Questions and Answers
Match the following cranial nerves with their functions:
Innervates the superior oblique = B Longest Cranial Nerve = D Damage would cause dizziness, nausea, and loss of balance = C Involved in movement of the digestive tract = D Difficulty in speech and swallowing, no effect on visceral organs = E Keeps the eye from rotating inferolaterally = B
Identify the Integration Center in the reflex arc.
3
Identify the Sensory Neuron in the reflex arc.
2
Identify the Effector in the reflex arc.
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Identify the Motor Neuron in the reflex arc.
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Identify the Receptor in the reflex arc.
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Match the cranial nerves with their specific functions:
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Match the reflexes to their functions:
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Match the plexuses with the related information:
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Match the levels of motor activity control with their descriptions:
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The meningeal branch of a spinal nerve actually reenters the vertebral canal to innervate the meninges and blood vessels.
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In the somatosensory system, there are no third-order neurons in the cerebellum.
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There are 41 pairs of spinal nerves.
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The glossopharyngeal nerve is the only cranial nerve that contains sensory fibers.
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The musculocutaneous nerve is a major nerve of the brachial plexus.
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The second cranial nerve forms a chiasma at the base of the brain for partial crossover of neural fibers.
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The only cranial nerves to extend beyond the head and neck region are the vagus nerves.
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The dorsal ramus consists only of motor fibers bringing information to the spinal cord.
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Dermatomes are skin segments that relate to sensory innervation regions of the spinal nerves.
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Dorsal and ventral rami are similar in that they both contain sensory and motor fibers.
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Irritation of the phrenic nerve may cause diaphragm spasms called hiccups.
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The obturator nerve branches from the sacral plexus.
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Reciprocal inhibition means that while one sensory nerve is stimulated, another sensory neuron for synergistic muscles in the same area is inhibited and cannot respond.
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External strabismus and ptosis could be caused by damage to the oculomotor nerve.
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In order to regulate motor activity, to start and stop movements, and to coordinate postural movements, the cerebellum and basal nuclei are involved.
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Study Notes
Cranial Nerves and Their Functions
- Superior oblique muscle is innervated by the trochlear nerve (B).
- Longest cranial nerve is the vagus nerve (D).
- Damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve can cause dizziness, nausea, and loss of balance (C).
- Vagus nerve influences movement of the digestive tract (D).
- Damage to the glossopharyngeal nerve results in difficulty speaking and swallowing, while sparing visceral impact (E).
- Oculomotor nerve damage prevents eye rotation inferolaterally (B).
Reflex Arc Components
- Integration center in a reflex arc corresponds to number 3 in the diagram.
- Sensory neuron representation is number 2.
- Effector, the structure causing a response in the reflex arc, is number 5.
- Motor neuron is indicated as number 4.
- Receptor that detects stimuli is number 1.
Cranial Nerve Functions
- Accessory nerve is formed by a combination of cranial and spinal roots (C).
- Olfactory receptors are found in the nasal cavity epithelium (B).
- Vestibulocochlear nerve serves hearing and equilibrium (E).
- Vagus nerve regulates blood pressure and digestion (A).
- Abducens nerve is responsible for turning the eyeball laterally (D).
Reflexes and Their Functions
- Plantar reflex tests both upper and lower motor pathways (D).
- Abdominal reflex checks the integrity of the spinal cord at T8 to T12 (B).
- Flexor reflex triggers rapid withdrawal from painful stimuli (C).
- Stretch reflex prevents muscle overstretching and maintains muscle tone (A).
Nerve Plexuses
- Lumbar plexus gives rise to the obturator and femoral nerves (A).
- Brachial plexus injury risks include damage from hitting the ulnar nerve (B).
- Wrist drop can result from trauma to the radial nerve within the brachial plexus (B).
- Sacral plexus can be injured by falls or improper injections in the buttocks (D).
- Cervical plexus branches off the phrenic nerve (C).
Levels of Motor Control
- Precommand level regulates motor activity and is impacted by the cerebellum and basal nuclei (C).
- Segmental level involves central pattern generators for basic motor patterns (B).
- Projection level includes cortex and brain stem motor regions (A).
- The spinal cord’s neural circuits fall under the segmental level (B).
True/False Concepts
- Meningeal branch of a spinal nerve reenters the vertebral canal (True).
- No third-order neurons in the cerebellum within the somatosensory system (True).
- There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves, not 41 (False).
- Glossopharyngeal nerve is not the only cranial nerve with sensory fibers (False).
- Musculocutaneous nerve is a key component of the brachial plexus (True).
- Second cranial nerve creates a chiasma for neural fiber crossover (True).
- Vagus nerves are the only cranial nerves extending beyond the head and neck (True).
- Dorsal ramus contains both motor and sensory fibers (False).
- Dermatomes are related to sensory innervation areas of spinal nerves (True).
- Both dorsal and ventral rami consist of sensory and motor fibers (True).
- Irritation of the phrenic nerve can cause hiccups due to diaphragm spasms (True).
- Obturator nerve branches from the lumbar plexus, not the sacral (False).
- Reciprocal inhibition relates to the inhibition of one motor response while another is stimulated (False).
- Oculomotor nerve damage can cause both external strabismus and ptosis (True).
- Coordination of movements and posture involves the cerebellum and basal nuclei (True).
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Description
Test your knowledge with these true/false flashcards based on Chapter 13 of your anatomy textbook. Cover key concepts related to cranial nerves and their functions as depicted in Figure 13.1. Perfect for review before your exams!
