred to as:

Which action involves raising the structure cephalad (superiorly)?

Which movement refers to moving away from the median plane?

'Rotation' involves movement around which axis?

What is the main function of the skeletal system?

Which type of bone provides strength for weight-bearing?

Where is fibrocartilage predominantly found in the body?

Which type of cartilage is present in joints?

What is the primary function of yellow marrow in bones?

How many basic types of bones are there?

In the skeletal system, what is the role of cartilage?

Where is a larger proportion of compact bone typically found in bones?

What is the function of sesamoid bones?

Where is the epiphyseal plate located in adults?

What is the main function of articular cartilage on bone surfaces?

What is the role of processes in bone anatomy?

What is a characteristic of a condyle on a bone?

Which part of a long bone supports the head in articulation?

What role do depressions and openings play in bone anatomy?

What is the function of trochanter in bone anatomy?

Which plane divides the body into right and left sides?

Which term describes a structure being closer to the midline of the body?

Which plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions?

What is the term used to describe depth of a structure in relation to the surface of the body?

Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions?

Which plane passes through the body at an angle between transverse and sagittal planes?

'Distal' directional term is used to describe a structure that is:

'Superior' directional term indicates a position that is:

What is the anatomically correct term for moving a body part toward the midline of the body?

Which type of anatomy focuses on studying structures as they relate to radiographic images?

In which position is the body considered face up?

What is the term for a type of anatomy that focuses on studying structures related to specific regions of the body?

Which term describes the movement of a body part away from the surface of the body?

What anatomical term refers to the bending of the ankle towards the sole of the foot?

Which part of a long bone articulates with another bone at a joint?

Anatomical planes that divide the body into equal left and right halves are known as:

What term is used to describe a structure closer to the origin or trunk?

Which term describes a structure being closer to the back of the body?

What does the term 'caudad' indicate in anatomical descriptions?

In which situation would 'bilateral' be an appropriate term to use?

What term is used to describe structures that are closer to the surface of the body?

If a structure is on the same side of the body, what term would be used in anatomical language?

Which term best describes structures that are closer to the head?

When referring to structures being further from the midline, which term would be most appropriate?

What do we call moving the structure posteriorly or backward?

In which type of movement does the forearm rotate medially (palm down)?

What term describes the action of bending the ankle towards the shin?

Which action involves the thumb moving medially to meet the other fingers?

What is the term for raising a structure cephalad (superiorly)?

Which movement involves plantar surface of the foot moving laterally?

What do we call the combination of movements including flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction?

Which term specifically refers to moving a structure away from the median plane?

Where is the epiphyseal plate located in adults?

What does the term 'facet' refer to in bone surface markings?

What is the role of processes in bone anatomy?

Which part of a long bone articulates with the base of an adjacent bone?

In bone anatomy, what is characteristic of a tuberosity?

What is the main function of articular cartilage on bone surfaces?

Which term describes projections or outgrowths that help form joints or serve as attachment points for connective tissue?

Which type of bone provides a larger proportion of compact bone at the ends of bones?

Where is fibrocartilage predominantly found in the body?

What is the main function of yellow marrow in bones?

Which type of cartilage is found in joints?

In bone anatomy, which type of bone provides strength for weight-bearing due to a superficial thin layer?

What is the primary role of articular cartilage on bone surfaces?

What type of cartilage is semi-rigid and found in areas where flexibility is required?

Where is a larger proportion of spongy (trabecular) bone typically found?

What is the primary function of ligaments in joints?

Which type of ligament is found within joint capsules?

Where do joints receive their blood supply from?

What is the function of articular arteries in joints?

Which muscle tissue is primarily attached to bones and voluntary?

Which type of muscle tissue forms the wall of the heart and is involuntary?

Which part of the body do proprioceptive receptors in joints provide awareness about?

What is the role of ligaments in stabilizing joints?

Which type of joint is found between the ulna and radius?

In bone anatomy, which type of joint is held together by fibrous connective tissue?

What type of joint is found between the bones of the skull?

Which type of movement is produced at a syndesmosis joint?

What type of movement occurs at a diarthrosis joint?

Where is a gomphosis joint found in the body?

Which joint type has many structures involved in holding it together?

What is the classification of joints based on how much movement is produced?

What is the function of tendons in the body?

Which muscle has a saw-toothed edge according to the text?

What is the function of motor nerves in the body?

What distinguishes an aponeurosis from a tendon in terms of structure?

