Anatomy of the Heart: Structure and Blood Vessels

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What is the effect of increased blood in the atria on the heart rate?

Has no effect on heart rate
Increases heart rate by stimulating the sympathetic nervous system (correct)
Decreases heart rate by stimulating the vagus nerve
Decreases heart rate by stimulating the parasympathetic nervous system

Which of the following hormones increases heart rate?

Insulin
Adrenaline
Aldosterone
Thyroxine (correct)

What is the main function of the atrioventricular valves?

To regulate heart rate and contractility
To prevent backflow into the atria when ventricles contract (correct)
To supply blood to the coronary circulation
To ensure bidirectional blood flow through the heart

What is the effect of congestive heart failure on the left side of the heart?

More blood remains in the ventricle (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of stimulation of the SA node in the heart?

Increased heart rate (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of cardiac muscle contraction?

It contracts as a unit and has a long absolute refractory period (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries?

Decreased blood supply to the heart muscle (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sinoatrial (SA) node?

To generate impulses about 75 times/minute (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of right side heart failure?

Fluid build-up in the tissues as peripheral edema (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of autorhythmic cells?

They have an unstable resting potential called pacemaker potential (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the atrial reflex?

To regulate heart rate (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the bundle of His?

To transmit the impulse from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the cardiac conduction system?

It is an involuntary system (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the coronary circulation?

To supply oxygen to the heart muscle itself (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the autonomic nervous system in the heart?

It regulates the heart rate and contractility (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the chordae tendineae?

To anchor the atrioventricular valves to the papillary muscles (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor controlling stroke volume according to the Frank-Starling Law of the Heart?

Preload (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increased sympathetic stimuli on contractility?

Increase in contractility (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute?

Cardiac output (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following agents decreases contractility?

Acidosis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of parasympathetic nervous system stimulation on heart rate?

Decrease in heart rate (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the increase in contractile strength of cardiac muscle cells, independent of stretch and end-diastolic volume?

Contractility (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the difference between resting and maximal cardiac output?

Cardiac reserve (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of atrial systole on the cardiac cycle?

Increase in ventricular filling (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the back pressure exerted by blood in the large arteries leaving the heart?

Afterload (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of cutting the Vagus Nerve on the heart rate?

Increase in heart rate (C) Signup and view all the answers