Anatomy and Physiology: Structure and Function

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Questions and Answers

In a double-blind controlled experiment evaluating a new drug, what measures are taken to minimize bias?

Only the subjects are kept unaware of their group assignment, while experimenters are fully informed.
Both subjects and experimenters are fully aware of the group assignments to ensure accurate data collection.
Neither the subjects nor the experimenters know who is receiving the actual drug versus the placebo until the study is complete. (correct)
Subjects are informed about which group they are in, while experimenters remain unaware.

What is the primary purpose of peer review in scientific research?

To protect researchers from criticism and promote their career advancement.
To ensure the research aligns with popular opinion and secures funding.
To evaluate the quality, validity, and significance of research before publication or funding. (correct)
To accelerate the publication process and increase the visibility of the research.

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between a scientific theory, facts, and laws of nature?

Theories are independent of facts and laws of nature and are based purely on speculation.
Laws of nature are derived from theories, and facts are used to support theories.
Theories are proven to become facts, which then form the basis for laws of nature.
Theories integrate facts, laws, and confirmed hypotheses to provide a broad understanding and suggest further study. (correct)

Considering the levels of structural organization in the human body, which sequence correctly orders these levels from least to most complex?

Atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism (B) Signup and view all the answers

Anatomical variations are a common phenomenon. Which of the following statements accurately reflects the importance of understanding these variations in the study of anatomy and physiology?

Understanding anatomical variations is crucial because no two humans are exactly alike, and these variations can impact medical diagnoses and treatments. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do anatomy and physiology relate to each other in the study of the human body?

Anatomy describes the body's structures, and physiology studies how those structures function. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following techniques would be most appropriate for examining the structural changes in liver tissue caused by chronic alcohol consumption?

Histopathology to identify diseased tissues. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In what way has comparative physiology enhanced our understanding of human health?

By providing insights through the study of shared physiological processes across species. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of falsifiability in the hypothetical-deductive method?

It requires that a hypothesis have the potential to be proven false through testing. (D) Signup and view all the answers

A researcher observes that mice exposed to a new drug exhibit increased heart rates. Using the inductive method, what is the MOST appropriate next step?

Formulate a hypothesis about the drug's effect on heart rate based on numerous similar observations. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which study design change would MOST improve the reliability of results when testing a new drug?

Increasing the diversity of the sample population. (D) Signup and view all the answers

A scientist proposes that a specific gene mutation causes increased muscle strength. What constitutes a valid testable hypothesis based on the hypothetical-deductive method?

Individuals with the gene mutation will always have significantly greater muscle strength than those without it. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which activity is the MOST direct application of neurophysiology?

Investigating how different brain regions respond to visual stimuli. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Controlled Experiment

Experiment with a control group and a treatment group, identical except for the treatment applied to the treatment group.

Peer Review

Critical assessment of research by experts in the same field before publication or funding.