Where is deep fascia well-defined in the body?

What is the role of superficial fascia in relation to the skin?

Which nerve receives sensory stimuli according to the text?

'Fascia' is mainly composed of which type of tissue?

What is the main difference between smooth (visceral) muscle tissue and skeletal muscle tissue?

Where does a muscle attach at the point known as the origin?

What unique ability do muscles have when they contract actively?

What determines the direction of pull of a muscle?

Which part of a long bone articulates with another bone at a joint?

What is the function of the insertion point of a muscle?

Why is skeletal muscle considered voluntarily controlled?

Where are synchondroses joints usually located?

Which type of cartilage is typically found in symphysis joints?

Which synovial joint type allows for uniaxial movement?

What is the function of intra-articular discs at synovial joints?

Where would you find menisci in the body?

Which synovial joint type is similar to a door hinge?

What is a characteristic of a plane synovial joint?

What is the role of extracapsular ligaments in joints?

Where are proprioceptive receptors located in joints?

Which type of muscle tissue forms the wall of the heart?

What is the main function of articular arteries in joints?

Which type of movement does skeletal muscle tissue primarily enable?

In which part of bones are ligaments primarily located?

What is the primary function of intracapsular ligaments in joints?

What type of joint allows for 3 degrees of freedom?

Which type of joint has an oval shaped projection fitting into an elliptical hole?

What type of joint allows for flexion/extension and adduction/abduction?

In which joint are the opposing surfaces reciprocally concave-convex?

Which joint type involves a spherical surface fitting into a bowl-shaped socket?

What is the characteristic feature of a Pivot Synovial Joint?

Which joint type allows for uni-axial movement?

Where are synchondroses joints mainly located?

What type of cartilage joins bones in a symphysis joint?

Which type of synovial joint allows for the widest range of motion?

What is the main function of intra-articular discs at synovial joints?

Which synovial joint type is characterized by having a cylindrical surface fitting into a cylindrical groove?

What additional structure is found in synovial joints to help reduce friction and provide cushioning?

Which term describes the type of movement allowed by a planar synovial joint?

What is the main function of stabilizer muscles in the body?

Which muscle principle actively produces concentric, isometric, or eccentric contractions?

In muscle actions, which type involves the muscle shortening while contracting?

What is the main role of the antagonist muscle in the body?

Which muscle type neither assists nor resists joint motion but permits motion to occur?

What is the primary function of synergist muscles in muscular actions?

How are skeletal muscles mainly named?

What is the function of an aponeurosis in the body?

Which muscle has a saw-toothed edge?

What is the primary function of tendon sheaths?

In bone anatomy, what is the function of fascia?

Where are sensory nerves primarily found?

What is the main characteristic of compact bone?

What do motor nerves allow the brain to stimulate?

What is the primary role of deep fascia in the body?

What is the main function of ligaments in joints?

What type of joint are the intervertebral joints between vertebrae?

Which ligament extends along the anterior surfaces of the bodies of the vertebrae to limit backward bending?

What is the main function of the Anterior Longitudinal Ligament (ALL) in the lumbosacral area?

What is the total range of movement in the vertebral column when slight movement occurs in all intervertebral joints?

Which structure articulates with the body of the upper and lower vertebra via intervertebral disc?

What is the main role of ligaments in the intervertebral joints?

How are the articulations of vertebral bodies functionally described?

What is the primary function of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (PLL) in the vertebral canal?

Which part of the intervertebral disc absorbs compression forces between the vertebrae?

Degenerative changes in which part of the intervertebral disc can lead to herniation of the nucleus pulposus?

What type of joint connects the lateral end of each costal cartilage to the sternal end of the rib?

Where does a postero-lateral herniation of the intervertebral disc impinge on spinal nerves?

Which ligaments consist of broad and thin membranous bands that radiate from the front and back of the sternal ends of the cartilages of the true ribs?

Which type of joint are the articular processes of each vertebra creating when they articulate with upper and lower vertebrae processes?

Which joint movement pulls the sternum in a superior direction?

How many vertebral bodies does each rib touch in the thoracic cage?

What is the movement facilitated by the Costotransverse joint along with Costovertebral joints to move the ribs?

What is the articulation type between the first rib cartilage and the sternum?

Which ligament connects the transverse process of a thoracic vertebra to the neck of a rib?

Which movement is possible in the sternocostal joints?

What is the main function of Ligamenta Flava in the vertebral column?

In which region of the spine are the articular capsules of the facet joints more extended and looser?

Which ligament extends from the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra to the sacrum?

What is the function of Supraspinous Ligament along the spine?

Which ligament interconnects adjacent spinous processes in the vertebral column?

What is the primary function of zygapophysial (facet) joints?

What is the role of Intertransverse Ligaments in the vertebral column?

Which ligament extends from the external occipital protuberance to the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra?

What is the name of the ligament that connects the atlas to the axis and is fixed to the posterior surface of the body of the axis?

Where are the alar ligaments inserted?

Which ligament appears to be a prolongation upward of the posterior longitudinal ligament within the vertebral canal?

What type of joints articulate with the occipital bone in the atlantooccipital joint?

Where is the tectorial membrane situated in relation to the vertebral canal?

What connects the axis and atlas to the skull, in addition to other ligaments?

What structure arises on either side of the upper part of the odontoid process?

Where are synovial condyloid joints located in relation to the atlantooccipital joint?

What structure binds the bodies of adjacent vertebrae together?

Which part of the intervertebral disc absorbs compression forces between the vertebrae?

What can degenerative changes in the anulus fibrosus lead to?

Which ligament does not significantly restrict forward bending?

Where can postero-lateral herniation of the intervertebral disc impinge on spinal nerves?

What type of joint are the articular processes of vertebrae responsible for?

Which ligament covers a plexus of arteries, veins, and lymphatics within the vertebral canal?

Which ligament connects the anterior part of the head of each rib with the side of the bodies of two vertebrae, and the intervertebral disc between them?

Where are Costotransverse joints formed?

Which ligament passes obliquely from the tip of the transverse process to the rough nonarticular tubercle of the rib?

What is the function of the Intra-articular ligament of head of rib?

In Costotransverse joints, what does the superior costotransverse ligament connect to?

Which ligament attaches to the crest separating two articular facets on the head of the rib and to the intervertebral disc?

Where is the lateral costotransverse ligament located in relation to the rib and transverse process?

What divides the Costotransverse joint into two cavities?

To what structures are the Alar ligaments inserted into?

Where is the Tectorial membrane situated within?

What is the alternative name for the cruciate ligament of the atlas?

What does the superior band of the cruciate ligament of the atlas attach to?

Which fiber type is prolonged upward and downward as the cruciate ligament crosses the odontoid process?

What is another term for the articulation of the atlas with the occipital bone?

In addition to connecting the atlas and axis to the skull, what does the ligamentum nuchae connect?

What type of joints are present in the articulation of the atlas with the occipital bone?

Which type of joint is formed by the bodies of vertebrae articulating via intervertebral discs?

What is the function of the Anterior Longitudinal Ligament (ALL) in the vertebral column?

How are intervertebral joints primarily classified in terms of movement?

What is the total range of movement achieved in the vertebral column when slight degrees of movement occur in all joints?

In the vertebral column, what structure connects the spinous process of one vertebra with the lamina of the vertebra directly above it?

Which ligament extends along the anterior surfaces of the bodies of vertebrae to support the anterior convexity in the lumbosacral area?

What type of movement is primarily facilitated by intervertebral joints?

What is a characteristic feature that distinguishes articular cartilage present in intervertebral joints?

Which ligament connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae and serves to preserve the upright posture?

Which ligament represents the supraspinous ligaments of the lower vertebrae in the neck?

Which region of the vertebral column has the most prominent spinous process?

Which ligament is a fibrous cord connecting the apices of spinous processes from C7 to the sacrum?

What is the main function of Intertransverse Ligaments in the vertebral column?

Which ligament extends from the external occipital protuberance to the spinous process of C7 in the vertebral column?

What is the primary function of Supraspinous Ligament in the vertebral column?

Which ligament is membranous and extends from the root to the apex of each spinous process?

Which part of the vertebrae is the largest bony segment that stacks up on each other for column height and shock absorption?

What is the function of the transverse processes in the vertebrae?

Which part of the vertebrae serves as an attachment for ribs and muscles by extending posteriorly in the sagittal plane?

What is the main function of the articular processes in the vertebrae?

Between which parts of the vertebrae is the vertebral foramen located, which houses the spinal cord?

What is the purpose of the intervertebral foramen in the vertebrae?

How many pairs of spinal nerves exit from the spinal cord through intervertebral foramen?

What curvature do the 7 vertebrae in the cervical region form?

What is the distinctive characteristic of the Vertebra Prominens?

Which joint forms the 'medial Atlantoaxial joint'?

What is a key characteristic of typical Thoracic Vertebrae?

What contributes to the formation of the lateral Atlantoaxial joint?

What forms the Thoracic Cage?

What is the function of costal facets on Thoracic Vertebrae?

What defines the Vertebra Prominens in terms of palpability?

Which joint involves articulation between the spinous process and costovertebral joints?

Where does the xiphoid process articulate below?

What is the joint that marks the approximate level of the 2nd pair of costal cartilages?

Where is the xiphi-sternal joint demarcated by a transverse ridge?

What is found at the posterior margin of the superior articular processes of the lumbar vertebrae?

Which part of the lumbar vertebrae is kidney-shaped and convex anteriorly?

Which type of vertebrae have no facets for articulation with ribs?

What demarcates the xiphi-sternal joint?

What is the function of sternal angle (Angle of Louis) as a clinical landmark?

What is the classification of ribs based on their attachment to the sternum?

What is the function of the costal groove in a typical rib?

Where are the intercostal nerves and vessels located in relation to the thoracic cage?

What is the function of the tubercle on a typical rib?

In which part of a typical rib do we find two semi-facets for articulation with vertebrae?

What is the main classification criterion used to categorize ribs?

Which part of a typical rib forms a constricted portion between the head and tubercle?

What is the function of the vertebral column in the human body?

Which region of the vertebral column has the most vertebrae?

What is the primary curvature of the spine when a newborn baby is born?

At what stage of development does lumbar lordosis typically develop in children?

How many coccygeal vertebrae fuse to make the coccyx?

When do secondary lordotic curvatures develop in the human spine?

What separates the two kyphotic curvatures to create the alternating pattern in the lateral view of the spine?

What is the main function of the vertebral foramen?

Which feature of a vertebra serves as an attachment for ribs and muscles?

What is the function of the intervertebral foramen?

Which vertebral feature extends posteriorly from the vertebrae in the sagittal plane?

What is the main role of laminae in a vertebra?

Which structure connects the body of a vertebra with the transverse processes?

What is the purpose of articular processes in a vertebra?

Which part of a vertebra serves as the largest bony segment for column height and shock absorption?

What unique feature of the atlas (C1) differentiates it from a typical cervical vertebra?

Which part of the axis (C2) serves as a pivot for the rotation of the atlas?

In what way do the lateral masses of the atlas differ from those of a typical cervical vertebra?

What is the function of the odontoid process on the axis in relation to the atlas?

Which feature makes the axis unique compared to typical cervical vertebrae?

What additional arches are found on the atlas, contributing to its unique structure?

Which region of the vertebral column consists of 12 vertebrae?

What is the primary function of the vertebral column in the human body?

At what stage of life does lumbar lordosis typically develop?

How many separate bones make up the vertebral column?

What is the term for the concave anterior curvature found in newborn spines?

Which type of curvature results from the development of the spine in the first few years of life?

What structure is formed by the fusion of 5 sacral vertebrae?

Which part of the spine contains 7 vertebrae?

Which characteristic of Vertebra prominens makes it distinctive?

What forms the lateral Atlantoaxial joint?

What is a distinct feature of T11 and T12 among the thoracic vertebrae?

What components make up the T1 Thoracic cage?

What distinguishes Vertebra prominens from other cervical vertebrae?

Which structure articulates with the superior articular facet of the axis?

Where are costal facets present on typical thoracic vertebrae?

What forms the medial Atlantoaxial joint?

Which part of the sternum articulates with the clavicles and the first and upper part of the second costal cartilages on each side?

Which rib is atypical, being wider and flattened than the rest, having a tubercle for the anterior scalene muscle insertion, but lacking an angle and costal groove?

Where does the shaft of a typical rib bend sharply forward?

Which ribs have only a single articular facet on their head and no neck or tubercle?

What characteristic feature is unique to the body of the second rib compared to typical ribs?

Which rib has a slight angle and a shallow costal groove compared to other atypical ribs?

Where is the costal groove located on a typical rib?

Which part of the first rib provides insertion for the anterior scalene muscle?

Which muscles move the rib superiorly during inspiration?

Which muscle moves the rib inferiorly during expiration?

Which nerves supply the internal and external intercostal muscles?

Which muscle is responsible for depressing the domes of the diaphragm?

