Questions and Answers
What is the function of the myocardium?
The epicardium is the innermost layer of the heart.
False
What is the approximate weight range of an adult human heart?
250-300 grams
The __________ valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle.
Signup and view all the answers
Which chamber of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body?
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following heart valves with their locations:
Signup and view all the answers
The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the lungs.
Signup and view all the answers
What separates the right and left sides of the heart?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Anatomy of the Heart
Location and Structure
- The heart is a muscular organ located in the thoracic cavity, between the lungs.
- It weighs approximately 250-300 grams and is divided into four chambers.
Heart Chambers
- Right atrium (upper chamber) receives oxygen-depleted blood from the body.
- Right ventricle (lower chamber) pumps oxygen-depleted blood to the lungs.
- Left atrium (upper chamber) receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs.
- Left ventricle (lower chamber) pumps oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body.
Layers of the Heart
- Epicardium: outermost layer, a thin layer of connective tissue.
- Myocardium: middle layer, thick layer of cardiac muscle responsible for contraction.
- Endocardium: innermost layer, a thin layer of epithelial tissue lining the heart chambers.
Septum and Valves
- Septum: a thin wall of tissue that separates the right and left sides of the heart.
- Valves control blood flow between chambers:
- Tricuspid valve: between right atrium and ventricle.
- Pulmonary valve: between right ventricle and pulmonary artery.
- Mitral valve: between left atrium and ventricle.
- Aortic valve: between left ventricle and aorta.
Function of the Heart
Blood Circulation
- The heart pumps blood throughout the body, supplying oxygen and nutrients to tissues and organs.
- It beats approximately 100,000 times per day, pumping around 2,000 gallons of blood.
Cardiac Cycle
- Diastole (relaxation phase): heart muscle relaxes, atria fill with blood.
- Atrioventricular contraction: atria contract, pumping blood into ventricles.
- Ventricular contraction: ventricles contract, pumping blood out of the heart.
- Isovolumic contraction: ventricles contract, but no blood is pumped out.
- Isovolumic relaxation: ventricles relax, but no blood flows in.
Regulation of Heart Rate
- The autonomic nervous system regulates heart rate, consisting of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves.
- Sympathetic nerves increase heart rate and contractility, while parasympathetic nerves decrease heart rate and contractility.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Learn about the location, structure, and chambers of the heart. Understand the functions of each chamber and how they work together.
