Anatomy and Physiology Question Bank

• This document contains a question bank for the Anatomy and Physiology course.

Student Guidance

• Practice using the question bank while learning the course material.
• Understand why the incorrect answers provided aren't viable.
• Answers can be determined by understanding the material from lectures and presentations.
• Instructors won't provide direct answers to the questions, to encourage thorough learning.
• Instructors are available to answer any questions about understanding course materials.
• Requests for clarification will not be provided during the exam.

Vitamins

• Not a source of energy.
• Assist in the creation of tissue and bones.
• Serve as coenzymes.
• Involved in the absorption of materials from the intestine.

Enzymes

• All are specific to a certain process.
• Their presences speeds up a chemical reaction.
• Enzymes are proteins.

Amino Acids

• Order determines the primary structure of a protein.
• Don't contain nitrogen.

Lipids/Carbohydrates

• Cholesterol is a lipid that is not fat.
• Phospholipid is a molecule

Protons

• Determines what element the atom is.

Organic Compound

• Obtained from plant or animal matter.

Cholesterol

• Is obtained from animals.

Glycogen

• A chain of glucose units found in the liver and skeletal muscles.

Fats

• Triglycerides build the fat stores in the body.
• Fats are hydrophobic.

pH

• Calculated using a logarithmic formula and shows the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution.

Atom X

• Atom X has a positive charge of +1; adding two electrons to it results in a negative charge.

Adding NaOH to Purified Water

• Increases pH and the amount of hydroxide ions in the solution.

Combining Carbon and Hydrogen Atoms

• Results in an organic compound.

pH Neutrality

• pH of 7, the solution in question is neither acidic or basic.

Neutrons

• Affects the mass of the atom's nucleus.

Vitamins

• Not examples of Nitrogen, potassium, or calcium
• Vitamins and minerals aren't synonyms.

Triglycerides

• Contain glycerol and a fatty acid.

Protein Components

• The "R" portion of the chain is what distinguishes each chain

Protons

• A positively charged particle.

Body Fat in Men

• Average of 15%-18% of their body mass.

Carbohydrates

• Humans receive the majority of their carbohydrates intake from foods.

Composition of Matter in a Compound

• Compounds have different properties from those of the materials which are compounds.

Electrolytes

• Sodium, potassium, and chlorine are the primary electrolytes in the body.

Enzymes

• Not fats are essential for the breakdown of protein molecules in the digestive system.
• Proteins meant to speed up the processes.
• Without the enzymes, these processes could not occur.

Cellulose

• The human body cannot digest cellulose.

Lipoproteins

• Chylomicron transfers fats from the intestine to the blood.
• LDL is formed in the lymphatic system, and transfers cholesterol and triglycerides from the lymphatic system to the blood.

Lipids

• Enzyme

Polysaccharide

• Starch

Proteins

• The structure determines how the protein will function.

Elements

• Distinguished by their mass.

Atoms

• Quantity of protons determines identity.

Isotopes

• Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons.

Mixture

• Air

Composition the Human Body

• Proteins make up the building blocks.

Cholesterol

• Molecule is critical for cellular function.

Enzymes

• Speed up a biological/chemical reaction, can also be more specific

pH

• Compounds are not the most common composite of the human body.

The Cell

• Not built from one layer of phospholipid.

DNA vs. RNA

• DNA is a double helix, RNA is a single strand and located in the membrane, unlike RNA.

Component of a Cell

• A shortage of cholesterol would result in a problem in the structure and function of the cellular membrane.

Cells

• Proteins are packaged into vesicles in the RER

Building Proteins

• Opening segment of DNA is performed by the enzyme RNA polymerase.

Sequence of Nucleotides Sequence

• A joins with T, C joins with G is in DNA.

Cell Organelles

• Body (Golgi) sorts proteins that generate mitochondria.
• Mitochondria are double membrane organelles.

Diffusion of a Substances Through a Cell Membrane

• Increased by:
  • a higher density of molecules outside the cell.
  • smaller particle
  • higher rate of liposolubility

Channels

• Always require energy for substance’s to pass through it.
• They work in accordance with the concentration gradient.

Production of Proteins in a Cell

• Transcription leads to mRNA creation that can result in Translation.

Parts Without Any Membranes.

