Week 1 介绍Human Biology: Anatomy & Physiology

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Questions and Answers

A patient is diagnosed with hepatoma. Based on your understanding of medical terminology, which organ is most likely affected by this condition?

  • Stomach
  • Liver (correct)
  • Kidney
  • Heart

Which of the following prefixes would be used to describe a structure located above another structure?

  • Supra- (correct)
  • Contra-
  • Ad-
  • Sub-

A researcher is studying how the contraction of the bicep muscle allows the arm to bend. Which field of study is the researcher applying?

  • Physiology (correct)
  • Anatomy
  • Histology
  • Cytology

Which sequence represents the correct order of structural organization in the human body, starting from the simplest to the most complex?

<p>Atoms → Cells → Tissues → Organs → Systems → Organism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient is experiencing a deficiency in blood cell production, which organ system is most likely affected?

<p>Skeletal System (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A physical therapist is explaining to a patient how to perform a bicep curl. Using anatomical terms, which instruction best describes the movement of bringing the hand towards the shoulder?

<p>Move your hand proximally. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A doctor reviews a patient's MRI and notes a lesion on the anterior side of the spinal cord. Where is the lesion located?

<p>Toward the front of the spinal cord. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a clinical setting, why is it important for healthcare professionals to understand anatomical position?

<p>It provides a standard reference for describing body orientation and direction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A scientist is studying the effects of a new drug on kidney function. Which of the following fields of study is most relevant to this research?

<p>Physiology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A medical student is learning about the different planes of the body. Which plane would divide the body into front and back sections?

<p>Coronal Plane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient reports pain that is lateral to their spine. Where is the pain located?

<p>Away from the midline of their back (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a surgery, a surgeon needs to make an incision that divides the body into superior and inferior parts. Which plane should the surgeon use?

<p>Transverse Plane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best exemplifies the concept of homeostasis?

<p>The human body's consistent internal temperature despite external environmental changes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A student is having difficulty understanding the meaning of a complex medical term. Based on the material, what is the MOST effective approach to decipher its meaning?

<p>Breaking the term into its prefix, root, and suffix and analyzing each component. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient is diagnosed with hepatoma, which organ is MOST likely affected by a tumor?

<p>Liver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In anatomical terms, what BEST describes the relationship between the elbow and the wrist?

<p>The elbow is proximal to the wrist. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A doctor orders blood tests for a patient to assess their overall health. Which root would MOST likely appear in the medical terms related to these tests?

<p>Hemat- (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios BEST illustrates the concept of homeostasis?

<p>The body shivering in response to a cold environment to maintain its internal temperature. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a surgeon performs a nephrectomy, which organ is being removed?

<p>Kidney (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which body plane would a surgeon make an incision to separate the left and right portions of the brain?

<p>Sagittal Plane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An 'anemic' patient visits a doctor for a checkup. Based on your knowledge of prefixes, which of the following is MOST likely true about the patient?

<p>The patient has insufficient red blood cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hematopoiesis occurs in which of the following systems; thus, generating which of the following?

<p>Skeletal system; generating blood cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the levels of structural organization in the human body, which of the following sequences is arranged from the simplest to the MOST complex?

<p>Atom, Cell, Tissue, Organ, System, Organism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Recreation Therapy, what is the primary goal that aligns with the principles taught in the Anatomy & Physiology course?

<p>Helping individuals find enjoyment in life through recreational activities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding both normal and abnormal functions of body systems crucial for professionals in Recreation Therapy?

<p>To differentiate between temporary discomfort and serious medical emergencies during recreational activities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the knowledge of Anatomy & Physiology (A&P) be directly applied to benefit clients in Recreation Therapy?

<p>By tailoring recreational activities to accommodate specific physical limitations or conditions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason given for attending Anatomy & Physiology lectures, even though attendance isn't mandatory?

<p>Lectures provide exclusive information that may appear on tests or exams. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of medical terminology, how does the 'prefix' component contribute to understanding a new term?

<p>It modifies the basic meaning of the word. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the course schedule primarily outline for students in Anatomy & Physiology?

<p>Topics covered in the course and the due dates for assignments. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between word analysis and learning medical terminology?

<p>Word analysis is a technique to deconstruct medical terms, easing comprehension. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might understanding common physiological dysfunctions benefit a Recreation Therapist?

<p>It allows them to design recreational activities suitable for clients with specific health conditions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following study habits will most likely lead to better grades in Anatomy & Physiology?

<p>Attending lectures regularly and reviewing the 'extra information' presented. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If 'arthr' refers to joints and '-itis' refers to inflammation, what does 'arthritis' most likely mean?

<p>Inflammation of the joints. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Anatomy?

Study of gross and microscopic structures.

What is Physiology?

Study of how structures function.