Which main foramen in the diaphragm is located at the TXII level?

What is the nerve supply for the diaphragm muscle responsible for its actions?

Which structure do the intercostal muscles form part of in the thoracic cage?

Which muscle is the major muscle of inspiration?

What is the arterial supply of the breast mainly done by?

Which nerve innervates the nipple of the breast?

Where does the venous drainage of the breast mainly go into?

What is the main source of arterial supply for the thoracic wall?

Where do the posterior intercostal veins mainly drain on the right side?

Which nerve supplies innervation to the nipple of the breast?

Which nerves primarily supply the intercostal muscles, skin of the chest wall, and parietal pleura?

Which artery is a direct continuation of the internal thoracic artery and supplies the anterolateral abdominal wall?

What vessels are responsible for the venous drainage of the abdominal wall?

Which nerve supplies the skin, muscles, and parietal peritoneum of the lower abdominal wall?

What structure is formed by the fusion of 5 sacral vertebrae?

What is a direct branch of the external iliac artery that supplies the anterolateral abdominal wall?

Which veins are involved in venous drainage parallel to specific arteries in the abdominal wall?

Which nerve supplies the skin, muscles, and parietal pleura of the chest wall?

Which artery is a branch of the external iliac artery and supplies the anterolateral abdominal wall?

Which muscle moves the rib inferiorly during expiration?

Which action is primarily associated with the external intercostal muscle?

Which structure converges muscle fibers to the central tendon in the diaphragm?

Which nerve supply is associated with the diaphragm muscle?

What is the primary action of the diaphragm muscle?

At which thoracic level is the aortic hiatus located on the diaphragm?

Which muscles are part of the three flat layers of intercostal muscles?

What is the arterial supply of the breast mainly done by?

Which artery mainly drains on the right side into the azygos vein from the thoracic wall?

What is the innervation of the nipple in the breast?

Where do anterior intercostal veins primarily drain into from the thoracic wall?

What percentage of lymphatic drainage from the breast goes into axillary nodes?

Which veins drain into the hemiazygos or accessory hemiazygos from the thoracic wall?

Which nerves provide the innervation to the breast?

Which nerves mainly supply the intercostal muscles, skin of the chest wall, and parietal pleura?

What is the direct continuation of the internal thoracic artery that supplies the anterolateral abdominal wall?

What structures run parallel to the superior and inferior epigastric arteries for venous drainage of the abdominal wall?

Which branch of the external iliac artery supplies the anterolateral abdominal wall?

What is the nerve supply for the skin, muscles, and parietal peritoneum of the abdominal wall?

Which spinal nerve is considered as a subcostal nerve and is positioned under rib #12?

What is the primary vessel that directly continues from the internal thoracic artery?

Which branch of the external iliac artery supplies the anterolateral abdominal wall?

What structure runs parallel to superior epigastric artery for venous drainage of abdominal wall?

What is the main function of the superficial extrinsic back muscles?

From which cranial nerve does the trapezius receive its motor fibers?

Which group of muscles specifically act on the vertebral column?

Where do the superficial extrinsic back muscles receive their nerve supply from?

Which muscle is NOT classified as a superficial extrinsic back muscle?

What is the primary function of the intrinsic (deep) back muscles?

Which nerve supplies motor fibers to the trapezius muscle?

What is the role of the intermediate extrinsic back muscles?

What is the function of the Thoracolumbar Fascia?

Which muscle group lies on the lateral and posterior aspects of the neck?

Which group of back muscles are commonly designated as superficial respiratory muscles, but are more likely proprioceptive rather than motor in function?

What are the chief functions of the erector spinae muscles?

Which muscle group is part of the superficial layer of intrinsic back muscles composed of the muscles Splenius Capitis and Splenius Cervicis?

Which muscle forms the lateral column of the erector spinae muscles?

Which layer of intrinsic back muscles in the spine helps maintain posture and control movements of the vertebral column?

What is the function of the longissimus muscle?

Which muscle is part of the deep layer of intrinsic back muscles and belongs to the Transversospinalis Group?

Which term explains why the splenius muscles are named as such?

What type of nerves innervate the intrinsic back muscles (muscles of the back proper, deep back muscles)?

In which region are the splenius muscles located?

Where does the serratus posterior superior lie in relation to other muscles in the back?

Which fascia encloses the intrinsic muscles of the spine extending from the pelvis to the cranium?

