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Anatomy LE 1: The Cell, Epithelium, and Glands
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Anatomy LE 1: The Cell, Epithelium, and Glands

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of mitosis?

  • To produce haploid daughter cells
  • To divide nuclear material, particularly DNA (correct)
  • To form painful skin erosions
  • To divide the cytoplasm
  • What is the stage of mitosis during which chromosomes become visible?

  • Metaphase
  • Telophase
  • Anaphase
  • Prophase (correct)
  • What is the term for the division of the cytoplasm?

  • Cytokinesis (correct)
  • Epithelial tissue
  • Meiosis
  • Mitosis
  • What is the term for cell division that results in haploid daughter cells?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of mitosis during which chromosomes are firmly attached to the mitotic spindle at its equator?

    <p>Metaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of mitosis during which the two sets of chromosomes separate and move away from each other?

    <p>Anaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of mitosis during which two daughter nuclei are formed?

    <p>Telophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells undergoes mitosis?

    <p>Somatic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines the interlobular ducts?

    <p>Pseudostratified columnar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a simple coiled tubular gland?

    <p>Sweat gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of gland has a single duct and multiple sac-like secretory portions?

    <p>Simple branched acinar gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for glands that have a single duct that does not branch?

    <p>Simple glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a gland that is classified as a simple branched tubular gland?

    <p>Small mucous gland along the urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for glands that release their products through a mechanism involving the rupture of gland cells?

    <p>Holocrine glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a simple acinar/alveolar gland?

    <p>Sebaceous gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for glands that release their products through a mechanism involving the secretion of products from the apical region of gland cells?

    <p>Merocrine glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Compound Tubular glands?

    <p>Several ducts and several elongated tube-like secretory portions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of gland is the most common based on gland-cell participation?

    <p>Merocrine gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which secretions are released in Merocrine glands?

    <p>Exocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of Holocrine glands?

    <p>Secretory portions become part of the secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a Compound Acinar/Alveolar gland?

    <p>Exocrine pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of Apocrine glands?

    <p>Part of the apical surface is pinched or released with the secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a Compound Tubuloacinar gland?

    <p>Salivary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a Holocrine gland?

    <p>Sebaceous gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lines the ducts of glands or organs?

    <p>Epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is not typical of epithelial tissue?

    <p>Excitability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epithelium lines the interior of blood vessels?

    <p>Simple Squamous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are microvilli typically found in an epithelial cell?

    <p>Apical surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic shape of columnar epithelial cells?

    <p>Tall and narrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of simple squamous epithelium in blood vessels?

    <p>To facilitate blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are epithelial tissues avascular?

    <p>They are supplied through diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of desmosomes in epithelial cells?

    <p>Cell adhesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are desmosomes typically found in an epithelial cell?

    <p>Lateral surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Structural Classes of Compound Glands

    • Compound Tubular: several ducts and several elongated tube-like secretory portions, example: Submucosal glands (of Brunner) in the duodenum
    • Compound Acinar/Alveolar: several rounded, sac-like secretory portions converge into a smaller duct and drain into a large duct, example: Exocrine pancreas, mammary gland

    Types of Glands

    • Merocrine (Eccrine) gland: most common type, secretions are released or brought to the duct via exocytosis, example: Salivary gland
    • Holocrine Gland: secretory portions become part of the secretion, undergoes apoptosis (cell death), example: Sebaceous glands
    • Apocrine Gland: part of the apical surface of the cell is pinched or released with the secretion, example: Mammary gland
    • Compound Tubuloacinar: secretory portions have both acinar and tubular units, several ducts, example: Salivary glands

    Simple Glands

    • Simple Coiled Tubular: 1 duct and very long and coiled secretory portion, example: Sweat glands
    • Simple Acinar/Alveolar: 1 duct and rounded, sac-like secretory portion, example: Small mucous glands along the urethra
    • Simple Branched Acinar: 1 duct and multiple sac-like secretory portions, example: Sebaceous gland

    Epithelial Tissue

    • Overview: avascular, polar, and non-excitable
    • Functions: forms boundaries, regulates exchange, and provides sensation

    Mitosis

    • Phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
    • Meiosis: type of cell division that results in haploid daughter cells, occurs mainly in germ cells

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