• Cytoskeleton

Nucleosides Sequence

• A pairs with T and connects to G

Genetic Material

• Most of it does not code for the production of protein.
• Differs significantly between humans and apes.

Doctors

• Problems occur in the red blood cells, could be injury

Receptor

• Proteins that are embedded within cell membranes.

Diffusion

• Molecule's concentration outside of the cell.
  • Molecule's size
• Molecule's degree of hydrophobicity

Cells

• Pump

Genetic Information

• Histones are what DNA is wrapped around, must be 23 pairs

Genetic Material

• The human body maintains one area of that has all of the genes preserved.

Energy

• Creation of ATP with the help of Oxygen (O) happens within the Mitochondria

Differences of Human Cells

• A cell changes based on the shape, size and the function

Phagocytes

• Occurs in single cell animals.

Transcription

• Carried out by RNA polymerase.
• mRNA is synthesized.

Cells

• The Mitochondria is double membrane
• The membranes of the animal cells have parts similar to the plant cell membranes

RNA vs. DNA processes

• The switch from RNA to DNA happens through the shift of polymerase

Proteins

• In Translation, the gene is discovered, and turned into the Polymerase Rna, that requires heat.

Phospholipids

• Arranged in a bi-layer, not equally distributed throughout

Molecules and Membranes

• Through a channel, they can produce a strong force to provide resistance.

Cells and Lysocomes

• Lysosmes takes part with phagocytosis

Hair Follicles

• Found in the dermis

Transitional Epithelial

• Is not in anus.

Squamous Epithelium

• Not present in lung alveoli

Epithelium types

• Transistor is used in blood vessels

Keratinocytes

• Can only allow fluids

Disease Free

• If does not have Langerhan Cells

The Epidermis

• Melanocytes

Production of Vitamin D

• The skin produces most of your Vitamin D and should maintain this.

Hair Structure

• Head not a part of any specific structure.

Melanocytes

• Are in the Epidermis

Glands that line the skin

• A sebaceous

Which does skin not secrete

• Urearen

Protein Found in the Epidermis

• Keratin is at the base of the surface, as is necessary.

Structure

• Keratinocytes are the key of hair production

Types

• Unique to Blatter

Characteristics of Epithelial - Layered

• Permits quick and easy switching

Columnar cells

• Can find this cell in the uterous

Function of the Skin

• It's an enclosure with its unique capabilities

Soiled hairs

• Erector Pili

Types

• Transitional Epithelial

Connective Tissues

• Not an elongated cell.

Fibromatosis

• Will also produce cartilage and collagen to further reinforce.

Fat

• Also can produce fat on the head.

Patients

• Bones that are long, short, and sturdy

Cartilage

• Has no blood vessels; not bones

Cervical

• Should Not be Eight

Hyaline

• Not in all cells of epiglottis

Hyaluronate

• Not in all cells of epiglottis

Osteoclasts

• Building blocks of the cells

Blood vessels where are there none

• Is in Cartilages

Surrounding Tissue

• Is within the bones

Composition

• Is the one where everything happens

Muscles

• Can effect nerves

Functions

• Will work on their own

Myofibrils

• Is the smallest of them

Patients

• Would effect mostly the red parts

Elastin

• Found everywhere

Actoninin

• Is that it moves down

Actoniminium

• Is a major key to them

Fila

• Should move and rotate all around

Sarcomeres

• Is good because it moves

Muscles

• Works on their own

Muscle Type

• Found not easy to see

Epimysium

• Should make it easier

Bones

• Works without assistance

Patients bones

• Would come off as being good

Myosin

• Very expensive

Patients

• They want to buy

Acetocholine

• Works without assistance

Bones function

• With cells and protein

Patients cartilage

• Works on their own

Muscles

• A muscle should not have a memory

Bones

• With the ligaments

Muscles

• If there is ever the need

bones connection between the arms

• Radius

Muscles

• Should only work without assistance

Patients joints

• is going to work

Patients Muscle mass

• Is because they are good.

Tissues

• Works because is has a good heart

Patients cartilage

• It's the good bone

Muscles

• Is a working body

Myosin

• Is the only one who's right.

Question bank for Anatomy and Physiology that encourages students to use it while learning the course material. It also seeks to promote a deeper understanding of the subject by understanding why the incorrect answers provided aren't viable. Covers the following topics: Vitamins, enzymes, amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates