APK PAST BOOK 1 (Head, Neck, Back, Spine and Upper Extremity)

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which muscle, when its posterior fibers are activated, contributes to retrusion of the mandible?

Pterygoids

Masseter

Temporalis (correct)

Orbicularis oris

Which of the following accurately describes the rib attachments to the sternum and the characteristics of the 11th and 12th ribs?

Ribs 1-7 articulate via cartilage, ribs 8-12 attach to the sternum.

Ribs 1-7 attach to the sternum, 8-10 articulate via cartilage, and 11-12 have free ends. (correct)

Ribs 1-10 directly attach to the sternum, and 11-12 articulate via cartilage.

Ribs 1-5 attach to the sternum, 6-12 articulate via cartilage, and 11-12 are fused to the spine.

A physical therapy student is studying the structures that pass through the transverse foramen of the cervical vertebrae. Which of the following sets of structures is MOST accurate?

Vertebral artery, vertebral vein, and sympathetic nerve. (correct)

Cervical nerve plexus, vertebral vein, and sympathetic nerve.

Spinal column arteries, vertebral artery, and cervical nerve plexus.

Spinal column arteries, cervical nerve plexus, and vertebral vein.

Following a stroke, a patient exhibits difficulty chewing. Damage to which nerve would MOST likely cause this impairment?

Trigeminal nerve (D) Signup and view all the answers

A physical therapist is assessing a patient's joint mobility and notes that the joint is in an open-packed position. Which characteristic is NOT typically associated with this position?

Allows spinning, rolling, and sliding, thereby increasing joint friction. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint is formed by the articulation of the talus and tibia, allowing for movements such as plantarflexion and dorsiflexion?

Hinge (A) Signup and view all the answers

The sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle is a prominent structure in the neck. How does the SCM divide the neck region?

The SCM divides the neck into posterior and anterior triangles. (B) Signup and view all the answers

If a body is divided into anterior and posterior sections, which anatomical plane is utilized?

Frontal (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve directly innervates the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Spinal accessory nerve (D) Signup and view all the answers

A therapist is assessing a patient's muscle strength throughout a range of motion. At what point in the muscle's contraction is its strength typically maximized?

When the muscle is in an elongated position (A) Signup and view all the answers

During a bicep curl, the brachialis muscle acts as the primary mover for elbow flexion. What role does the triceps brachii play in this movement?

Antagonist (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the tendinous structure that connects the right and left external oblique muscles?

Linea Alba (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is innervated by the trigeminal nerve?

Masseter (B) Signup and view all the answers

A physical therapist asks a patient to clench their teeth while palpating just under the zygomatic arch. Which muscle is the therapist assessing?

Masseter (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is NOT located in the anterior triangle of the neck?

Sternocleidomastoid (D) Signup and view all the answers

In a first-class lever system, where are the force, fulcrum, and weight located?

The fulcrum is between the force and the weight. (A) Signup and view all the answers

A person is using a crowbar to lift a heavy rock. The rock is close to the fulcrum, and the person applies force at the opposite end of the crowbar. What class of lever is this, and what is its primary advantage?

Second-class lever; provides a mechanical advantage. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a scenario where a first-class lever operates at a mechanical disadvantage but emphasizes speed?

Paddling a boat where the connection to the boat is the fulcrum. (C) Signup and view all the answers

An old man is using a paddle to row a boat. Considering the system as a lever, what represents the fulcrum in this scenario?

The connection point of the paddle to the boat. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of isometric muscle contraction?

Change in muscle tension. (C) Signup and view all the answers

During weightlifting, a person holds a barbell in a fixed position. Despite the effort, there is no visible movement at the elbow joint. What type of muscle contraction is primarily occurring in the biceps?

Isometric contraction. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Two forces are acting on an object from the same point. If you were to represent these forces as vectors in a parallelogram, what does the diagonal of the parallelogram represent?

The resultant force. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Two people are pulling a box with ropes attached to the same point on the box. At what angle between the ropes would the resultant force be the greatest, assuming both people pull with the same amount of force?

0 degrees (B) Signup and view all the answers

A patient reports moderate spinal pressure exacerbates extremity pain. What is the MOST likely implication of this finding?

The nerve impingement may originate from a source other than the spine. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Compression or irritation of a nerve root as it exits the spinal cord in the neck is commonly referred to as what condition?

"Pinched nerve" (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is PRIMARILY responsible for the action of frowning?

Corrugator supercilii (D) Signup and view all the answers

When body parts move in the same direction with equal velocity, what type of motion is occurring?

Translatory motion (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly lists the structures that bound the posterior triangle of the neck?

Sternocleidomastoid, anterior border of Trapezius, and the clavicle (D) Signup and view all the answers

Craniosacral therapy is based on the concept of inherent craniosacral motion. Which statement does NOT accurately reflect the principles of craniosacral motion as it is understood within the context of this therapy?

