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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the Pharynx in the respiratory system?
What is the function of the Epiglottis?
Closes the respiratory tract when swallowing
Where is the Larynx located?
At the top of the trachea
What is the main function of the Trachea?
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What are Bronchi?
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What are Alveoli?
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What is the role of the Diaphragm in respiration?
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What is the function of red blood cells?
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What do white blood cells do?
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What is the function of arteries?
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Veins carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
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Match the parts of the cardiovascular system with their functions:
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Study Notes
Respiratory System Overview
- The respiratory system and circulatory system work together to facilitate respiration.
- The upper respiratory tract includes the pharynx, epiglottis, and larynx, while the lower tract consists of the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, alveoli, and diaphragm.
Upper Respiratory Tract
- Pharynx: Acts as a muscular tube for air and food; located in the upper throat.
- Epiglottis: Flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the airway during swallowing.
- Larynx: Situated at the top of the trachea, housing the vocal cords which produce sound.
Lower Respiratory Tract
- Trachea (Windpipe): Main air passageway located below the larynx leading to the lungs.
- Bronchi: Two major tubes that branch off the trachea.
- Bronchioles: Small twig-like tubes extending from bronchi, each ending in alveoli (air sacs).
- Lungs: Main organs of respiration; each lung has sections known as lobes.
- Alveoli: Sites for gas exchange between carbon dioxide and oxygen during inhalation and exhalation.
- Diaphragm: Large muscle beneath the rib cage that aids in breathing by contracting and relaxing.
Cardiovascular System Overview
- The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels, facilitating transport of blood and nutrients throughout the body.
Heart Structure and Function
- Shape and Location: Cone-shaped, located between the lungs, roughly the size of a fist.
- Chambers: Four chambers - two atria (upper) and two ventricles (lower), divided by a septum.
- Functionality: Pumps blood, regulates blood pressure, and ensures circulation of nutrients.
Blood Composition
- Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes): Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and body tissues.
- White Blood Cells (Leukocytes): Part of the immune system, defending against pathogens.
- Platelets (Thrombocytes): Essential for blood clotting and controlling bleeding.
Blood Vessels
- Veins: Carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart, illustrated in blue.
- Arteries: Transport oxygenated blood away from the heart, usually shown in red.
- Capillaries: Smallest blood vessels facilitating the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste at the cellular level.
Blood Circulation
- Blood circulation involves two main circuits:
- Pulmonary Circuit: Carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.
- Systemic Circuit: Facilitates the distribution of oxygenated blood from the left heart to the rest of the body.
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Description
This quiz covers the foundational concepts of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems as outlined in the Science 9 Biology curriculum, specifically for the first quarter. Students will explore mechanisms of breathing and select diseases and conditions related to these systems.