Which type of contraction involves lateral flexion of the head and contralateral rotation of the head?

During forced inhalation, which action is carried out by the sternum and clavicle?

Which nerve innervates all muscles in the deep group of anterior neck muscles?

Which muscle helps in raising the first rib during inspiration?

Which muscle is responsible for extension of the head and upper neck?

Which type of contraction involves flexion of the lower neck?

Which pair of muscles are involved in contralateral rotation of the head and neck?

Which deep back muscle is best developed in the lumbar region and is responsible for stabilization of the vertebral column?

Which deep back muscle is primarily responsible for extension of the head, cervical spine, and thoracic spine?

Which deep back muscle assists with respiration by aiding in the elevation of ribs and lateral flexion of the column?

Which group of deep back muscles are also known as the segmental muscles of the back?

Which deep back muscles connect spinous and transverse processes, respectively?

Which deep back muscles are best developed in the thoracic region and provide stabilization and proprioception of the vertebral column?

Which of the following deep back muscles primarily assist in small rotatory movements in the thoracic spine?

Which layer of deep back muscles consists of short triangular muscular bundles that are thickest in the lumbar region?

Which layer of back muscles is commonly designated as superficial respiratory muscles, but are more likely proprioceptive rather than motor in function?

Which deep muscle lies deep to the rhomboid muscles?

Which pair of muscles are innervated by intercostal nerves running within the ribcage?

Which group of muscles in the back maintain posture and control movements of the vertebral column?

Which type of muscles are the Splenius Capitis and Splenius Cervicis?

Which muscle group in the back is responsible for lateral flexion and ipsilateral rotation of the spine?

What is the function of the thoracolumbar fascia with respect to the intrinsic back muscles?

What differentiates the intermediate intrinsic back muscles from the superficial extrinsic back muscles?

Which group of back muscles specifically act on the vertebral column and maintain posture?

Which nerve supplies the trapezius muscle among the following?

What is the main function of the superficial extrinsic back muscles?

Which group of back muscles receives its nerve supply mainly from anterior rami of cervical nerves?

Which muscle helps in controlling limb movements among the following?

From which region does the trapezius muscle mainly receive its motor fibers?

What is the most significant difference between the intrinsic and extrinsic back muscles?

Which muscle group lies on the lateral and posterior aspects of the neck and covers the vertical muscles somewhat like a bandage?

Which group of back muscles acts primarily on producing limb and respiratory movements?

What is the name given to the thick covering for muscles in the lumbar region made by a structure that extends laterally from the spinous processes?

Which muscle group is the chief extensor of the vertebral column and is divided into columns named Iliocostalis, Longissimus, and Spinalis?

Which region of the back contains the splenius muscles and forms a thin covering over intrinsic back muscles in the thoracic region?

What is the name given to the thick and flat muscles that cover and hold the deep neck muscles in position?

Which column of the erector spinae muscles forms the medial column of this muscle group?

Where do the splenius muscles specifically lie in relation to the neck and vertical muscles?

Which muscles lie in a 'groove' on each side of the vertebral column between the spinous processes centrally and the angles of the ribs laterally?

Which group of muscles is responsible for the elevation of the sternum and clavicle during forced inhalation?

Which muscle is involved in lateral flexion of the head and neck?

Which nerve innervates all muscles in the deep group of the anterior neck muscles?

Which muscle is NOT part of the deep group of anterior neck muscles?

Which action is carried out by bilateral contraction of neck muscles?

Which muscle raises the first rib during inspiration?

Which muscle is innervated by C.N.XI (Spinal accessory nerve) in the anterior neck muscles?

During forced inhalation, which action is NOT carried out by the sternum and clavicle?

Which deep back muscle is best developed in the lumbar region and is responsible for the stabilization of the vertebral column?

Which deep back muscle connects the spinous processes and is responsible for extension and rotation of the spine?

Which deep back muscle assists in small rotatory movements in the thoracic spine?

Which deep back muscle is relatively sparse in the thoracic region and helps with respiration by aiding in the elevation of ribs and lateral flexion of the column?

Which deep back muscle is divided into three parts based on its superior attachments and is involved in extension of the head, cervical spine, and thoracic spine?

Which group of deep back muscles is best developed in the lumbar region and assists in stabilizing the vertebral column?

Which deep back muscle is divided into semispinalis capitis, semispinalis thoracis, and semispinalis cervicis?

Which deep back muscle is responsible for stabilization of the vertebral column and proprioception, mainly developed in the thoracic region?

