Questions and Answers
What is anatomy?
Study of the structure of body parts.
What does 'hist' refer to?
Tissues.
What is histology?
Microscopic study of tissues.
What does 'cyto' stand for?
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What is cytology?
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What is physiology?
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What are TEN life processes that distinguish living from non-living things?
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What are FIVE environmental needs?
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What is homeostasis?
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What type of feedback are most homeostatic mechanisms regulated by?
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What are THREE components of a homeostatic mechanism?
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What happens when body temperature increases?
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What happens when body temperature decreases?
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What is the normal body temperature?
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What are the structural levels of organization?
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What does the appendicular portion consist of?
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What does the axial portion consist of?
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What are the TWO major cavities into which the axial portion is divided?
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What are the TWO parts of the dorsal cavity?
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What are the TWO parts of the ventral cavity?
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What is the thoracic cavity made up of?
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What is the abdominal region in the abdominopelvic cavity made up of?
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What is the pelvic region in the abdominopelvic cavity made up of?
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What is a soft, thin pliable layer of tissue?
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What are the TWO functions of a membrane?
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What is found in the space between a visceral and parietal membrane?
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What does 'cardi' refer to?
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What is the serous membrane of the heart called?
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What is the membrane on the surface of the heart?
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What is the membrane that lines the cavity where the heart is located?
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What is the space between the two membranes of the heart called?
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What does 'pleur' refer to?
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What is the serous membrane of the lungs called?
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What is the membrane on the surface of the lung?
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What is the membrane that lines the cavity where the lungs are located?
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What is the space between the two membranes of the lungs called?
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What is the membrane on the surface of the abdominal organs?
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What is the membrane that lines the cavity where the abdominal organs are located?
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What is the space between the two membranes of the abdominal organs called?
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What are the THREE anatomical positions?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Human Anatomy & Physiology
- Anatomy focuses on the structure of body parts, while physiology studies their functions.
Key Terminology
- Histology: Microscopic study of tissues.
- Cytology: Microscopic study of cells.
Life Processes
- TEN life processes that distinguish living organisms from non-living matter:
- Movement, responsiveness, growth, reproduction, respiration, digestion, absorption, circulation, assimilation, excretion.
Environmental Needs
- FIVE essential environmental needs for survival:
- Nutrients, oxygen, water, heat, pressure.
Homeostasis
- Homeostasis refers to an organism's ability to maintain a stable internal environment.
- Most homeostatic mechanisms are regulated by negative feedback.
Homeostatic Mechanism Components
- THREE key components involved in maintaining homeostasis:
- Thermoreceptors, hypothalamus (control center), skin blood vessels, sweat glands, heart, lungs.
Body Temperature Regulation
- Increased Body Temperature: Results in sweating, blood vessel dilation, increased heart rate, and elevated breathing rate.
- Decreased Body Temperature: Triggers shivering, sweat gland inactivation, and blood vessel constriction.
- Normal body temperature is approximately 37°C (96.8°F).
Structural Levels of Organization
- Structural organization progresses from atoms to human organisms:
- Atoms → Molecules → Macromolecules → Organelles → Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ Systems → Human Organism.
Body Regions
- Appendicular Portion: Comprises arms and legs.
- Axial Portion: Includes head, neck, and trunk.
Body Cavities
- The axial portion divides into two major cavities:
- Dorsal cavity (cranial and vertebral parts) and ventral cavity (thoracic and abdominopelvic parts).
- Thoracic Cavity: Contains lungs, mediastinum, heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus gland.
- Abdominal Region: Houses stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, small intestines, and large intestines.
- Pelvic Region: Comprises rectum/anus, urinary bladder, and internal reproductive organs.
Membranes
- A membrane is a soft, pliable layer of tissue with TWO primary functions:
- Covers organs (visceral membrane) and lines body cavities (parietal membrane).
- Serous Fluid: Found in the space between visceral and parietal membranes.
Cardiac and Pulmonary Membranes
- Pericardium: Serous membrane of the heart.
- Visceral Pericardium: Membrane on the heart's surface.
- Parietal Pericardium: Lines the heart's cavity.
- Pericardial Cavity: Space between the heart membranes.
- Pleura: Serous membrane of the lungs, with visceral and parietal layers and a pleural cavity.
Abdominal Cavity Membrane
- Visceral Peritoneum: Covers abdominal organs.
- Parietal Peritoneum: Lines the abdominal cavity.
- Peritoneal Cavity: Space between the peritoneal membranes.
Anatomical Position
- THREE key characteristics define the anatomical position:
- Standing erect, face forward, palms facing forward.
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Description
This quiz covers key terms and definitions from Chapter 1 of Human Anatomy & Physiology. Test your knowledge on fundamental concepts such as anatomy, histology, and cytology. Perfect for students beginning their study of the human body.