It is a physiological motion that is both conscious and voluntary. (A) Signup and view all the answers

A physical therapist observes a patient's movement pattern during gait analysis. The patient's hip and knee joints extend simultaneously, propelling the body forward. Which type of motion BEST describes this coordinated movement at both joints?

Rotatory (angular) motion at both hip and knee (C) Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with a forward head posture and rounded shoulders. Which muscle group would likely be shortened and contribute to this postural distortion?

Serratus anterior and upper trapezius (D) Signup and view all the answers

A physical therapist is assessing a patient with suspected non-organic pain. Which of the following findings would be MOST indicative of a positive simulation test according to Waddell's signs?

Pain-free straight leg raise in supine, but intense pain reported when re-tested with the patient seated. (A) Signup and view all the answers

During a lumbar spine examination, a therapist applies light vertical pressure to the patient’s skull while they are standing. What is the primary purpose of this test?

To identify non-organic pain through simulation testing. (D) Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with low back pain and a visible lateral shift. According to the McKenzie method, which finding would suggest that the lateral shift is clinically relevant?

A single-glide test exacerbates or alters the location of the patient's pain. (D) Signup and view all the answers

When using the McKenzie method for a patient with a clinically relevant lateral shift, what is the MOST appropriate initial intervention?

Correcting the lateral shift before progressing to other treatment procedures. (A) Signup and view all the answers

During a bicep curl, which muscle primarily performs the action of elbow flexion, thus acting as the prime mover?

Brachialis (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios BEST describes how progress of a lateral shift is monitored during a postural examination, according to the McKenzie method?

Evaluating changes in the degree of lateral trunk displacement relative to the pelvis. (D) Signup and view all the answers

If the sternocleidomastoid muscle is damaged, which function is MOST likely to be affected?

Rotating the head (D) Signup and view all the answers

In a first-class lever system, how are the fulcrum, load, and force arranged?

Fulcrum is between the force and the load. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A physical therapist is examining a patient with low back pain. Which of the following observation would be LEAST likely to characterize flexion in the lumbar spine?

Flexion produces kyphosis. (C) Signup and view all the answers

During assessment of lumbar flexion, your patient reports an increase in leg pain rather than back pain. What is the MOST likely explanation?

A disc herniation is being aggravated by flexion. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical structure represents the midline fusion of the abdominal aponeuroses?

Linea alba (B) Signup and view all the answers

A person is having difficulty stabilizing their shoulder during abduction of the arm. Which muscle group is MOST likely affected?

Synergists/Fixators (B) Signup and view all the answers

A therapist is planning an intervention to decrease the effect of lumbar flexion on a patient's symptoms. Which of the following exercises would be MOST appropriate?

Extension exercises in prone. (C) Signup and view all the answers

A weightlifter is performing a deadlift. At the start of the lift, with the barbell on the ground, which class of lever is primarily in use at the ankle joint?

Second-class lever (B) Signup and view all the answers

During full cervical flexion, what is the role of the muscles on the posterior side of the neck?

Act as antagonists, controlling the movement (D) Signup and view all the answers

If a clinician wants to palpate the sternocleidomastoid muscle, where should they MOST accurately instruct the patient to position their head?

Slightly flexed and rotated to the contralateral side (C) Signup and view all the answers

Ligaments that limit shoulder flexion and extension at the glenohumeral joint:

Coracohumeral ligament (A) Signup and view all the answers

This is a special test that confirms lateral epicondylitis. Patient reports pain as the therapist resists the attempt to make a fist, pronate the forearm, radially deviate, and extend the wrist.

Cozen’s test (D) Signup and view all the answers

True about Phalen’s test, except:

None of these (D) Signup and view all the answers

(+) ludington’s test indicates:

Torn biceps tendon (C) Signup and view all the answers

In this test, the patient's hand is placed on the opposite shoulder and the examiner elevates the elbow.

Yocum Test (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the special test for FDP rupture?

Bunnell's test (B) Signup and view all the answers

A 33-year-old woman arrives at an outpatient physical therapy clinic with a prescription to evaluate and treat the right hand. One week earlier the patient underwent surgical repair of the flexor tendons of the right hand .What is the best treatment for the patient?

The patient usually wears a dorsal blocking splint or a tenodesis splint With the MCP joints in flexion, passively place the IP joints in a partially flexed position. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following carpal bones is the only one among the proximal carpal bones that does not articulate with the distal carpal bones?

Pisiform (D) Signup and view all the answers

What tendon is passing through the 3rd Extensor Tunnel?

Extensor Pollicis Brevis (B) Signup and view all the answers

A 27 year old librarian complains of pain on the top of her shoulder that radiates to the midbrachium which appears whenever she stacks books on the top shelf. Her physical examination reveals crepitus and restriction of passive ROM. At what Neer’s Impingement Classification can she be classified?

II (B) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Sagittal Plane

Divides the body into right and left halves.

Frontal Plane

Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections.