Anatomy Manual: Upper Limb Skeletal System

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the skeletal system relating to movement?

Providing energy for muscle contraction

Regulating body temperature

Facilitating body movement with muscles (correct)

Production of hormones

Which joint connects the scapula to the axial skeleton?

Sternoclavicular joint (correct)

Elbow joint

Acromioclavicular joint

Glenohumeral joint

In which area of the humerus is the axillary nerve and circumflex humeral vessel located?

Surgical neck (correct)

Distal end

Proximal head

Olecranon fossa

What are the first two bones in the sequence when arranging the bones of the upper limb from proximal to distal?

Clavicle and scapula Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones articulates with the head of the humerus?

Scapula Signup and view all the answers

What is the order of the carpal bones starting from the proximal row?

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform Signup and view all the answers

Which joint is located distal to the elbow joint in the upper limb?

Wrist joint Signup and view all the answers

What structure articulates at the acromioclavicular joint?

Acromion and clavicle Signup and view all the answers

Which bone directly articulates with the carpals?

Radius Signup and view all the answers

Which is true about the interphalangeal joints of the hand?

They are all hinge joints Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical feature does the ulnar nerve travel under at the elbow?

Cubital tunnel Signup and view all the answers

During forearm pronation, which forearm bone primarily rotates?

Radius Signup and view all the answers

Which joint facilitates supination of the forearm?

Proximal radioulnar joint Signup and view all the answers

What structure is commonly referred to as the 'funny bone'?

Medial epicondyle Signup and view all the answers

At which part does the radius articulate with the ulna at its distal end?

Ulnar notch Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the ulnar nerve during elbow flexion?

It comes into close proximity with the medial epicondyle. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following articulates with the scaphoid and lunate carpal bones?

Distal radius Signup and view all the answers

Which bone is located in the proximal carpal row that is closest to the radial side?

Scaphoid Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament holds the radial head in place during supination?

Annular ligament Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the annular ligament in the elbow joint?

Stabilizes the radial head during rotation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action that moves the radius for supination to anatomical position?

Rotation of the radial head Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pairs includes both bones found in the distal carpal row?

Capitate and hamate Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament is primarily responsible for preventing excessive hyperextension of the PIP joint?

Volar plate Signup and view all the answers

What components make up the glenohumeral ligaments that stabilize the glenohumeral joint?

Superior, middle, and inferior ligaments Signup and view all the answers

Which two articulations make up the elbow joint?

Trochlear notch of the ulna and the trochlea of the humerus Signup and view all the answers

Which pair represents the main ligaments stabilizing the wrist joint?

Palmar and dorsal radiocarpal ligaments Signup and view all the answers

Which carpal bone is located on the ulnar side of the proximal carpal row?

Triquetrum Signup and view all the answers

Which structure connects the glenoid fossa to the humerus as part of the shoulder joint?

Glenohumeral ligaments Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to the Skeletal System

Provides structural support for the entire body.
Facilitates body movement in coordination with tendons, joints, ligaments, and cartilage.
Protects internal organs from injury.
Responsible for the production of blood cells in the bone marrow.
Serves as a reservoir for storing and releasing minerals and fat.

Bones and Joints of the Upper Limb

Appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the upper limb and pectoral girdle.
Bones from proximal to distal:
- Scapula
- Clavicle
- Humerus
- Ulna
- Radius
- Carpals (scaphoid, lunate, capitate, triquetrum, hamate, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid)
- Metacarpals
- Phalanges
Joints from proximal to distal:
- Sternoclavicular joint
- Acromioclavicular joint
- Shoulder joint
- Elbow joint
- Radioulnar joint
- Wrist joint
- Interphalangeal joints of the hand

Specific Anatomical Details

Head of the humerus articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula.
Clavicle articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint.
Surgical neck of the humerus contains the axillary nerve and circumflex humeral vessels.
Radial nerve travels through the spiral groove of the humerus between the heads of the triceps.
Ulnar nerve passes through the cubital tunnel beneath the medial epicondyle, often called the "funny bone."

Motion and Articulations

Forearm pronation involves rotation of the radius at the proximal radioulnar joint, with corresponding movement at the distal radioulnar joint.
Forearm supination occurs through the rotation of the radial head against the radial notch of the proximal ulna, maintained by the annular ligament.
Articulations of the radius:
- Proximal: capitulum of the humerus and radial notch of the ulna.
- Distal: ulnar notch, and with the scaphoid and lunate of the carpal bones.

Carpal Bones

Proximal carpal row consists of:
- Scaphoid
- Lunate
- Triquetrum
- Pisiform
Distal carpal row consists of:
- Trapezium
- Trapezoid
- Capitate
- Hamate

Ligaments and Joint Functionality

Glenohumeral joint stabilization due to:
- Superior, middle, and inferior glenohumeral ligaments that form the joint capsule.
Elbow joint articulations:
- Between trochlear notch of the ulna and trochlea of the humerus.
- Between the head of the radius and capitulum of the humerus.
Annular ligament stabilizes the radial head within the radial notch of the ulna.
Wrist joint stability provided by:
- Palmar and dorsal radiocarpal ligaments.
- Ulnar and radial collateral ligaments.
Volar plate prevents excessive hyperextension in the PIP joint, secured by lateral extensions.

Various anatomical and orthopedic sources for further reading on bones, radius, and ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow.

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Description

Explore the comprehensive instructional manual on the skeletal system, focusing primarily on the upper limb. This resource dives into the anatomy, including bones, joints, and their functions, and offers various learning activities for deeper understanding. Ideal for students of medicine and anatomy.