Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the skeletal system relating to movement?
Which joint connects the scapula to the axial skeleton?
In which area of the humerus is the axillary nerve and circumflex humeral vessel located?
What are the first two bones in the sequence when arranging the bones of the upper limb from proximal to distal?
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Which of the following bones articulates with the head of the humerus?
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What is the order of the carpal bones starting from the proximal row?
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Which joint is located distal to the elbow joint in the upper limb?
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What structure articulates at the acromioclavicular joint?
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Which bone directly articulates with the carpals?
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Which is true about the interphalangeal joints of the hand?
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What anatomical feature does the ulnar nerve travel under at the elbow?
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During forearm pronation, which forearm bone primarily rotates?
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Which joint facilitates supination of the forearm?
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What structure is commonly referred to as the 'funny bone'?
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At which part does the radius articulate with the ulna at its distal end?
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What happens to the ulnar nerve during elbow flexion?
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Which of the following articulates with the scaphoid and lunate carpal bones?
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Which bone is located in the proximal carpal row that is closest to the radial side?
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Which ligament holds the radial head in place during supination?
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What is the role of the annular ligament in the elbow joint?
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What is the primary action that moves the radius for supination to anatomical position?
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Which of the following pairs includes both bones found in the distal carpal row?
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Which ligament is primarily responsible for preventing excessive hyperextension of the PIP joint?
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What components make up the glenohumeral ligaments that stabilize the glenohumeral joint?
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Which two articulations make up the elbow joint?
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Which pair represents the main ligaments stabilizing the wrist joint?
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Which carpal bone is located on the ulnar side of the proximal carpal row?
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Which structure connects the glenoid fossa to the humerus as part of the shoulder joint?
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Study Notes
Introduction to the Skeletal System
- Provides structural support for the entire body.
- Facilitates body movement in coordination with tendons, joints, ligaments, and cartilage.
- Protects internal organs from injury.
- Responsible for the production of blood cells in the bone marrow.
- Serves as a reservoir for storing and releasing minerals and fat.
Bones and Joints of the Upper Limb
- Appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the upper limb and pectoral girdle.
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Bones from proximal to distal:
- Scapula
- Clavicle
- Humerus
- Ulna
- Radius
- Carpals (scaphoid, lunate, capitate, triquetrum, hamate, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid)
- Metacarpals
- Phalanges
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Joints from proximal to distal:
- Sternoclavicular joint
- Acromioclavicular joint
- Shoulder joint
- Elbow joint
- Radioulnar joint
- Wrist joint
- Interphalangeal joints of the hand
Specific Anatomical Details
- Head of the humerus articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula.
- Clavicle articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint.
- Surgical neck of the humerus contains the axillary nerve and circumflex humeral vessels.
- Radial nerve travels through the spiral groove of the humerus between the heads of the triceps.
- Ulnar nerve passes through the cubital tunnel beneath the medial epicondyle, often called the "funny bone."
Motion and Articulations
- Forearm pronation involves rotation of the radius at the proximal radioulnar joint, with corresponding movement at the distal radioulnar joint.
- Forearm supination occurs through the rotation of the radial head against the radial notch of the proximal ulna, maintained by the annular ligament.
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Articulations of the radius:
- Proximal: capitulum of the humerus and radial notch of the ulna.
- Distal: ulnar notch, and with the scaphoid and lunate of the carpal bones.
Carpal Bones
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Proximal carpal row consists of:
- Scaphoid
- Lunate
- Triquetrum
- Pisiform
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Distal carpal row consists of:
- Trapezium
- Trapezoid
- Capitate
- Hamate
Ligaments and Joint Functionality
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Glenohumeral joint stabilization due to:
- Superior, middle, and inferior glenohumeral ligaments that form the joint capsule.
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Elbow joint articulations:
- Between trochlear notch of the ulna and trochlea of the humerus.
- Between the head of the radius and capitulum of the humerus.
- Annular ligament stabilizes the radial head within the radial notch of the ulna.
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Wrist joint stability provided by:
- Palmar and dorsal radiocarpal ligaments.
- Ulnar and radial collateral ligaments.
- Volar plate prevents excessive hyperextension in the PIP joint, secured by lateral extensions.
Related Resources
- Various anatomical and orthopedic sources for further reading on bones, radius, and ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow.
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Description
Explore the comprehensive instructional manual on the skeletal system, focusing primarily on the upper limb. This resource dives into the anatomy, including bones, joints, and their functions, and offers various learning activities for deeper understanding. Ideal for students of medicine and anatomy.