Which minor deep back muscle connects spinous processes for extension and rotation in the back?

In which region are the levatores costarum muscles relatively sparse?

Which deep back muscle assists with respiration by elevating ribs and contributes to lateral flexion of the column?

Which deep back muscle is known as the segmental muscle of the back due to its connection between spinous and transverse processes?

What is the primary action of the multifidus muscle?

'Assist with respiration in elevation of ribs and lateral flexion of column' is a primary action associated with which deep back muscle?

Which bone forms the inferior aspect of the skull?

Which part of the skull is known as the brain box?

Which bone is part of the facial skeleton?

Which cranial fossa houses the frontal lobes of the brain?

Which facial bone contains the nasal cavity?

Which structure connects the parietal bones at the top of the skull?

Which bone contributes to the floor of the eye socket (orbit)?

What anatomical structure passes through the foramen ovale?

Through which opening does CN II pass?

Which structure is associated with the superior orbital fissure?

What passes through the jugular foramen?

What is the main content passing through the internal auditory meatus?

Which structure is related to the hypoglossal canal?

What anatomical feature is closely linked to the external auditory meatus?

Which bone forms the majority of the forehead and contributes to the roof of the orbit?

What is the primary function of the sphenoid bone in the skull?

Which bone contributes to the nasal septum and is located in the midline of the skull?

What is the function of the ethmoid bone in relation to the skull?

Which bone is known for its butterfly shape and forms a key part of the cranial base?

In the skull, which bone articulates with all other cranial bones?

Which facial bone directly articulates with both the frontal bone and the maxilla?

Which foramen is covered by cartilage and located where the sphenoid bone meets the temporal and occipital bones?

Which structure passes through the optic foramen in the sphenoid bone?

Where is the jugular foramen located, passing between which two bones?

Which foramen in the sphenoid bone sits just lateral to the foramen ovale and transmits a branch of cranial nerve V?

What anatomical structure passes through the carotid canal located in the external aspect of the temporal bone?

Which foramen in the sphenoid bone is located between the lesser and greater wings and serves as a passageway for cranial nerves III, IV, VI, and the ophthalmic division of V?

Which anatomical structure passes through the internal auditory meatus located in the petrous portion of the temporal bone?

Where is the hypoglossal canal located, allowing passage for which cranial nerve?

Which muscle is responsible for closing the eyelids?

What muscle is associated with the skin over the eyebrows?

Which muscle is responsible for elevation and retraction of the upper eyelid?

What is the primary function of the muscles of the nose?

What layer of the scalp is continuous with muscle and serves as an origin for some scalp muscles?

Which muscle is responsible for pressing the cheeks against teeth and lips?

Which scalp layer contains hair follicles, vessels, nerves, and lymph?

What is the main function of the orbicularis oris muscle?

What is the main action of the occipitalis muscle?

Which group of muscles is responsible for retracting the lower lip?

In which part of the skull is the orbicularis oculi muscle located?

Which muscle group radiates from the lips and angles of the mouth like spokes of a wheel?

What is the main function of the levator labii superioris muscle?

Which artery supplies blood to the brain?

At what level does the common carotid artery bifurcate to form the external and internal carotid arteries?

Which venous system drains all of the blood from the head and neck?

Which artery supplies the anterior thoracic wall and breast tissue?

Which artery changes its name to Axillary artery as it passes under the clavicle?

What do the common carotid arteries bifurcate into at the level of C3 or C4 cervical vertebrae?

Which vein system forms the two main veins of the neck, the internal and external jugular veins?

What does the internal jugular vein drain in relation to the head and neck?

What is the main function of the TMJ-articular disc?

Which ligament is primarily responsible for preventing posterior dislocation of the mandible at the TMJ?

What contributes to dislocation of the TMJ during yawning or taking a large bite?

Which extrinsic ligament extends from the spine of the sphenoid to the medial surface of the ramus of the mandible?

What is the role of the TMJ-stylomandibular ligament in limiting movement of the mandible at the TMJ?

Where does the basic movement involved in opening the mouth occur within the TMJ?

Which structure separates the joint cavity into superior and inferior compartments in the TMJ?

What can cause dislocation of the TMJ when a sideways blow to the chin occurs?

Where does the temporalis muscle originate?

Which nerve innervates the masseter muscle?

What is the insertion point of the lateral pterygoid muscle?