Root word for heart

Cardi-

-Ectomy

Removal or excision.

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Hematopoiesis

Study of blood forming tissues.

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Anatomy

Study of the structure of the body.

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Physiology

Study of how the body's structures function.

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Pathology

Study of what happens when the body doesn't work properly.

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Homeostasis

Body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment.

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Anatomical Position

Standing upright, facing forward, with hands at the sides and palms facing forward.

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Sagittal Plane

Divides the body into left and right sections.

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Frontal/Coronal Plane

Divides the body into front and back sections.

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Transverse Plane

Divides the body into top and bottom sections.

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Recreation Therapy

Helping people enjoy life through structured recreational activities.

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Anatomy & Physiology (A&P)

The study of the structure (anatomy) and function (physiology) of the human body.

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A&P Knowledge Goals

Understanding the body's structure and how its systems work.

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Normal vs. Abnormal Function

Recognizing the difference between healthy and unhealthy system functions.

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Applying A&P to Clients

Applying A&P knowledge to improve client care in recreation therapy.

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Word Analysis

A method to break down medical terms for easier understanding.

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Root (in medical terms)

The core component of a medical term, indicating the term's primary meaning.

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Suffix (in medical terms)

The ending of a medical term that modifies the root's meaning.

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Prefix (in medical terms)

The beginning of a medical term that modifies the root's meaning.

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Benefits of Class Attendance

Improved grades through access to extra details, notetaking and in-class activities.

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Word Root (词根)

The foundational part of a word, often indicating its primary meaning.

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Suffix (后缀)

The ending part of a word that modifies the root's meaning.

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Prefix (前缀)

The beginning part of a word that modifies the root's meaning.

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Anatomy (解剖学)

Study of the structure of the body.

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Physiology (生理学)

Study of how the body's structures function.

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Homeostasis (体内平衡)

Maintaining a stable internal environment.

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Tissue

Cells that work together to perform a specific function.

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Sagittal Plane (矢状面)

Plane dividing the body into left and right portions.

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Frontal/Coronal Plane (冠状面)

Plane dividing the body into front and back portions.

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Anterior/Ventral (前/腹侧)

Toward the front of the body.

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Study Notes

  • This course provides background knowledge to understand the human body and the health of clients in recreation therapy
  • Regular class attendance leads to better grades due to extra information provided in lectures

Learning Outcomes

  • Build knowledge about body systems' structure and function
  • Understand the differences between normal and abnormal functions in body systems
  • Discuss common physiological dysfunctions related to recreation therapy
  • Apply knowledge of normal and abnormal human functions to clients
  • Demonstrate professional behavior in the classroom

Textbook Details

  • Title: Human Biology, Anatomy & Physiology (For the Health Sciences)
  • Author: Wendi A. Roscoe
  • Edition: 2016

Key Concepts

  • Word analysis assists in understanding new medical terms, similar to learning a new language
  • The course schedule includes covered topics and due dates
  • Extra in-class activities are unannounced

Key Components of Medical Terminology

  • Root: The foundation of the word
  • Suffix: The ending of the word
  • Prefix: The beginning of the word

Examples of Word Components

  • Root examples: Cardi- (heart), Gastr- (stomach), Hemat- (blood), Hepat- (liver), Reno/Nephron- (kidney), Derm- (skin)
  • Suffix examples: -logy (study of), -ectomy (excision), -pathy (disease), -oma (tumor), -itis (inflammation)
  • Prefix examples: Supra- (above), Sub- (below), A-/An- (without), Ad- (toward), Contra- (against)

Anatomy and Physiology

  • Anatomy: Study of gross and microscopic structures
  • Physiology: Study of how structures function

Structural Organization Levels

  • Atoms → Cells → Tissues → Organs → Systems → Organism

Organ Systems

  • Integumentary (skin)
  • Skeletal (includes hematopoiesis)
  • Muscular (includes three types of muscles)
  • Nervous
  • Endocrine
  • Cardiovascular
  • Lymphatic
  • Respiratory
  • Digestive
  • Urinary
  • Reproductive

Principles

  • Anatomy studies structure
  • Physiology studies function
  • Pathology is what occurs when function ceases to work properly
  • Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain normal function despite changes

Anatomical Terms

  • All directional terms refer to the anatomical position (body standing, hands forward)

Body Planes

  • Sagittal: Divides body into left and right
  • Frontal/Coronal: Divides body into front and back
  • Transverse: Divides body into top and bottom

Directional Terms

  • Anterior/Ventral: Toward the front
  • Posterior/Dorsal: Toward the back
  • Superior/Cephalic: Toward the head
  • Inferior/Caudal: Away from the head
  • Medial: Toward the midline
  • Lateral: Away from the midline
  • Proximal: Closer to the trunk or origin
  • Distal: Farther from the trunk or origin

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