Which structure does not play a role in the Temporo-Mandibular Joint articulation?

Which muscle has the main function of moving the jaw side to side?

What is the primary innervation for the muscles of mastication?

Which structure acts as a hinge in the Temporo-Mandibular Joint?

What is the primary function of the orbicularis oculi muscle?

Which muscle connects the skin over the eyebrows to the Galea aponeurotica layer of the skull?

Which structure acts as a physical barrier from trauma and potential pathogens?

What is the insertion point of the Occipitalis muscle?

What is the main function of Levator palpebrae superioris muscle?

Which layer of the scalp is continuous with muscle?

Which muscle of mastication has its origin on the zygomatic arch?

What is the innervation of the medial pterygoid muscle?

Which structure is part of the temporomandibular joint articular surfaces?

What type of synovial joint is the temporomandibular joint?

Where does the lateral pterygoid muscle insert?

Which muscle is mainly responsible for moving the jaw side to side?

What is the main function of the buccinator muscle in the cheek?

Which muscle group is responsible for depressing, retracting, and everting the lower lip?

What is the function of the orbicularis oris muscle?

What does the levator labii superioris muscle primarily do?

What is the primary function of the risoris muscle?

During which movement does the head of the mandible lie inferior to the articular tubercle?

Which ligament extends from the spine of the sphenoid to the medial surface of the ramus of the mandible?

Which structure does not contribute significantly to the strength of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?

What can dislocate the TMJ on the side that received a sideways blow to the chin?

Which ligament separates the parotid gland from the submandibular gland?

Which artery changes its name to Axillary artery as it passes under the clavicle?

Where does the common carotid artery bifurcate to form the external and internal carotid arteries?

Which system forms the two main veins of the neck, the internal and external jugular veins?

What structures do the internal jugular veins drain blood from?

Which artery supplies oxygenated blood to the face and neck?

What does the Thyrocervical trunk supply in the neck region?

What is the function of the internal carotid artery in terms of blood supply?

Which part of the skeleton consists of 80 bones and lies along the longitudinal axis of the body?

The upper limb bones include all of the following EXCEPT:

What is the structure that converts the carpal arch into a tunnel in the wrist known as?

Which bone forms part of the shoulder girdle and is the only long bone positioned horizontally?

Which bone in the hand has a tubercle on its palmar surface?

Which term is used to describe the 126 bones that make up the upper and lower limbs, as well as the pelvic and pectoral girdles?

What is the main function of the pelvic girdle?

What is the name of the hook-like structure on the palmar surface of the hamate bone?

Which part of the hand consists of a proximal, a middle, and a distal phalanx?

Which bone is NOT part of the upper limb?

What makes up the shoulder girdle?

Which structure articulates with the carpals at one end and the proximal phalanges at the other end?

Which bone is unique as it forms part of the shoulder girdle and lies horizontally?

How many phalanges does the thumb typically have?

Which bone is curved laterally and has a hook-like structure on its palmar surface?

What converts the carpal arch into a tunnel by thickening on the anterior wrist?

Which part of the humerus has the lateral capitulum for articulation with the head of the radius?

What lies proximal to the trochlea on the distal end of the humerus?

On which side of the forearm is the radius located?

At what location does the radial tuberosity lie on the radius?

Which structure lies medial to the styloid process on the radius?

What type of surface does the carpal articular surface of the radius face?

Where is the trochlea located on the humerus?

Which structure lies above the glenoid cavity?

Where is the suprascapular notch located?

What lies proximally on the body of the humerus?

Which structure is bent at a right angle ventro-laterally and lies above the glenoid cavity?

Where is the intertubercular sulcus located on the humerus?

What lies behind the deltoid tuberosity on the humerus?

Where are the lateral and medial supracondylar ridges located?

What structure divides the antero-medial and anterolateral surfaces of the humerus?

What is the bony elevation on the dorsal surface of the distal end of the ulna called?

Which part of the ulna articulates with the humerus?

Where is the supinator crest located on the ulna?

Which carpal bone is superimposed on the triquetrum in the proximal row of carpal bones?

What is formed by the olecranon and coronoid processes of the ulna?

Which muscle has tendons running in grooves on the dorsum of the hand?

What structure is located inferior to the coronoid process on the ulna's lateral surface?

Which bone is located between the scaphoid and capitate in the distal row of carpal bones?

Which type of bone is the clavicle classified as?

In the upper limb, which bone articulates with the carpal bones?